BACKGROUND: Candida species are one ol the major pathogens causing opportunistic infection. The need for a standardized. and clinically relevant method for antifungal susceptibility testing has become more increased because resistance to antifungal agents is now being reported with increasing frequency. The purposes of this study were to measure the minimal inhibitory concentrations actions amphotericin B, flucytosine and fluconazole of clinical isolates of Candida species, and to evaluate broth microdilution method as a more efficient test method, compared with NCCLS standard broth macrodilution. METHODS: The minlmal Inhibitory concentrations of C. parapsilosis ATCC 90018, C, albicans ATCC 90028 and 32 Candida isolates from Korea University Hospital were evaluated against amphotericin B, flucytosine and fluconazole by broth macrodilution and microdilution methods. RESULTS: The minimal inhibitory concentrations of Candida species ranged 0.25 to 1.0 microgram/mL for amphotericin B, 0.125 to 2.0 microgram/mL for flucytosine and 0.125 to 64 microgram/mL for fluconazole. The percent of agreement between NCCLS standard broth macrodilution and microdilution was highest when inoculum size was 0.5-2.5x103 CFU/mL and incubation time was 48 hours, and one fold dilution agreement was 100% for amphotericin B, 100% for flucytosine and 88-96% for fluconazole. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed good agreement of results of broth microdilution test with those of macrodilution, and suggested that broth microdilution method is an accessible and useful method and can be substituted for broth macrodilutlon method with the expectation of good results.
Amphotericin B ; Antifungal Agents ; Candida* ; Fluconazole ; Flucytosine ; Korea ; Opportunistic Infections

Since 1856, Mayer13) coined the term “osteotomy” for a tibial resection for an angular deformity, various shapes and designs of osteotomies in long bone or pelvis have been popularized to treat the malunion, osteoarthritis of hip and knee, bow leg, L.C.P., or C.D.H. etc. The purpose of corrective osteotomy for tibia is so different from that of upper extremity because it must be restored the weight bearing alignment, and equalize or minimize the leg length discrepancy. We respectively reviewed 14 cases with various angular deformities on tibia who were treated at Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Catholic Medical College from Jan. 1976 to Dec. 1984. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Causes of angular or rotational deformities of tibia were malunion in 11, bow leg in 2 and partial closure of distal tibial epiphysis in l. 2. Ten cases of tibial deformities exceeded over the 10° of medial or lateral angulation and 15° of anterior or posterior bowing were corrected for normal weight-bearing alignment in lower leg. And a rotational deformity may be so disabling to walk as to require surgery. So four cases of tibial angular deformities combined with more than 20° of external rotation and 5° of internal rotation were corrected for normal good looking walks. 3. The maximum length that can be gained by an opening wedge osteotomy was near the point of maximum angluation, but it could be changed by the cause of deformity and patient's age. We've done 4 cases of opening and 10 cases of closing wedge osteotomy. 4. Angular deformity in one plane due to fracture in children under 10 years of age may be corrected spontaneously by growth, but deformities due to bow leg or epiphyseal injury cann't be expected any spontaneous correction of deformity by growth. So three cases of tibial deformities due to bow leg or epiphyseal injury in children were corrected in earlier after recognition of that deformities because of possible damage to articular cartilage and the combined rotational deformities. 5. A slight deformity if the angulation involves near a joint, knee or ankle could be seriously disabling and so must be correctcd earlier. 6. Functional results of the corrective wedge osteotomy in angular and rotational deformities of tibia were excellent, good, fair in 4, 7 and 3, respectively.
Ankle ; Cartilage, Articular ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Epiphyses ; Genu Varum ; Humans ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Leg ; Numismatics ; Osteoarthritis, Hip ; Osteotomy ; Pelvis ; Tibia ; Upper Extremity ; Weight-Bearing

Freys syndrome is characterized by attacks of facial erythema and gustatory sweating occurring in the cutaneous distribution of the auriculotemporal nerve. After sugery, trauma, abscess, or other diseases of the parotid gland, the postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers are disrupted. Some misdirected auriculotemporal nerve fibrils join with the distal sympathetic nerves innervating the sweat glands and subcutaneous vessels. We report a case of Freys sindrome in a 6-year old boy without any definite injury to the parotid gland. After considering our case and review of literature of Freys syndrome in children, we conclude that there may be a congenital defect in the auriculotemporal nerve innervation responsible for cases occuring in children.
Abscess ; Child* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Erythema ; Humans ; Male ; Nerve Fibers ; Parotid Gland ; Sweat Glands ; Sweating, Gustatory

In the mass outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease pandemic, the Daegu Medical Association managed to control and reduce the number of victims in Daegu successfully. More than 6,000 people were diagnosed in this city within a four-week period, and both medical system breakdown and increasing mortality were imminent. However, we minimized fatalities despite this explosive outbreak in a short time. The collaboration between the Daegu Medical Association and the local government may provide a reference model for overcoming regional outbreaks in the global pandemic era. We can prevent the shortage of medical resources by recruiting volunteer doctors and nurses early through public awareness campaigns. We can overcome the first massive outbreak using several new diagnostic and therapeutic systems such as the drive-through diagnosis system, telephonic counseling for self-quarantine patients by volunteer doctors, and therapeutic living centers. Both sharing the process of collaboration with the public system and summarizing the factors can provide useful information for building effective response systems to cope with the ongoing local outbreak of COVID-19 and any future epidemics of infectious diseases.

It is well known that the incidence of revision arthroplasty for the loosened total hip has been progressively increasing recently. And the problem is that the loosening rate of revision arthroplasty for the failed total hip replacement is much higher as compared with that of primary total hip replacement. In revision arthroplasty, Amstutz, in 1982, reported 9% incidence of mechanical failure and 43% incidence of femoral and 61% incidence of acetabular progressive radiolucencies with follow-up for an average of 2.1 years, and Pellicci, in 1985, reported 29% incidence of failure for total hip replacement that have been revised once in the radiolucent zone with the follow-up for an average 8.1 years, and Kavanagh, in 1985, reported that probable loosening occurred in 25% of revised acetabular components with follow-up for an average of 4.5 years. Cementless total hip replacement is successful in more than 90 of the primary cases for the last 5 years in our department. Therefore, not only in primary total hip replacement but also in the revision, it seems to be reasonable to perform the cementless total hip replacement as an alternative, particularlly, in young age group. During the period from April 1982 to December 1984, we have revised 12 loosened total hip replacement with cementless type. Average follow up was 1 year and 7 months. The age range of the patients was 23 to 64. The results are very promising without any evidence of loosening in all cases.
Acetabulum ; Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans ; Incidence

One hundred eighty-eight patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head in adults, who were admitted and treated in Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital between January of 1965 and May of 1985 are investigated in terms of the history, clinical data and laboratory examinations. And, the following results were obtained. 1. The incidence was higher in the 5th decade and the sex ratio between male and female was 3.3:l. 2. 106 cases (56%) had the bilateral hip involvement. 3. The most frequent etiological factor was alcohol (72 cases, 38%), followed by trauma (35 cases, 19 %), and steroid (32 cases, 17%). 4. Underlying diseases in steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head were dermopathy (9 cases), nephropathy (4 cases), pain over other joints (5 cases), systemic lupus erythematosus (2 cases), etc. 5. The time intervals between etiological events and appearances of clinical symptoms were 2 years and 3 months in the steroid induced cases, 1 year and 1 month in trauma induced ones, 2 years and 1 month in femur neck fracture cases, 2 years and 2 months in Caissons disease, and 3 years in post-irradiation 6. Bone scan was valuable in the early diagnosis of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. 7. Selective femoral head angiography show narrowing of lateral femoral circumflex artery, narrowing or obstruction of medical femoral circumflex artery, and obstruction of superior retinacular artery. 8. It is suggested that minor trauma and osteoporosis could make micro-fracture, resulting avascular necrosis of the femoral head, and the vascular change is secondary to the avascular necrosis.
Adult ; Angiography ; Arteries ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur ; Head ; Hip ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Male ; Necrosis ; Orthopedics ; Osteoporosis ; Seoul ; Sex Ratio

No abstract available.
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel* ; Immunoblotting* ; Korea* ; Rickettsia typhi* ; Rickettsia*

Serovars of 22 leptospiral field isolates from rats trapped in Korea were identified by cross-agglutinin absorption test (CAAT). Genomic characteristics of 7 selected isolates and 6 antigenically closely related reference serovars of lai, yeonchon, birkini, gem, mwogolo, and canicola were differentiated by arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) and southern blot hybridization using 16S rRNA gene probe from Borrelia burgdorferi. Among the 22 isolates, 21 strains were identified as serovar lai by CAAT, while the serological reactivity of NR13 did not accord with that of serovar lai. Results of AP-PCR using primers RSP, KF and PB-1 were in general agreement with those obtained by serological identification, and all 7 isolates including NR13 showed the same profile with serovar lai or yeonchon. In the southern blot hybridization with 16S rRNA gene probe, the isolates were divided into two ribotype groups when HindIII and BamHI digests were employed: isolates NR4, NR13, and serovar lai showed the same profile, and isolates JR34, JR57, KR48, JR77, and JR82 were classified as the another ribotype group. Isolate NR13 and serovar yeonchon, which were isolated in Korea and showed serological differences with serovar lai, were indistinguishable from serovar lai in this DNA study using AP-PCR and ribotyping. These results demonstrate that Korean leptospiral isolates were closely related in DNA level, and ribotyping would be useful for subgrouping of field isolates.
Absorption ; Animals ; Blotting, Southern ; Borrelia burgdorferi ; DNA ; Genes, rRNA ; Korea ; Leptospira* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Rats ; Ribotyping*

No abstract available.
Retrospective Studies ; Surgery, Oral ; Tracheostomy

No abstract available.