The heterotopic and tissues may be divided into two categories: those that are found in the head and neck region, and those that arise elsewhere. The latter type is rare and most cases are found in the lungs of patients with neural tube defect, particularly anencephaly. Our report descrives anencephalic male infant with heterotopic glial nodules in both lungs. The largest nodule is 2x1.5x1 cm, locates in the lower lobe of the left lung, and has a round gray-white cut surface with cystic spaces. Microscopically, the nodules consist of irregularly arranged astrocytes and glial fibers, in which are embedded gland-like or cystically dilated bronchioles. The astrocytes and glial fibers are strongly positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein and show astrocytic filaments on electron microscopy. This will be an additional case supporting the amniotic fluid aspiration/implantation theory of pathogenetic mechanism of distal heerotopic glial tissue.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Melanoma ; Nevus

No abstract available.
Evoked Potentials, Motor* ; Stroke*

The need for a short-acting non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent to replace succinylcholine chloride(succinylcholine) is recognized widely and attempts to find such a drug have been numerous. Atracurium besylate(atracurium) is one of the new series of neuromuscular blocking agents with little cardiovascular effect and is not dependent on hepatic and renal function for terminating its action because of its self-destroying mechanism. Because succinylchline may occasionally be contraindieated for intubation in parturients we studied the use of atracurium in 23 patients having cesarean section. All patients received 0. 5 mg/kg atracurium for intubation and neuromuscular relaxation. Hemodynamic changes, the time from the injection of atracurium to maximal twitch suppression, the time between atracurium administration and the return to 10% of control twitch height were recorded and observed the degree of vocal cord relaxation and conditions of intubation and evaluated the Apgar scores. 1) Mean arterial pressure and heart rate increased significantly after intubation compared with that of control and just before intubation but there were no significant changes in 5 minutes after intubation. 2) The 90% twitch suppression following atracurium administration was 75.6+/-20.9 seconds. 3) The return of 10% of control twitch height was 2449.3+/-1114.0 seconds. 4) Intubation conditions were excellent for 19 patients. 5) The Apgar scores of 20 neonates were high. These data suggest that the use of atracurium may be a useful alternative for induction for Cesarean section when succinylcholine is contraindicated.
Arterial Pressure ; Atracurium* ; Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents ; Pregnancy ; Relaxation ; Succinylcholine ; Vocal Cords

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to survey the health and functional status of adult cerebral palsy. METHOD: This study included 47 patients who have cerebral palsy between the ages of 20 and 45 years. We evaluated the functional status by the interview and questionnaire, the medical status including a detailed medical history, with emphasis on the musculoskeletal system. RESULTS: 1) In the functional status, the number of non-functional ambulator increased from ten cases (21.3%) to fourteen cases (29.8%) in proportion to the incidence of fracture. 2) In the medical status, thirty-seven cases (78.8%) had more than one musculoskeletal complaint. Twenty-three cases (48.9%) had gastric discomfort, twenty-five cases (53.2%) had dental caries and thirty cases (63.9%) had speech disturbance. 3) Only eleven cases (23.4%) had undergone the comprehensive rehabilitation. CONCLUSION: To prevent and minimize the physical disabilities and musculoskeletal complications of adult cerebral palsy, we need more active medical intervention, active research on the methodology and comprehensive rehabilitation.
Adult* ; Cerebral Palsy* ; Dental Caries ; Humans ; Incidence ; Musculoskeletal System ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation

OBJECTIVE: To know the category, incidence, severity and clinical correlation, we evaluate the patient with neuropathy due to electrical burn on the basis of the electrodiagnostic findings and clinical feature. METHOD: We reviewed the electrodiagnostic findings of 30 patients who had been referred for the evaluation of the neuromuscular symptoms due to electrical burn. The clinical factors such as the input and output of the electrical current, current pathway, associated injury, neuromuscular symptoms and signs were investigated by the chart review and phone interview. RESULTS: 1) The 67% of the cases had the peripheral neuropathy and the 40% had the central nervous system lesion. 2) The median nerve was the most frequent injured nerve by electrical burn and then ulnar nerve was the next. 3) The 82% of the mononeuropathies were related to the entrance site of the electricity and the 35% were related to the exit site. 4) The central nervous system lesion was highly correlated with the current pathway through the head. CONCLUSION: The mononeuropathy, one of the peripheral neuropathies is closely related to the entrance and exit site of electrical injury. The central nervous system lesion was highly related to the current pathway through the head.
Burns* ; Central Nervous System ; Electricity ; Electrodiagnosis ; Head ; Humans ; Incidence ; Median Nerve ; Mononeuropathies ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Ulnar Nerve

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of functional electrical stimulation (FES) on hemiplegic shoulder subluxation in post-acute stroke patients. METHOD: Forty-four patients who had shoulder subluxation as a consequence of their first stroke were included and randomly assigned to either a control group (22 subjects) or a study group (22 subjects). Patients in both groups received physiotherapy and used an arm sling. The study group received, FES therapy to shoulder muscles (supraspinatus and posterior deltoid) for 30 minutes, five days a week for 6 weeks. The effect of FES therapy was evaluated by assessment of the severity of subluxation using radiologic measurements before and after treatment. RESULTS: 1) The severity of subluxation was significantly increased after 6 weeks (p<0.05) in the control group. In the study group, it was reduced but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). 2) In the group of patients with early treatment (onset duration, less than 6 months), the control group showed a significant increase in subluxation (p<0.05), but the study group showed significantly reduced (p<0.05) shoulder subluxation after treatment period. 3) In the group of patients with mild shoulder subluxation before treatment (less than 1 finger breadth), the control group showed a significant increase in subluxation (p<0.05), but the study group showed significantly reduced (p<0.05) shoulder subluxation after treatment period. CONCLUSION: The FES therapy is effective in preventing and reducing the severity of hemiplegic shoulder subluxation in post-acute stroke patients, especially if duration since stroke onset was less than six months and the severity of subluxation before treatment was mild.
Arm ; Electric Stimulation* ; Fingers ; Humans ; Muscles ; Shoulder* ; Stroke

Picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) has widely been used in many hospitals. Film digitizer has been used in order to create digital image file from conventional plain radiographic films for PACS. In this study, we quantitatively assessed the characteristics of film digitizer for both laser and CCD camera-based type used in Severance hospital. We created three test films to measure the quality of digitized images. The test films were then digitized by both laser and CCD camera-based film digitizer. Finally, the image files were transferred to the PC in which spatial resolution, contrast, and uniformity were evaluated. We also measured digitization time to evaluate the speed of digitizer. Modulation transfer function (MTF) was measured to evaluate the spatial resolution. Contrast was evaluated by measuring of useful range of optical density (OD). Contrast uniformity was calculated by the percentage of difference between minimum and maximum pixel values on the digitized images. Spatial resolution of laser digitizer was ~~5.0cycles/mm, while that of CCD-based unit was ~~1.5cycles/mm of spatial resolution at 10% of MTF. Useful range of OD for CCD unit was ~~77%, while that for laser unit was 100%. Contrast uniformities of laser unit were better than those of CCD-based unit. Digitization time was ~~10sec/film using CCD unit, and ~~60sec/film using LASER unit at film size of 17x14 inches. Laser digitizer can provide relatively higher image quality, while CCD-based unit has the advantage of higher speed than laser unit.
Radiology Information Systems ; X-Ray Film

The ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a rare but serious complication of ovulation induction therapy with gonadotropin. The pathogenesis of OHSS is unclear, but the proposed mechanisms are the production of vasoactive substances that increase local capillary permeability resulting in shifting of fluid from the intravascular space to the third space. The clinical manifestations varies from ascites, hypovolemia, oliguria, hemoconcentration, thromboembolism, and even death. We have experienced a case of severe OHSS with severe ascites, pleural effusion and bilateral enlarged ovaries associated with spontaneous pregnancy without any ovarian stimulation for ovulation induction.
Ascites ; Capillary Permeability ; Female ; Gonadotropins ; Hypovolemia ; Oliguria ; Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome* ; Ovary ; Ovulation Induction* ; Ovulation* ; Pleural Effusion ; Pregnancy* ; Thromboembolism

PURPOSE: Hemodialysis remains the most important support for patients with end stage renal disease, and vascular access is an essential component for their life. Since 1966, internal arteriovenous fistula (AVF) has been used widely today. If vessels were not available for AVF, the alternative would be used such as prosthetic graft. But in 1997, the National Kidney Foundation-Dialysis Outcome and Quality Initiative (DOQI) recommended increased use of native arteriovenous fistula to improve overall patency and curtail angioaccess costs. This retrospective study is to review our experience and to evaluate the overall patency rate and the influencing factors on the patency of the AVF. METHOD: From March 1995 through October 2000, 111 fistulas were created of 111 patients in Eulji university hospital. Among them, 106 cases were able to follow up survey. The statistical analysis used by SPSS package. RESULT: The male versus female ratio was 1.22:1 and the age distribution was occurred on from 3rd decade to 9th decade. the common causes of renal failure was hypertension, glomerulonephritis and diabetes (62.1%). the autogenous graft fistulas were performed in 101 cases (wrist/antecubital fossa. 101/3), Goretex graft fistula were 7 cases. The early graft failures were 12 cases (11.4%) and the causes was thrombosis or stricture, and immaturation, psudoaneurysm, venous hypertension in order of frequency. At 12, 24, 36 months, the assisted patency rates of AVF were 80.4, 76.5, 71.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: We could get higher patency rate of AVF due to liberal use of native veins and aggressive intervention of the failing AVF as recommendation of DOQI.
Age Distribution ; Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Female ; Fistula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glomerulonephritis ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Kidney ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Male ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Retrospective Studies ; Thrombosis ; Transplants ; Veins