The persistent left superior vena cava (LSVC) is not rare cardiovascular developmental anomaly occurring both in association with congenital heart disease and as an isolated anomaly of no hemodynamic importance. We have studied 73 cases of the LSCV out of 1,060 cases of congenital heart disease catheterized at Yonsei Cardiovascular Center. We conducted the study with a view point of position of the heart and abdominal organs and segmental analysis of the underlying congenital heart disease. We also analysed the associated extracardiac vascular anomalies. The following results were obtained: 1) The incidence of this anomaly among congenital heart disease was 6.9% and 41 cases(56.2%) had cyanosis. 2) We observed 20 cases(27.3%) with the malposition of the heart and 17 cases(23.3%) with malposition of the abdominal organs. The ventricular loops revealed D-loop in 60 cases, L-loop in 7 cases and in the remaining 6 cases, it was uncertain. 3) With a view point of type of LSVC by Lucas & Krabill, type A was in 50 cases(68.5%), type D in 14 cases(19.2%), type B in 5 cases(6.8%) and type C in 4 cases(5.5%). 4) Associated cardiovascular anomalies were as follows: ventricular septal defect; 42 cases(57.5%), atrial septal defect; 33 cases(45.2%), patent ductus arteriosus; 27 cases(36.9%), and tetralogy of Fallot; 18 cases(24.7%). In conclusion, LSVC usually has no hemodynamic importance, but this cardiac anomaly is frequently combined with complex intracardiac anomalies. Therefore, it is important to making accurate diagnosis and successful management for preventing the risk of it.
Catheters ; Classification* ; Cyanosis ; Diagnosis ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Heart ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Hemodynamics ; Incidence ; Tetralogy of Fallot ; Vena Cava, Superior*

OBJECTIVE: To report three cases of monozygotic twinning after IVF-ET transfer. METHODS: Private practice in two different assisted reproductive technology clinics. RESULTS: Three intrauterine monozygotic twin pregnancies occurred after IVF-ET. One of them was complicated by cord entanglement, another is progressing normal pregnancy without complication and the other was had a normal pregnancy without complication and delivered twin by cesarean section. CONCLUSION: The reported prevalence of multiple gestations in IVF-ET is a approximately 30%, and it is only 2.7% to be monozygotic twinning in IVF-ET. We report three cases of monozygotic twining after IVF-ET.
Cesarean Section ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy* ; Prevalence ; Private Practice ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Twinning, Monozygotic ; Twins, Monozygotic*

This study was conducted among the university students to investigate the effects of working in an daytime and studying in an evening class on dietary behaviors and nutrient intakes. A 24-hour recall method was used along with food frequency questionnaires. The subjects were composed of three groups : 172 were in the daytime calss regular student group(RS), 178 were evening class students without a job(ESWOJ), and 140 were evening class students with a job(ESWJ). An average age of the ESWJ was 31 years old, which was 9 years older than the RS and 7 years older than the ESWOJ. The types of the residence were significantly different among the groups ; were seif-boarding 74% of the ESWJ stayed at home while 47% of the RS were self-boarding and 61% of the ESWOJ. The survey shows that while a great majority of the RS and ESWOJ has breakfast and supper at home, about 10% and 17% of the ESWJ ate breakfast and supper, respectively, at the cafeteria in their work place. The most frequently skipped meal was the breakfast in all groups. Approximately 9% of the ESWJ tended to skip the breakfast, while 27% of the RS and 33% of the ESWOJ did. It turns out that the mose common reason why ESWJ skipped meals was due to a lack of time. About 71% of the ESWJ ate out more than once a week compared to 57% and 62% of the RS and ESWOJ, respectively. Approximately 30% of the ESWJ ate out more than once a week compared to 57% and 62% of the RS and ESWOJ, respectively. Approximately 30% of the ESWJ spent less than 10 minutes at meal time, showing a hurried eating habit. The results show that the ESWJ tended to eat a variety of food s and eat less instant foods, but drink coffee more often compared to the other two groups. The results also show that in all groups, the intakes of energy, Ca, and vitamin A were lower than the Korean Recommended Daily Allowances(RDA). In addition to these nutrients, protein, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin were also lower than the RDA in all make students, and Fe was lower than the RDA in all female students. Among the deficient nutrients, vitamin A showed the lowest % RDA : 48% in the male and 64% in the female students. Among the deficient nutrients, vitamin A showed the lowest % RDA ; 48% in the male and 64% in the female students. The intakes of Ca, Fe, and niacin in the ESWJ were significantly greater than those in the RS and ESWOJ groups, and the vitamin C intake in the ESWJ was greater than that in the ESWOJ(p<0.01). In conclusion, university students in all three groups have a serious imbalance in the nutrient intakes, and the evening class students with a daytime job have unhealthy dietary behaviors in the light of high frequency of eating out and heavy coffee drinking, a rushed eating pattern, and therefore showing a strong need of proper nutritional education for them.
Adult ; Ascorbic Acid ; Breakfast ; Child ; Coffee ; Drinking ; Eating ; Education ; Female ; Food ; Humans ; Male ; Meals ; Niacin ; Riboflavin ; Thiamine ; Vitamin A ; Workplace ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Poly-D,L-lactic acid (PDLLA) is widely used in facial rejuvenation as a collagen stimulator, with a lower risk of granuloma formation compared to poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA). However, granulomas may still occur. In this case, a 58-year-old woman developed firm, non-tender, bilateral infraorbital granulomas 2 months after her third PDLLA injection for infraorbital hollowing. The lesions were unresponsive to intralesional trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and intense pulsed light therapy, necessitating surgical removal. Histopathological analysis confirmed foreign-body granulomas caused by the PDLLA filler. This case highlights the need for caution when injecting PDLLA into thin-skinned areas like the infraorbital region, where granulomas can be more visible due to limited tissue volume. Although PDLLA fillers are generally safe, granuloma formation remains a potential complication. Early diagnosis and treatment with non-surgical methods, such as intralesional TCA, should be prioritized. If these methods fail, surgical excision, aimed at preserving as much normal tissue as possible, may be necessary for optimal outcomes.

Primary tumors of the heart are rare, three quarter of the tumors are benign, and nearly half of the benign heart tumors are myxomas. Cardiac myxoma usually originate in the left atrium about 75 percent, however, only 3 to 4 percent of myxoma are detected in the left ventricle. We report on a 32 years old woman with left ventricular myxoma who presented with shortness of breath, chest tightness, and general weakness. Acute pulmonary embolism and left ventricular myxoma were found on a perfusion lung scan and echocadiogram. A mass located on septal wall of left ventricle was excised en bloc. The patient recovered uneventfully and careful follow up has be performed periodically.
Adult ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart ; Heart Atria ; Heart Neoplasms ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Lung ; Myxoma* ; Perfusion ; Pulmonary Embolism* ; Thorax

We report a cace of 69-year-old man who developed massive pulmonary hemorrhage and subsuquent adult respiratory distress syndrome following intravenous urokinase for acute myocardial infarction. Pulmonary hemorrhage is a rare but a potentially life-threatening complication after thrombolytic therapy and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates of falling hemoglobin after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction with no obvious site of bleeding.
Adult* ; Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult* ; Thrombolytic Therapy* ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator

It is well established that mast cell proliferation and maturation are regulated by two principle cytokines, IL-3 and the c-kit ligand stem cell factor (SCF). Previous reports have demonstrated that bone marrow-derived IL-3-dependent mast cells exhibit the characteristic apoptosis on removal of IL-3. To know how the number of mast cells is controlled, we observed the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on the murine bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells (BMCMC). Apoptosis was measured by the analysis of flow cytometric data and electrophoretic evidence of DNA fragmentation. Our data showed that sodiurn nitroprusside (SNP)-a NO releasing substance- induced apoptosis in BMCMC. Cell cycle analysis showed that the number of the G,/G, and S phase decreased markedly, while the percentage of cell in G,/M phase was increased. Also, SNP alone induced cell death, whereas SNP in combination with SCF markedly decreased cell death of BMCMC. SNP-induced apoptosis was partially inhibited by the treatment of BMCMC with SCF. Our results suggest that NO might have sorne role in the regulation of the number of mast cells.
Apoptosis ; Bone Marrow* ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Death ; Cytokines ; DNA Fragmentation ; Interleukin-3 ; Mast Cells* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Nitroprusside ; S Phase ; Stem Cell Factor

No abstract available.
Cryptococcosis*

Anti-E and anti-c is one of the clinical significant irregular antibodies developing a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction and hemolytic disease of the newborn. Since anti-c occurs frequently with anti-E in immunized people whosoe cells are E-and c-, it has been recommended to select blood of the patient's own R1 phenotype for transfusion, even when the presence of anti-c cannot be demonstrated in his/her serum. To determine the utility of this approach, we reviewed the blood bank laboratory records of patients identified anti-E and anti-c in his/her serum in Severance hospital over a 12 year period (1985-1996). During the 12-year period of study, 53 patients were identified with anti-E and/or anti-c; 30(56.6%) patients had anti-E alone, 6(11.3%) had anti-c, and 17(32.1%) had both. Thirty eight of forty two patients whose Rh-hr phenotypes were tested were R1R1. Of these 38 R1R1 patients, 16 patients (42.1%) presented with anti-c concomitant with anti-E. Ouru study showed that the incidence of antni-c in R1R1 patients with anti-E is similar to that of studies reported in Caucasian groups. We highly suggest the transfusion protocol of prophylactic use of c negative blood for R1R1 patients with anti-E. Furthermore, because anti-c may be present in concentrations too low to be detected, the enzyme technique is recommended in parallel with standard serologic methods for the identification of irregular antibodies.
Antibodies ; Blood Banks ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Phenotype

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between radiation-induced activation of DNA repair genes and radiation induced apoptosis in A431 cell line. MATERALS AND METHODS: Five and 25 Gys of gamma radiation were given to A431 cells by a Cs-137 cell irradiator. Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry using annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide staining. The expression of DNA repair genes was evaluated by both Northern and Western blot analyses. RESULTS: The number of apoptotic cells increased with the increased radiation dose. It increased most significantly at 12 hours after irradiation. Expression of p53, p21, and hRAD50 reached the highest level at 12 hours after 5 Gy irradiation. In response to 25 Gy irradiation, hRAD50 and p21 were expressed maximally at 12 hours, but p53 and GADD45 genes showed the highest expression level after 12 hours. CONCLUSION: Induction of apoptosis and DNA repair by ionizing radiation were closely correlated. The peak time of inducing apoptosis and DNA repair was 12 hours in this study model. hRAD50, a recently discovered DNA repair gene, was also associated with radiation-induced apoptosis.
Apoptosis* ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line* ; DNA Repair* ; DNA* ; Flow Cytometry ; Gamma Rays ; Humans* ; Propidium ; Radiation, Ionizing