No abstract available.
Seminal Vesicles* ; Ureter*

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to estimate development of secondary sex characters and genitalia including testicular volume, penile length and girth, and prevalence of varicocele. In addition, we evalua ted the relationship between testicular volume and presence of varicocele. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted on 893 school boys between the ages of 14 to 15 years, 3rd grade middle school in Chonju city during the period september to October, 1999. The testicular volume was measured in the upright posture using Prader's orchidometer and penile length and girth were estimated with a ruler. Varicocele was evaluated by dubin's method. RESULTS: The testis volume (mean+/-SD) was 10.20+/-2.6ml on right and 9.93+/-2.6 on left and penile length (mean+/-SD) was 10.9+/-1.6cm and penile girth (mean+/-SD) was 8.0+/-0.8cm. The prevalence of varicocele was 38.2% (342/893) in left side, 16%(146/893) in right side. The difference in testicular volume between right and left testis was statistically significant in students with unilateral varicocele than the students without varicocele (0.78+/-1.06ml v/s, 0.54+/-1.01ml, p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we obtained mean testicular volume, penile length and girth and higher incidence rate of varicocele on adolescent school age group in Chonju area. The difference in testicular varicocele. The reduction of the testicular volume with varicocele correlated with the severity of grade of varicocele need following up to disclose the effect of the varicocele on the testicular growth and fertility potential.
Adolescent ; Fertility ; Genitalia* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Posture ; Prevalence* ; Testis ; Varicocele*

OBJECTIVES: To test the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of the schizophrenia, we compared MR brain scans of schizophrenic patients with headache patients. METHOD: We conducted 7mm-slice magnetic resonance imaging study to evaluate the prevalence of CSF in a sample of 28 headache patients and 23 schizophrenic patients. All subjects are right-handed person by Annett's questionaires. RESULTS: Any size CSF was fecund 13/23(56.5%)schizophrenics and 16/28(57.1%) of headache patients. But larger CSF was found 26.1% of schizophrenics and 10.7% of headache patients. No statistically significant difference in gender and clinical subtype. CONCLUSIONS: Higher incidence of CSF in schizophrenic patients supports the hypothesis that anomalous development of the brain is an important aspect of the schizophrenia.
Brain ; Headache ; Humans ; Incidence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Prevalence ; Schizophrenia*

Glomerulonephritis associated with visceral abscess is being increasingly recognized. The association of glomerulonephritis with visceral suppuration in the absence of endocarditis was first described by Whitworth and associates. Abscesses were most frequently located in the respiratory tract but have been reported at numerous other sites, including appendix, uterus, aorto-femoral bypass graft and cutaneous wound. This report documents the apparently rare occurrence of glomerulonephritis with acute renal failure in association with pyogenic liver abscess. The need for awareness of glomerulonephritis as a cause of acute renal failure in pyogenic liver abscess is highlighted.
Aged ; Antibiotics/administration & dosage ; Biopsy, Needle ; Case Report ; Drainage/methods ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glomerulonephritis/*complications/*diagnosis/therapy ; Human ; Liver Abscess/*complications/*diagnosis/therapy ; Male ; Pseudomonas Infections/*complications/*diagnosis/therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

Nail-patella syndrome is a relatively rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by dysplastic nail, hypoplastic or absent patella, and dislocation of radial head and iliac horns. In addition, renal abnormalities have been reported. The usual clinical signs of the renal involvement are asymptomatic proteinuria, microscopic hematuria, and in some cases progression to end stage renal disease. We present the case of adult with nail-patella syndrome, who developed proteinuria. Electron microscopy revealed irregular thickening of the glomerular basement membrane with areas of rarefaction, giving rise to a pathognomonic "moth-eaten" appearance.
Adult ; Animals ; Dislocations ; Glomerular Basement Membrane ; Head ; Hematuria ; Horns ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Microscopy, Electron ; Nail-Patella Syndrome* ; Patella ; Proteinuria

OBJECTIVE: There are few studies comparing small and large craniotomies for the initial treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) which had non-liquefied hematoma, multilayer intrahematomal loculations, or organization/calcification on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. These procedures were compared to determine which would produce superior postoperative results. METHODS: Between 2001 and 2009, 317 consecutive patients were surgically treated for CSDH at our institution. Of these, 16 patients underwent a small craniotomy with partial membranectomy and 42 patients underwent a large craniotomy with extended membranectomy as the initial treatment. A retrospective review was performed to compare the postoperative outcomes of these two techniques, focusing on improvement of neurological status, complications, reoperation rate, and days of post-operative hospitalization. RESULTS: The mean ages were 69.4+/-12.1 and 55.6+/-9.3 years in the small and large craniotomy groups, respectively. The recurrence of hematomas requiring reoperation occurred in 50% and 10% of the small and large craniotomy patients, respectively (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in postoperative neurological status, complications, or days of hospital stay between these two groups. CONCLUSION: Among the cases of CSDH initially requiring craniotomy, the large craniotomy with extended membranectomy technique reduced the reoperation rate, compared to that of the small craniotomy with partial membranectomy technique.
Craniotomy ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Recurrence ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies

Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation may be induced by coronary spasm presenting with typical angina-like pain and palpitations. It is typically treated using rate or rhythm control strategies, although sustained coronary spasm can induce sinus bradycardia with dizziness and syncope. In the present case, we reached a diagnosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and sinus bradycardia due to coronary artery spasm using the methyl-ergonovine provocation test during angiography. While the treatment of coronary spasm can resolve paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, sinus bradycardia, and variant angina, the mechanism remains unclear, although it may be associated with sinus node ischemia. Similar symptoms, particularly chest discomfort, should be carefully considered in cases of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
Angiography ; Atrial Fibrillation* ; Bradycardia* ; Coronary Vasospasm ; Coronary Vessels* ; Diagnosis ; Dizziness ; Ischemia ; Sinoatrial Node ; Spasm* ; Syncope ; Thorax

OBJECTIVE: Misjudgement of rupture site may result in disastrous postoperative rebleeding from the unclipped but truly ruptured aneurysm. We assess the concordance rate between radiologic findings and operative ones, and then we document the problems in false localization of rupture site in multiple intracranial aneurysms. METHODS: From January 2001 to December 2002, We retrospectively analyzed 14 patients with a total of 32 multiple aneurysms to assess the primary rupture site. The rupture site was determined on the basis of computed tomographic and angiographic findings by neurosurgeons and one neuroradiologist. The operative findings such as healed thrombotic cap, localized clot, and easy collapse before and after clipping of ruptured aneurysms were compared with the predicted radiologic findings. On the other hand, we analyzed the causes in the cases of false localization. RESULTS: The location of ruptured aneurysm was verified at the time of surgery in 10 patients. The concordance rate of localized clot(100%) was higher than laterality of subarachnoid hemorrhage(66.7%) on CT scan, and those of focal vasospasm and nipple formation(100%) were also higher than size(72.7%) or irregularity(83.3%) of aneurysms on angiographic findings. Two of four misjudged patients were expired due to rebleeding from unclipped aneurysms. CONCLUSION: Although most reliable radiologic findings are useful in determination of rupture site, we should also consider less reliable radiologic findings and careful surgical inspection of the target aneurysm. And then early second operation should be performed as soon as possible in cases of misjudgment on initial diagnosis.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Diagnosis ; Hand ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Nipples ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Endovascular coiling is one of the recent methods for treating cerebral aneurysm and this method is considered to be an alternative method for treating aneurysms. Yet there are several disadvantages of endovascular coiling. As is well known, a wide-necked aneurysm is not completely treated with endovascular coiling. Infarction of the parent artery due to coil compaction, recanalization and embolization is a significant problem of endovascular coiling for a wide-necked aneurysm. Wide-necked aneurysms have been recently treated with stent assisted coil embolization. Stent-assisted coil embolization results in a higher rate of complication. In this case report, we present a case with complication after stent-assisted endovascular coiling. We concluded that precise, cautious procedures are needed when performing complicated stent assisted endovascular coiling to prevent thromboembolic complications.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Humans ; Infarction ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Parents ; Stents

Since maxillofacial injury is frequently accompanied by other diseases, its evaluation and treatment are open delayed. When the evaluation is delayed, the surgical treatment can be difficult or impossible. A 21-yr-old man presented with right facial swelling and deformity after injury. We planned immediate surgical repair for his right tetrapod fracture, but the operation was delayed for two months due to severe hyperthyroidism. During the operation, we reducted and fixed the deviated bone after refracture of the zygomatic arch with an osteotome to achieve mobility. The facial deformity and difficulty in mouth opening were improved after the operation. Even in the presence of accompanying fractures, early evaluation and proper management can prevent complications and achieve acceptable cosmetic outcomes in maxillofacial trauma patients. In patients with malunion of fracture sites, fixation after refracture using an osteotome can be a good treatment option for obtaining good mobility.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Cosmetics ; Facial Injuries ; Fracture Fixation ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Maxillofacial Injuries ; Mouth ; Zygoma