OBJECTIVES: To investigate compliance of hypertension patients using modified Theory of Reasoned Action(TRA). METHODS: The data were collected for 7-12 April 1997, by interviewing 190 hypertension patients in Hwachon, Kangwon-do. The analytical techniques employed include contingency table analysis and logit analysis. RESULTS: 15.1% of patients were unaware of the fact that he/she has hypertension and 11.2% did not know that he/she should take drug. 26.8% of patients took drug continuously, 20.1% had drug intermittently, and 53.1% had never have treatment. In the contingency table analysis, several variables were found to be significantly related to patient compliance. They included variables for attitude towards the consequences of taking drugs, normative beliefs, systolic BP at the enrollment, knowledge of how to take hypertensive drugs, variables for general health behavior and experience with having health worker's home visit. The logit analysis was performed by two steps. First step uses experience with drug treatment of hypertension as the dependent variable, and second step uses continuity of treatment. Included in the predictors that are significantly related to the former analysis are subjected norms produced by combining normative beliefs and motivation to comply, knowledge of how to take hypertensive drugs, and opinion about natural recovery of diseases. The only significant determinant of continuous treatment was knowledge of how to take hypertensive drugs. CONCLUSIONS: The results of analysis suggest the usefulness of TRA as a framework for the study of compliance of hypertensive patients. The findings have some practical implication as well. One is that efforts for enhancing compliance should be directed not only patients but also to other persons influencing patient's attitude and behavior. It also suggest that correct understanding of hypertension treatment is essential to perform the appropriate patient role.
Compliance ; Gangwon-do ; Health Behavior ; House Calls ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Motivation ; Patient Compliance*

Mature cystic teratoma of the ovary is the most common ovarian germ cell neoplasm representing 10-20% of all ovarian tumors. Malignant transformation rarely takes place, which is approximately 1-2% of all cases. The most common malignancy arising in mature cystic teratoma is squamous cell carcinoma. The prognosis of malignant transformation developing in mature cystic teratoma is poor and the management is not established due to the rarity of malignant degeneration. A case of stage Ia squamous cell carcinoma which developed in mature cystic teratoma of left ovary in a 43-year-old female is presented. The ovarian tumor was woman's fist-sized with intact capsule. Left oophorocystectomy was done. Above case with a brief review of literature is given.
Adult ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Female ; Germ Cells ; Humans ; Ovary* ; Prognosis ; Teratoma*

A case of intraperitoneal hemorrhage of intraligamentary pregnancy is one of the most unusual accidents in obstetrics and carries a high degree of maternal and fetal morbity and mortality. The diagnosis of intraligamentary pregnancy is rarely ever made prior to laparotomy. We report a case of it with a brief review of literatures concerned.
Diagnosis ; Hemorrhage* ; Laparotomy ; Mortality ; Obstetrics ; Pregnancy*

Malignant germ cell tumor of ovary is very rare and one of the most malignant gynecologic neoplasms usually affecting younger women. we experienced a case of 19-year old female with mixed germ cell tumor of ovary which was composed of endodermal sinus tumor and dysgerminoma. we report this case with a brief review of the literature.
Bleomycin* ; Cisplatin* ; Dysgerminoma ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor ; Etoposide* ; Female ; Genital Neoplasms, Female ; Germ Cells* ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal* ; Ovary* ; Young Adult

Now a days, people eat outside of the home more and more frequently. Menu labeling can help people make more informed decisions about the foods they eat and help them maintain a healthy diet. This study was conducted to develop menu labeling system using Nutri-API (Nutrition Analysis Application Programming Interface). This system offers convenient user interface and menu labeling information with printout format. This system provide useful functions such as new food/menu nutrients information, retrieval food semantic service, menu plan with subgroup and nutrient analysis informations and print format. This system provide nutritive values with nutrient information and ratio of 3 major energy nutrients. MLS system can analyze nutrients for menu and each subgroup. And MLS system can display nutrient comparisons with DRIs and % Daily Nutrient Values. And also this system provide 6 different menu labeling formate with nutrient information. Therefore it can be used by not only usual people but also dietitians and restaurant managers who take charge of making a menu and experts in the field of food and nutrition. It is expected that Menu Labeling System (MLS) can be useful of menu planning and nutrition education, nutrition counseling and expert meal management.
Counseling ; Diet ; Fees and Charges ; Formates ; Meals ; Menu Planning ; Nutritive Value ; Restaurants ; Semantics

Multiple cranial and peripheral neuropathies as a delayed sequellae of ethylene glycol poisoning is a less well known clinical entity and its information about long-term electrophysiological and clinical outcomes is limited. We report a 45-year-old male who presented with acute renal failure and subsequently developed multiple cranial neuropathy, respiratory failure, and flaccid tetraparesis. Through sequential electrophysiological studies, we would like suggest that the main pathophysiology of ethylene glycol-related neuropathy is a demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy with secondary axonal degeneration.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Axons ; Cranial Nerve Diseases* ; Ethylene Glycol* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Poisoning ; Polyneuropathies ; Polyradiculoneuropathy* ; Respiratory Insufficiency

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to assess whether uterine intraendometrial or intramyometrial arterial blood flow impedance in Doppler sonography is related to the outcomes of IVF-ET cycles. METHODS: A total of 24 patients undergoing IVF-ET was recruited for the study. All patients received controlled ovarian hyperstimulation(COH) with GnRH agonist and gonadotropins. Doppler sonographic examinations were performed by using Combison 530(Medison) with 5.5 MHz transvaginal probe. Pulsatility index(PI) was evaluated for uterine, radial, and spiral arteries on the days of hCG administration, oocyte retrieval, and embryo transfer(ET). Serum E2 level was assayed on the hCG day. RESULTS: The overall pregnancy rate after IVF-ET was 29.2%(7/24). There was no significant difference in PI of uterine artery between pregnant and nonpregnant groups, No pregnancy occurred in 4(16.7%) patients without intraendometrial or subendometrial blood flow. Compared with nonpregnant group, PI of radial artery on the hCG day and PI of spiral artery on the hCG and oocyte retrieval days were significantly lower in pregnant group. There were no significant correlations between Serum E level on the hCG day and Pl of any three arteries. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the Doppler sonographic parameter, PI, of intraendometrial and intramyometrial arteries are more useful than that of uterine artery not only in predicting the success of IVF-ET, but also in assessing the endometrial receptivity.
Arteries* ; Electric Impedance ; Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Oocyte Retrieval ; Pregnancy Rate ; Pregnancy* ; Radial Artery ; Serum ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler* ; Uterine Artery

Spontaneous primary medullary hemorrhage is a rare event. A 64-year-old man was admitted for sudden-onset vertigo and vomiting. His clinical features were similar to those of lateral medullary syndrome. The patient had no anticoagulant therapy, vascular malformation, or a caudal extension of a pontine hemorrhage. The patient had multiple hypertensive changes, including retinopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiography, multiple cerebral microbleeds, and small-vessel changes on MRI. T2*-weighted gradient echo MRI performed 3 months prior to admission and contrast-enhanced MRI showed no evidence of vascular malformation. We concluded that the patient had uncontrolled hypertension that may have lead to primary medullary hemorrhage.
Electrocardiography ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Lateral Medullary Syndrome ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Vascular Malformations ; Vertigo ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: The clinical symptoms and signs of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were investigated in patients with diabetes. METHODS: The nondominant hands of 105 consecutive patients with diabetes or CTS were divided into three groups: diabetic CTS, diabetic non-CTS, and nondiabetic CTS. The symptoms of CTS (pain, paresthesias, numbness, awakening, weakness, and clumsiness) were scored using the Global Symptom Score. The following signs of CTS were evaluated: Tinel's sign, Phalen's sign, thenar atrophy, and weakness of the abductor pollicis brevis (APB). The severity of the diabetic neuropathy was evaluated using the Michigan Diabetic Neuropathy Score. The score on the neuropathy scale, number of nerves involved, and the score for each CTS symptom and sign were compared among the groups. RESULTS: The duration of diabetes was longer (p=0.000) and diabetic polyneuropathy was more severe (p=0.014) in the diabetic CTS group than in the diabetic non-CTS group. The mean scores for pain and paresthesias were lower in the diabetic CTS group than in the nondiabetic CTS group (p=0.047 and p=0.049, respectively), whereas the mean scores for numbness and weakness did not differ significantly between these two groups (p=0.528 and p=0.638, respectively). In addition, APB weakness was more frequent whereas Phalen's sign was less frequent in the diabetic CTS group than in the nondiabetic CTS group (p=0.002 and p=0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with diabetic CTS complained less of pain and paresthesias, but their intrinsic hand function did not differ significantly from that of patients with nondiabetic CTS.
Atrophy ; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Michigan ; Paresthesia

PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine the natural history of histologically confirmed IgA nephropathy in pediatric patients who presented with hematuria and proteinuria. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed the clinical course of 57 patients diagnosed with IgA nephropathy at the age of 15 years or younger from 1981 to 2000. All patients presented with hematuria or minimal proteinuria(<40 mg/m2/day) and had normal renal function and blood pressure at the time of renal biopsy. Based on the clinical and pathological findings at the time of diagnosis, we sought for complications of IgA nephropathy such as heavy proteinuria(> or =40 mg/m2/day), hypertension, and chronic renal failure. RESULTS: The mean age at presentation was 9.5+/-2.8 years(4 to 15 years) and 42(74%) were male. Isolated gross hematuria was observed in 20 patients(35%), microscopic hematuria in 3(5%), minimal proteinuria in 4(7%), both gross hematuria and minimal proteinuria in 15(26 %), and both microscopic hematuria and minimal proteinuria in 15(26%). During a median follow-up of 7.0+/-3.5 years, 38(67%) had complete resolution of hematuria and proteinuria, 12(21%) had persistently abnormal urinalysis without development of adverse events. Only 7(12%) developed adverse events:4(7%) developed severe proteinuria, 1(2%) became hypertensive, and 2(3%) developed impaired renal function. By univariate analysis using the chi-square test, the age at presentation(>10 years)(P<0.01) and poor histological classes of the Lee or Haas classification at onset(P<0.05) were significantly correlated with adverse events, whereas sex and clinical signs at onset were less concordant. CONCLUSION: We can conclude that the prognosis of IgA nephropathy diagnosed in early childhood is better and a good correlation exists between the clinical manifestations of this disease and the histological classes.
Biopsy ; Blood Pressure ; Child* ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA* ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Male ; Natural History ; Prognosis* ; Proteinuria ; Urinalysis