Child ; Humans ; Masturbation ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Qi ; Syndrome ; Yin-Yang

AIM: To investigate the influence of ischemic preconditioning on heart function, the activities of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), malondialdehyde(MDA), and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) after ischemia/reperfusion in isolated rat heart. METHODS: The model of Langendorff was used in isolated rat heart perfusion. Ischemic preconditioning protocol: stopping perfusion for 5 minutes and reperfusion for 5 minutes, repeating three times. Ischemia protocol: stopping perfusion for 40 minutes and reperfusion for 20 minutes. Indexes of heart function were recorded in control group, ischemia and reperfusion group(IR), and ischemic preconditioning group(IPC). The content of LDH of coronary effluent was measured. Moreover, the content of MDA and activity of HO-1 in myocardium were also measured. RESULTS: The recovery percentage of heart function in IPC group was significantly higher than that in IR group(P

OBJECTIVEThis study observed the curative effect of sustained negative pressure drainage application on treatment of severe maxillofacial and neck space infection.

METHODSIncision and drainage were performed to treat 18 patients with severe maxillofacial and neck space infection. A small incision was made on the site of the most obvious swelling or fluctuations, and localized negative pressure was applied with a drainage device on the wound during suturing.

RESULTSAmong the 18 patients, 14 were healed, whereas 4 underwent dehiscence of the wound after the operation. Negative pressure was lost as the drainage tubes were removed, and non-negative pressure drainage method was used instead. During the negative pressure treatment, swelling and pain did not increase after the operation. Other complications, such as asphyxia, septic shock, or mediastinal abscess, did not occur. All the patients were healed and eventually discharged from the hospital.

CONCLUSIONSustained negative pressure drainage, which is a modified version of the traditional method of incision and drainage, is an alternative treatment for severe maxillofacial and neck space infection. Such treatment reduces patient pain and eases doctor exertion. Thus, this method provides a new therapeutic strategy for severe maxillofacial and neck space infection.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of children's Pseudo-Bartter syndrome(PBS) in order to enhance physician's understanding of the disease.Methods Nine children with PBS who were admitted into Beijing Children's Hospital from Nov.2008 to Sep.2013 were selected as research subjects.A retrospective study was carried out with the clinical data and the outcome of treatment.Results 1.Clinical characteristics:there were 9 cases in this group including 5 male and 4 female.The patients' age ranged from 4 months to 8 years 8 months.The most common cause of children's PBS was gastrointestinal symptoms(such as diarrhea and vomiting) induced by respiratory tract infection (7/9 cases).Six patients had no striking clinical manifestations,and hypokalemia was found in the treatment of primary disease.2.Laboratory tests:All of the children in this group had hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis in varying degrees.The activation of renin,angiotensin and aldosterone system increased.3.Therapy:all children were treated by giving potassium supplemental treatment or indomethacin therapy [1 mg/(kg · d),3 times orally].After treatment,all cases achieved clinical improvement and normal blood electrolytes.All patients' blood electrolytes remained normal for 5 to 7 days after stopping treatment.Conclusions 1.In China,the most common cause of children's PBS is gastrointestinal symptoms(such as diarrhea and vomiting) induced by respiratory tract infection.2.Except for clinical manifestations related to causes,patients have no significant clinical manifestations.Hypokalemia can be found in the treatment of primary disease.3.The biochemical results show low blood potassium chloride with metabolic alkalosis.In PBS renin,angiotensin and aldosterone concentration in blood are all elevated.4.Treatment of children's PBS mainly includes etiological treatment and electrolyte supplement therapy.The treatment effectiveness is good after etiological treatment and potassium supplement treatment.In the condition of controlling etiology and potassium supplementation,electrolytes mas return to normal in 2-4 days.

Objective To observe the changes of zymophagy during experimental acute pancreatitis (AP) induced by caerulein.Methods Pancreatic acinar cell line AR42J cells were cultured in 6-well plates till 90％ confluent and then divided into AP group and control group.Caerulein (1 × 10-8 mol/L) was added into AP group to establish AP cell model,and 1640 cell culture medium was added into control group.After caerulein treated for one,four,six,eight,12 and 24 hours,cells and cell culture supernatant were collected.The levels of cytokine interleukin (IL)-1,tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α,trypsinogen activation (TAP) and amylase were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.The expression of LC3 and Beclin1 at mRNA of each group were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The LC3B protein level of each group were detected by Western blotting.The changes of autophagosome and zymophagosome were observed by transmission electron microscopy.The difference between AP group and control group was analyzed by analysis of variance.Results The level of IL-1,TNFα,amylase and TAP in cell culture supernatant of control group was (18.83±7.10) pg/mL,(14.20±3.79) pg/mL,(10.03±2.85) U/L and (39.48±8.62) pg/mL,respectively.Those of AP group significantly increased at first hour ((62.13±11.25) pg/mL,F=3.32,P＜0.01 ; (30.98±7.11) pg/mL,F=3.05,P＜0.05; (25.06±6.82) U/L,F=2.90,P＜0.05 and (128.51± 18.30) pg/mL),F=2.62,P＜0.01,at fourth or sixth hour reached peak (IL-1 at fourth hour:(71.96± 15.82) pg/mL,F=7.25,P＜0.01;TNFα at sixth hour:(39.92±8.94) pg/mL,F=4.93,P＜0.05; amylase at fourth hour:(28.83 ± 8.31) U/L,F=2.06,P＜0.05; TAP at fourth hour:(146.29± 29.36) pg/mL,F=0.14,P＜0.01) and then gradually decreased.At fourth and sixth hour,the expression of LC3 at mRNA level in AP group was 3.18±0.82,1.71±0.14,respectively,while the expression of Beclin-1 rnRNA at first,fourth hour was 2.44±0.34 and 4.13±0.30,all of them were significantly increased compared with those of control group (0.21±0.04 and 0.30±0.08,LC3 mRNA F=0.79、0.06; Beclin mRNA F=2.31、0.36,all P＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences at other time points.The numbers of autophagosome and zymophagosome of AP group were significantly higher than those of control group under transmission electron microscopy.Conclusion Zymophagy occurred during AP cell model induced by caerulein,which suggested that zymophagy might involve in the mechanism of AP.

Background:Damage of intestinal mucosal barrier is a key factor in the development and progress of acute pancreatitis(AP),and is closely related with the prognosis of the disease. Aims:To investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of mucoprotective agent teprenone on intestinal mucosal barrier in rats with experimental AP. Methods:Forty-five adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group(n = 5),AP model group(n = 20)and teprenone treated group(n = 20). AP model was established by subcutaneous injection of cerulein at abdominal wall. Rats in treated group were intervened with teprenone intragastrically before and after model establishment. ELISA was used for measurement of serum interleukin-1(IL-1),IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and amylase;histopathological and ultrastructural changes of small intestinal mucosa were observed by light microscope and transmission electron microscope;Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of tight junction protein occludin and ZO-1. Results:Serum levels of IL-1,IL-6,TNF-α and amylase in AP model group were significantly higher than those in normal control group(P < 0. 05),accompanied by necrosis and exfoliation of small intestinal villus,widening of intercellular tight junctions and downregulation of occludin and ZO-1 expression. While in teprenone treated group,serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines and amylase were significantly decreased as compared with AP model group(P < 0. 05),the villus of small intestine remained intact,and dense tight junctions were observed. Expressions of occludin and ZO-1 in teprenone treated group were upregulated. Conclusions:Teprenone may protect against intestinal mucosal barrier injury in AP model rats by upregulating tight junction protein expression.

Objective To investigate the changes of blood coagulation indices during the percutaneous cor-onary intervention(PCI), so as to provide evidence for anticoagulation therapy. Methods 34 acute coronary syn-drome patients were enrolled,whose blood sample was taken at baseline,1 h,4 h,24 h,and 48 h after PCI operation. Thrombin-antithrombin complex(TAT), vWF, protein C, antithrombin, fibrinogen, D-dimer were tested. The result was processed by statistical software. Results After PCI, TAT continued to rise, protein C and antithrombin drop down,the vWF and D-dimer rose with TAT,and fibrinogen transiently drop down. Conclusion The thrombin pro-duces more quickly after PCI,its time phrase is coordinated with vWF and D-dimer,at the same time the anticoagula-tion system drops down. High anticoagulation at least maintains within 48 h and then tends to be normal.

PurposeThe restriction of strain ratio (SR) in the diagnosis of thyroid malignant tumor are caused mainly because of disadvantages including low sensitivity, in this research the authors used different calculation methods of strain ratio based on the size of tumors, to explore the clinical application value of them on the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Materials and Methods Data of 336 patients with thyroid nodule (340 nodules) who underwent elasticity imaging and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration were retrospective analyzed, with the pathology combined follow up acted as golden standards, fixed surface area assay and true surface area assay of strain ratio were compared on the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules with various size.Results Among 340 thyroid nodules, there were 91 small nodules and 249 big nodules. Pathological results showed that 36 of 91 small nodules and 104 of 249 big nodules were malignant, while the others were benign. The true surface area assay was significantly better for the diagnosis of smaller thyroid nodules with longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter<8 mm with higher consistency with pathology (χ2=20.89,P<0.01), and fixed surface area assay is more suitable of thyroid nodules with longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter>8mm (χ2=57.08,P<0.01). The sensitivity, specificity and consistency for the diagnosis of malignant nodules of true surface area assay were 57.10%, 83.00% and 72.30% (Kappa=0.413), which were 73.60%, 85.00% and 72.30% (Kappa=0.590) in the fixed surface area assay, and 85.00%, 85.50% and 85.30% (Kappa=0.699) in the selective usage of two methods according to the tumor size, respectively.Conclusion The sensitivity is highest when using the two methods selectively according to the nodule size, with a better consistence rate with pathological results as well.

Objective To investigate the significance of T‐SPOT .TB and real‐time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis .Methods Among the 125 cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis group ,all the 125 cases were performed in accordance with the acid fast bacilli smear ,TB‐PCR and T‐SPOT .TB detection .87 cases of Non‐tuberculosis disease group were detected .Results Among 125 cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis ,4 cases were positive for acid fast bacilli smear and the positive rate was 3 .2% ;57 cases were positive byTB‐PCR and the positive rate was 45 .6% ;96 cases were positive by T‐SPOT .TB and the positive rate was 76 .8% .wo methods were detected in104 cases of positive patients ,the positive rate was 83 .2% .3 cases were positive by TB‐PCR and the positive rate was 3 .4% in 87 cases with non tuberculosis disease group . 4 cases were positive by T‐SPOT .TB and the positive rate was 4 .6% .Conclusion Here is an important practical value in the diag‐nosis of T‐SPOT .TB detection technology in extra pulmonary tuberculosis ,and TB‐PCR joint detection could further improve the detection rate of pulmonary tuberculosis .

Objective To investigate the temporal expression patterns of the related transcription factors and target genes in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy,and provide valuable clues for further researches on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.Methods Isoproterenol (ISO) was used to induce ventricular myocytes hypertrophy in neonatal mice.The survival rate of cardiomyocyte was detected by CCK-8,and the average diameters and surface areas of cells were measured by computer photograph analysis system.The mRNA and protein expression levels of related genes were respectively measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting.Results The model of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy stimulated by ISO was constructed successfully.The expression levels of GATA4,MEF2C,GATA5,BNP and ANP increased 24 hours after ISO treatment,the expression levels of P300,α-MHC and TBX5 increased 12 hours after ISO treatment,and of SRF and β-MHC mRNA increased 6 hours after ISO treatment (P＜0.05).The expression levels of GATA4,α-MHC,β-MHC,SRF and P300 mRNA increased firstly,and then decreased in cardiomyocytes induced by ISO.The expression levels of GATA4,SRF,α-MHC,β-MHC and P300 mRNA were still higher than normal (P＜0.05),but of MEF2C decreased to normal (P＞0.0S) 72 hours after ISO treatment.The expression levels continuously elevated of GATA5,TBX5,ANP and BNP mRNA than that of controls (P＜0.05),while no fluctuation was found in NKX2.5 mRNA expression (P＞0.05).The expression of GATA4 protein increased,while of HEY2 protein decreased 48 hours after ISO treatment (P＜0.05).Conclusions In hypertrophic cardiomyocytes,the expression pattern of MEF2C is similar to,but the patterns of GATA5,GATA4,TBX5 and SRF are different with that in the development of heart,implying these genes are important during the process from compensatory stage to decompensation stage.The expression patterns of GATA4,MEF2C and SRF are similar to that of acetylase P300,implying the temporal expressions could be regulated by P300 in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.