PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to estimate development of secondary sex characters and genitalia including testicular volume, penile length and girth, and prevalence of varicocele. In addition, we evalua ted the relationship between testicular volume and presence of varicocele. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted on 893 school boys between the ages of 14 to 15 years, 3rd grade middle school in Chonju city during the period september to October, 1999. The testicular volume was measured in the upright posture using Prader's orchidometer and penile length and girth were estimated with a ruler. Varicocele was evaluated by dubin's method. RESULTS: The testis volume (mean+/-SD) was 10.20+/-2.6ml on right and 9.93+/-2.6 on left and penile length (mean+/-SD) was 10.9+/-1.6cm and penile girth (mean+/-SD) was 8.0+/-0.8cm. The prevalence of varicocele was 38.2% (342/893) in left side, 16%(146/893) in right side. The difference in testicular volume between right and left testis was statistically significant in students with unilateral varicocele than the students without varicocele (0.78+/-1.06ml v/s, 0.54+/-1.01ml, p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we obtained mean testicular volume, penile length and girth and higher incidence rate of varicocele on adolescent school age group in Chonju area. The difference in testicular varicocele. The reduction of the testicular volume with varicocele correlated with the severity of grade of varicocele need following up to disclose the effect of the varicocele on the testicular growth and fertility potential.
Adolescent ; Fertility ; Genitalia* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Posture ; Prevalence* ; Testis ; Varicocele*

No abstract available.
Seminal Vesicles* ; Ureter*

OBJECTIVES: To test the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of the schizophrenia, we compared MR brain scans of schizophrenic patients with headache patients. METHOD: We conducted 7mm-slice magnetic resonance imaging study to evaluate the prevalence of CSF in a sample of 28 headache patients and 23 schizophrenic patients. All subjects are right-handed person by Annett's questionaires. RESULTS: Any size CSF was fecund 13/23(56.5%)schizophrenics and 16/28(57.1%) of headache patients. But larger CSF was found 26.1% of schizophrenics and 10.7% of headache patients. No statistically significant difference in gender and clinical subtype. CONCLUSIONS: Higher incidence of CSF in schizophrenic patients supports the hypothesis that anomalous development of the brain is an important aspect of the schizophrenia.
Brain ; Headache ; Humans ; Incidence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Prevalence ; Schizophrenia*

Nail-patella syndrome is a relatively rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by dysplastic nail, hypoplastic or absent patella, and dislocation of radial head and iliac horns. In addition, renal abnormalities have been reported. The usual clinical signs of the renal involvement are asymptomatic proteinuria, microscopic hematuria, and in some cases progression to end stage renal disease. We present the case of adult with nail-patella syndrome, who developed proteinuria. Electron microscopy revealed irregular thickening of the glomerular basement membrane with areas of rarefaction, giving rise to a pathognomonic "moth-eaten" appearance.
Adult ; Animals ; Dislocations ; Glomerular Basement Membrane ; Head ; Hematuria ; Horns ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Microscopy, Electron ; Nail-Patella Syndrome* ; Patella ; Proteinuria

Glomerulonephritis associated with visceral abscess is being increasingly recognized. The association of glomerulonephritis with visceral suppuration in the absence of endocarditis was first described by Whitworth and associates. Abscesses were most frequently located in the respiratory tract but have been reported at numerous other sites, including appendix, uterus, aorto-femoral bypass graft and cutaneous wound. This report documents the apparently rare occurrence of glomerulonephritis with acute renal failure in association with pyogenic liver abscess. The need for awareness of glomerulonephritis as a cause of acute renal failure in pyogenic liver abscess is highlighted.
Aged ; Antibiotics/administration & dosage ; Biopsy, Needle ; Case Report ; Drainage/methods ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glomerulonephritis/*complications/*diagnosis/therapy ; Human ; Liver Abscess/*complications/*diagnosis/therapy ; Male ; Pseudomonas Infections/*complications/*diagnosis/therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

No abstract available.
Heart* ; Thoracic Surgery*

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and immune response to oxidized low density lipoprotein(oxLDL) are important events in the progression of atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus(DM). Though, many clinical studies used man-made reagents that the reproducibility of the tests was not reliable and showed controversial results in some aspects. We performed above three tests in DM patients by the commercial kits and compared our results with previous results. METHODS: Total 67 DM patients and sex- and age-matched healthy persons were tested about total antioxidant status(TAS), lipid peroxidation(LPO) and autoantibody to oxLDL(anti-oxLDL) by Total Antioxidant Status kit(RANDOX Labs., Crumlin, UK), BIOXYTECH LPO-586 kit(OXIS International Inc., Portland, OR, USA) and Ox-LDL IgG ELISA kit(BIODESIGN International, Kennenbunk, ME, USA) each. RESULTS: The intra-run and between-run coefficients of variation of TAS and LPO were 2.6/2.7% and 13.4/15.6% respectively. The intra-run coefficient of variation of anti-oxLDL was 1.8 to 6.9%. DM patients showed decreased TAS(1.31+/-0.15 mmol/L) when compared with normal controls(1.38+/-0.09 mmol/L, P <0.01). TAS was inversely correlated with HbA1c(r=-0.38, P <0.01). LPO and anti-oxLDL in DM patients did not differ significantly from normal controls. CONCLUSIONS: By commercial kits, we could get reproducible results of TAS and anti-oxLDL, but not LPO test. The results of TAS and HbA1c among the DM patients and normal controls suggested that poor glycemic control might be associated with decrease of TAS. We could not find significant difference in the results of LPO and anti-oxLDL between two groups.
Atherosclerosis ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Indicators and Reagents ; Lipid Peroxidation* ; Lipoproteins* ; Oxidative Stress

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of refractive blur on the results of mfERG. METHODS: mfERG was performed on 10 healthy volunteers with a refractive error within +/- 1 diopter. The central 30 degrees of the ocular fundus were stimulated by an array of 103 hexagonal elements, for four minutes, using VERISTM. To change the refractive status, 6-cm diameter corrective lens, of -6, -4, -2, plano, +2, +4, and +6 diopters, were placed in front of the eyes, and the examination distance adjusted to compensate retinal image size changes due to corrective lens. The mfERG responses were grouped by 6 concentric rings, and then averaged. For each ring, the latencies and amplitudes of the N1, P1 and N2 were analyzed. The 6 rings were divided into the central (ring 1, 2) and peripheral (ring 3~6) retina, and the latencies and amplitudes of the N1, P1 and N2 were then also analyzed. RESULTS: Refractive blur can affect the results of the mfERG. Latency delay was more common at the peripheral than central retina, but had no statistically significant correlations with the refractive power increase. CONCLUSIONS: When the viewing distance was adjusted to create a constant retinal image size, the influence of refractive blur may cause some changes in the mfERG results. Therefore, when evaluating the results of an mfERG, the effects of the refractive error should be borne in mind.
Healthy Volunteers ; Refractive Errors* ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde

A 27 year-old female presented with dyspnea on exertion, and was diagnosed using transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography as congenital double-orifice mitral valve and mitral valve prolapse resulting in severe mitral regurgitation. This finding was confirmed by open heart surgery, and her mitral valve was successfully repaired with lateral commissural repair and ring annuloplasty using da Vinci system. We report this case with review of literature.
Dyspnea ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Female ; Humans ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Mitral Valve Prolapse ; Thoracic Surgery

OBJECTIVE: There are few studies comparing small and large craniotomies for the initial treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) which had non-liquefied hematoma, multilayer intrahematomal loculations, or organization/calcification on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. These procedures were compared to determine which would produce superior postoperative results. METHODS: Between 2001 and 2009, 317 consecutive patients were surgically treated for CSDH at our institution. Of these, 16 patients underwent a small craniotomy with partial membranectomy and 42 patients underwent a large craniotomy with extended membranectomy as the initial treatment. A retrospective review was performed to compare the postoperative outcomes of these two techniques, focusing on improvement of neurological status, complications, reoperation rate, and days of post-operative hospitalization. RESULTS: The mean ages were 69.4+/-12.1 and 55.6+/-9.3 years in the small and large craniotomy groups, respectively. The recurrence of hematomas requiring reoperation occurred in 50% and 10% of the small and large craniotomy patients, respectively (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in postoperative neurological status, complications, or days of hospital stay between these two groups. CONCLUSION: Among the cases of CSDH initially requiring craniotomy, the large craniotomy with extended membranectomy technique reduced the reoperation rate, compared to that of the small craniotomy with partial membranectomy technique.
Craniotomy ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Recurrence ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies