Apraclonidine is a potent alpha-adrenergic agonist that, like clonidine, is relatively selective for alpha-2 receptors. Apraclonidine has been shown to lower intraocular pressure by diminishing aqueous humor formation. The purpose of this study is to know the morphological changes in the ciliary epithelium by apraclonidine against aqueous formation. In group I, two drops of 1% apraclonidine hydrochloride were instilled on the right eye of the pigmented rabbits and the eyes were enucleated on 1,2.6 and 24 hours after instillation to find out the duration of action of the drug and the tissue response. In group II, one drop was instilled twice daily for seven days on the right eye and the eyes were enucleated on 1, 2 and 5 days after cessation of the instillation observing the cumulative effect of the drug and the tissue response. These eyes were studied with electron mIcroscopIc examiation. As a result, widening of cell membranes(basal infoldings) of the non-pigmented epithelium(NPE) were observed. This change was recovered with time, and seems to be the principal morphological changes of apraclonidine against aqueous formation in the ciliary body. In group II, the cellular changes were minimal except for well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum representing resumed secretary function of the cell.
Rabbits ; Animals

Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome is a disease characterized by corneal endothelial degeneration, corneal edema, peripheral anterior synechia, iris stromal change, and secondary glaucoma. This syndrome is considered to have three major variations: Chandler's syndrome, progressive (essential) iris atrophy, and Cogan-Reese syndrome. We experienced three cases of iridocorneal endothelial syndrome with transient intraocular pressure elevation.

PURPOSE: This study assessed the effect of chemotherapy over stage II colon cancer in terms of presence of high-risk factors.METHODS: Data were retrospectively reviewed for 364 patients with stage II colon cancer who underwent curative surgery between January 2007 and December 2012. High-risk factors of stage II colon cancer were examined, and the overall survival (OS) rates were analyzed. Survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy was also analyzed.RESULTS: One hundred and fifteen cases had exclusively single high-risk factor and 194 cases were negative for high-risk factors. Postoperative chemotherapy was performed in 262 of 364 patients (72.0%). The 5-year OS was 79.4% and 86.6% for patients without adjuvant chemotherapy and those with chemotherapy, respectively. The 5-year OS was 88.2% and 83.3% for patients having exclusively single high-risk factor with adjuvant chemotherapy and those without chemotherapy, respectively.CONCLUSION: Adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with stage II colon cancer having exclusively single high-risk factor could be omitted, weighing up the survival benefit and side effect of chemotherapy.
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Analysis

Nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (NSIAD) is a rare X-linked genetic condition caused by a gain-of-function mutation of arginine vasopressin receptor 2 gene, AVPR2. We report the case of a male neonate diagnosed with NSIAD based on his DNA sequence of the AVPR2 gene and the clinical course. He demonstrated a complete correction of hyponatremia using oral urea. We suggest that (1) sequencing analysis of the AVPR2 gene ought to be done in newborns with prolonged euvolemic hyponatremia, hypo-osmolality, high urinary sodium and normal/low or undetectable AVP levels, and that (2) oral urea is a safe and effective treatment option in infants diagnosed with NSIAD until the patients are grown-up.

PURPOSE: This study is to see chemotherapeutic results followed by Rotational Combination Chemotherapy (R-11 protocol) treatment for the patients with late relapse of childhood ALL six months after the completion of chemotherapy. METHODS: The subjects of study were the 13 children who had been diagnosed as ALL at the Severance Hospital and the Wonju Christian Hospital and completed the chemotherapy. They, however, diagnosed a late relapse of ALL between December, 1996 and December, 2001. After that, they were given an chemotherapy with R-11 protocol. RESULTS: The average age of the 13 patients was 11.8 ( 2.8) years old at relapse. They showed the complete remission (8 patients, 61%), partial remission (4, 31%), and induction failure (1, 8%). The total remission ratio was 92%. Four year Event Free Survival (EFS) after the second remission was 61.5%. They also showed acute toxicity during remission induction with severe than grade III according to the WHO criteria. The leukopenia and thrombocytopenia (hematologic toxicity) were seen at 11 cases (84%) and 9 cases (69%) respectively, and hepatotoxicity (non-hematologic toxicity) was shown at 6 cases (46%). There are also chronic toxicity, one case developed leukomalacia, and 6 cases did various symptoms of infections. CONCLUSION: There is no optimal chemotherapeutic protocol for late relapse of childhood ALL, and the treatment with R-11 protocol is worth a trial.
Child ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy* ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Leukopenia ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Recurrence* ; Remission Induction ; Thrombocytopenia

Although uncommon, hemorrhage can be a complication of low grade glioma with an unfavorable prognosis such as transformation to higher grade glioma. To our knowledge, hemorrhagic recurrence of World Health Organization Grade II, diffuse astrocytoma without malignant transformation has not been reported. Thus, we report a case of diffuse astrocytoma with hemorrhagic recurrence without malignant transformation. The patient had undergone craniotomy and tumor removal 7 years previously. Annual follow-up MRIs had shown evidence of slow tumor recurrence. With the sudden onset of seizure, the patient was diagnosed as hemorrhagic recurrence and underwent second tumor removal highly suspecting malignant change into higher grade glioma. Histopathology confirmed diffuse astrocytoma without malignant changes. As the patient's postoperative condition was excellent, we plan to withhold chemotherapy and radiation therapy for use as a later treatment option.
Astrocytoma* ; Craniotomy ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glioma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prognosis ; Recurrence* ; Seizures ; World Health Organization

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an acquired autoimmune disease that's characterized by subepidermal vesicles and bullae. The etiology for BP is mostly idiopathic, but numerous observations have suggested the role of certain drugs in the occurrence of bullous pemphigoid. Drugs such as penicillamine, furosemide, captopril, enalapril, sulfasalazine and ampicilline have been reported to be associated with bullous pemphigoid. We report here on a new case of bullous pemphigoid that was probably induced by ticlopidine (thienopyridine, adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitor) in a 78 year old female patient.
Adenosine Diphosphate ; Ampicillin ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Blister ; Captopril ; Enalapril ; Female ; Furosemide ; Humans ; Pemphigoid, Bullous ; Penicillamine ; Sulfasalazine ; Ticlopidine

Diabetic nephropathy is a common and serious complication in diabetic patients. Renal diseases other than diabetic nephropathy (non-diabetic nephropathy) can occur in diabetic patients with nephrosis. The presence of non-diabetic nephropathy is noted in type 2 diabetes patients, but no data exists for type 1 diabetes. In this report we describe the case of a 15-year-old girl with type 1 diabetes mellitus, who presented with an acute elevation of urinary microalbumin excretion, general edema, and liver enzyme elevation. She had shown microalbuminuria about 3 years earlier, as well as an uncontrolled hemoglobin A1c level, but she had no diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy. A renal biopsy was conducted, and she was diagnosed with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. She was treated with corticosteroids and an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor.
Adolescent ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Biopsy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Edema ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Liver ; Nephrosis ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A

No abstract available.
Blepharoplasty*

No abstract available.
Central Nervous System ; Epilepsy ; Sarcoidosis