The Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome is characterized by multiple telangiectasic lesions usually involving the mucous membranes, face and distal extremities. It is a congenital malformation inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and the lesions usually appear during adulthood. The major symptoms are recurrent epistaxis and gastrointestinal bleeding, but they may cause intracranial hemorrhage at the white matter of the brain stem, cerebellum and diencephalon. We report a case of typical autosomal dominant trait Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome associated with intracranial hemorrhage at the right basal ganglia.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain Stem ; Cerebellum ; Diencephalon ; Epistaxis ; Extremities ; Hemorrhage ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Mucous Membrane ; Stroke ; Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic

Hemiplegic gait is characterized by slow and poorly coordinated movements of the affected limb resulting from foot drop or equinus deformities. Ankle-foot orthoses(AFO) are frequently prescribed to improve the gait pattern of hemiplegics. Plastic AFO with different trimlines in controlling ankle motion can cause variable biomechanical effects. In this study, we analysed the biomechanical effect of donning AFO on hemiplegic gait and assessed whether any differences resulted when the AFO was modified. Gait events, plantar pressure, foot contact and centers of pressure(COP) parameters were measured with F-scan pressure sensitive insole system in 21 hemiplegic stroke patients with Brunnstrom's lower extremity stage 3. And those parameters were compaired in each of four different conditions: 1) before donning AFO, 2) donning AFO without any modification, 3) donning AFO with the dis tal part of metatarsal head trimmed off, 4) donning AFO with third condition and weaning a cushioned heel shoes. After donning AFO, total contact area and contact width were increased, and initial contact COP and mean COP were displaced medially. But contact length was not changed and initial contact COP and mean COP were not displaced anteroposteriorly. Anteroposterior displacement of COP, slope and velocity of COP were not also changed after donning AFO. Among various AFO adjustments, there were no significant changes of plantar pressure, foot contact and COP parameters. The results suggest that 1) AFO provides mediolateral stability, but does not provide additional functional rocker actions during stance phase and 2) There were no definite different biomechanical actions among various adjustments of plastic AFO in hemiplegic gait of Brunnstrom's lower extremity stage 3.
Ankle* ; Equinus Deformity ; Extremities ; Foot Orthoses* ; Foot* ; Gait ; Gait Disorders, Neurologic* ; Head ; Heel ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Metatarsal Bones ; Plastics ; Shoes ; Stroke ; Weaning

Palatal tremor is a rare disorder characterized by involuntary rhythmic movements of the soft palate. Palatal tremor is devided into symptomatic palatal tremor(SPT) and essential palatal tremor(EPT) on the basis of clinical features. SPT is associated with brain stem or cerebellar disease, whereas the EPT has no known etiology. Reverberant neural activity in the region of the brain stem or cerebellum within the Guillain-Mollaret triangle is believed to underlie SPT. We present a case of SPT associated with cerebellar lesion. Electromyographic recording from the levator veli palatini muscle and voice spectrogram analysis showed abnormal bursting activity time locked to the palatal movements. Botulinum toxin was injected into the levator veli palatini muscle to reduce the voice tremor. The pathology and management of this condition is briefly discussed.
Botulinum Toxins ; Brain Stem ; Cerebellar Diseases ; Cerebellum ; Hemorrhage* ; Palate, Soft ; Pathology ; Tremor* ; Voice

Canalicular occlusion with silicone plug was carried out in 11 patient, 21 eyes with dry eye syndrome and the effect and safety of the procedure were evaulated. Artificial tears were discontinued or frequency of instillation was reduced in 66.6% of eyes after occlusion of canaliculi. There were no stastiscally significant differences in the mean value of B.U.T. and Schirmer test pre-and post-canalicular occlusion. There were no cases of postoperative epophora, allergic reaction and infection.
Dry Eye Syndromes ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Silicones

The purpose of this study is to investigate the morphologic changes of the sinusoidal endothelial cells and the associated structures of the cirrhotic rat liver induced by repeat intraperitoneal injections of N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) (100 mg/kg/week). One day to 6 weeks later, rat livers were observed under the light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and immunostained with laminin antibody. Two weeks after DEN treatment, the fibrillar material in Disse's space was noted, and then a basement membrane-like structure was found at 4 weeks after treatment. Laminin was detected in perisinusoidal areas after 4 weeks. Laminin was strongly positive on the fibrous septum and in the sinusoidal wall of cirrhotic nodules after 6 weeks of treatment. The diameters and numbers of sinusoidal endothelial fenestrations did not change significantly until 2 weeks. They decreased within 4 weeks, and then the sinusoidal endothelium was poorly fenestrated at 6 weeks after DEN treatment. These results suggest that as fibrosis develops in cirrhosis, the deposit of extracellular matrix such as laminin within Disse's space is a major contributing factor in the structural alteration of sinusoidal endothelial cells, and the capillarization of the sinusoidal endothelial cells may be a contributor to impairment of the hepatic function in cirrhosis.
Rats ; Animals

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is a component of agent orange, which was spread during Vietnam War. Due to the toxicity of this agent, several diseases may be occuring today, potentially causing social problem. The author tried to take as preliminary information for a further clinical study by examining whether 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid makes any change in the retina of a white rat histopathologically. The objects were 6 white rats of 200-300 gm in weight. After diluting 40% 2,4dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, it was injected intraperitoneally into the rats at the levels of 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg of agent. The eyeballs of the each groups were enucleated on 24 hours and 3 days and examinated with an electron microscope. Histopathological changes in the retina were characterized by the degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelial cells, the photoreceptor cells, and the choriocapillaris. To prove that 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid injures human retina, experiments with futher various plans and epidemiological surveys should be provided.
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ; Animals ; Citrus sinensis ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal* ; Photoreceptor Cells ; Rats* ; Retina* ; Retinaldehyde ; Social Problems ; Vietnam

No abstract available.
Citrobacter* ; Enterobacter*

We built a mathematical model of the eye based on the method of Robinson and improved it. It was programmed with C language. With this model several types of paralytic strabismus including superior oblique paralysis, oculomotor nerve paralysis and double elevator paralysis were simulated. Then we performed various surgical procedures such as recession, resection of horizontal recti, transposition, myectomy. Scott's procedure on these simulated squints and analyzed the results. We tried to show the usefulness and limitation of simulation.
Elevators and Escalators ; Models, Theoretical* ; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases ; Paralysis ; Strabismus*

We built a mathematical model of the eye based on the method of Robinson and improved it. It was programmed with C language. With this model several types of paralytic strabismus including superior oblique paralysis, oculomotor nerve paralysis and double elevator paralysis were simulated. Then we performed various surgical procedures such as recession, resection of horizontal recti, transposition, myectomy. Scott's procedure on these simulated squints and analyzed the results. We tried to show the usefulness and limitation of simulation.
Elevators and Escalators ; Models, Theoretical* ; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases ; Paralysis ; Strabismus*

No abstract available.
Escherichia coli* ; Escherichia*