Eleven cases of arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis were reviewed. Average age of patients was 59 years, 4 male and 7 female. Underlying diseases were osteoarthritis in 7 cases, rheumatoid arthritis in 3 cases and one post-traumatic arthritis. At the mean follow up of 15 months, fusion rate was 100%, mean time to complete union was 9.5 weeks. There were no complications such as nonunion, infection and skin problems. All patients stayed at the hospital just overnight after the surgery. Patients satisfaction was high and the functional clinical grade was excellent in 9 patients, good in 1 patient and fair in 1 patient. We concluded that arthroscopic technique was a simple and effective method for ankle arthrodesis in the selected patients and had significant advantages over the open technique.
Ankle* ; Arthritis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Arthrodesis* ; Arthroscopy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Osteoarthritis ; Skin

Although commercialization of mobile phones has raised much concerns about the effects of radiofrequency radiation on the human body, few experimental studies have been conducted on the effects of radiofrequency radiation on physiological homeostasis, immune and inflammatory responses. Therefore, we presently investigated the effect of 835 MHz radiofrequency radiation on spontaneous wheel exercise, hormone and cytokines levels in the plasm of mice. Mice were divided into 4 groups as control, exercise, radiofrequency radiation, radiofrequency radiation & exercise group. The body weight, corticosterone and blood cytokine levels were checked for 10 weeks. Followed by the exposure to radiofrequency radiation for 6 hours a day, the more increase in body weight was observed in the radiofrequency radiation & exercise group than in the spontaneous exercise group. When the amount of spontaneous exercise was measured for 10 weeks, the amount of exercise was increased in the both control and spontaneous exercise group, while the amount of exercise was decreased in the radiofrequency radiation group. To determine whether the homeostasis, immune and inflammatory responses are indirectly affected by radiofrequency radiation exposure, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 (p70), TNF-α, IFNγ, and GM-CSF were measured by ELISA kit, respectively. As a result, the blood levels of IL-6, IL-12 (p70) and TNF-α in the spontaneous exercise group were higher than that of control group, and each cytokine levels in the radiofrequency radiation & exercise group were lower than that of control group. However, the corticosterone, IL-1β, IFNγ and GM-CSF didn't show statistically significant differences in all groups. It has been confirmed that exposure to high frequency electromagnetic waves for a long time can affect the amount of exercise, body weight, and some inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-12 (p70) and TNF-α.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Cell Phones ; Corticosterone* ; Cytokines* ; Electromagnetic Radiation ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Homeostasis ; Human Body ; Interleukin-12 ; Interleukin-6 ; Mice* ; Radiation Exposure

The blood management act was revised on December 4, 2020, to enhance transfusion management and has been established in accordance with the department of transfusion management in the medical institution. The department of transfusion management is involved in education related to transfusion, transfusion monitoring, and ward rounding. The department of transfusion management is essential for promoting the stability and safety of transfusions. This paper aims to help the department of transfusion management operation by sharing the experience of the department of transfusion management.

Intralymphatic histiocytosis (ILH) is a rare cutaneous condition with uncertain pathogenesis. It is characterized by dilated lymphatic vessels that contain histiocytes within their lumina. Although the etiology of ILH remains unknown, it has been associated with various inflammatory and neoplastic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), reaction to metal joint implants and Merkel cell carcinoma, breast cancer and colon cancer. An 83-year-old female presented with an erythematous patch on the left forearm that had appeared six months previous. She had suffered from osteoarthritis (OA) and the cutaneous lesion was located in the vicinity of the affected joint. Skin biopsy from the lesion showed dilated dermal vessels and some ectatic vessels that contained many mononuclear histiocytes. Based on the clinical and histopathological findings, we diagnosed her with ILH with OA. Two sessions of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection (5 mg/ml) were administered to treat the skin lesion, which gradually improved over a period of a few months. We here report a rare case of ILH associated with degenerative OA.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sleep problems in Korean elementary school children and the differences in sleep problems related to their school grade and gender. METHODS: One public elementary school in Dae-gu, Korea was randomly selected. And, parents who agreed to participate this study were asked to complete a modified version of Tucson Children's Assessment of Sleep Apnea screening questionnaire (TuCASA). RESULTS: The most common sleep problem was 'falling asleep in a vehicle (44.2%)' and the prevalence rate of this problem differed by school grade. The prevalence rate of falling asleep while watching TV before 8 P.M. (8.0%), daytime fatigue (21.9%) and nocturnal enuresis during the past 6 months (5.3%) were significantly differed by school grade. The prevalence rate of falling asleep while doing home work, falling asleep during a lesson, snoring and bruxism were 12.6%, 1.0%, 26.7% and 13.2% respectively. Although these rates did not show any differences between grades, snoring was more in boys and daytime fatigue was more in girls.. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that many elementary school children may have various sleep problems. Lower grade elementary schoolers had sleep problems which related to neuro-developmental factors, whereas higher grade elementary schoolers had sleep problems related to sleep deprivation and stress. Finally, more female schooler showed signs of fatigue or sleepiness than male schoolers.
Bruxism ; Child ; Fatigue ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Nocturnal Enuresis ; Parents ; Prevalence ; Sex Characteristics ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Sleep Deprivation ; Snoring ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Purpose: An endoscopic subureteral injection (EI) using a bulking agent is a highly successful surgical procedure, particularly for low-grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Despite the serious adverse effects, routine voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) to determine radiographic success after EI remains controversial. This study evaluated the necessity of routine postoperative VCUG in children with primary low-grade VUR. Materials and Methods: From January 2016 to August 2021, children who underwent EI for primary low-grade (I-III) VUR with a history of febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI) were analyzed retrospectively. From January 2016 to July 2018, routine VCUG following EI was performed on all children. Thereafter, postoperative VCUG was performed only if indicated. Clinical success was defined as no fUTI during a 12-month follow-up, and radiographic success was defined as the disappearance of VUR on postoperative VCUG. The clinical and radiographic outcomes in both groups were compared. Results: Thirty-six children were analyzed in this study. Three children (8.3%) experienced postoperative fUTI. In the routine group, clinical and radiographic success was observed in 16/17 (94.1%) and 15/17 (88.2%), respectively. Two children in the routine group experienced radiographic failure. Among these, one child showed clinical success, and the other underwent additional EI due to clinical failure. Of the indicated group, clinical failure was observed in 2/19 (10.5%). Of them, persistent VUR was identified in one child. Conclusions Clinical and radiologic success after EI for primary low-grade VUR is high, and routine VCUG for confirming radiographic success has a limited impact on the clinical course.

Purpose: An endoscopic subureteral injection (EI) using a bulking agent is a highly successful surgical procedure, particularly for low-grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Despite the serious adverse effects, routine voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) to determine radiographic success after EI remains controversial. This study evaluated the necessity of routine postoperative VCUG in children with primary low-grade VUR. Materials and Methods: From January 2016 to August 2021, children who underwent EI for primary low-grade (I-III) VUR with a history of febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI) were analyzed retrospectively. From January 2016 to July 2018, routine VCUG following EI was performed on all children. Thereafter, postoperative VCUG was performed only if indicated. Clinical success was defined as no fUTI during a 12-month follow-up, and radiographic success was defined as the disappearance of VUR on postoperative VCUG. The clinical and radiographic outcomes in both groups were compared. Results: Thirty-six children were analyzed in this study. Three children (8.3%) experienced postoperative fUTI. In the routine group, clinical and radiographic success was observed in 16/17 (94.1%) and 15/17 (88.2%), respectively. Two children in the routine group experienced radiographic failure. Among these, one child showed clinical success, and the other underwent additional EI due to clinical failure. Of the indicated group, clinical failure was observed in 2/19 (10.5%). Of them, persistent VUR was identified in one child. Conclusions Clinical and radiologic success after EI for primary low-grade VUR is high, and routine VCUG for confirming radiographic success has a limited impact on the clinical course.