No abstract available.
Factor VIII* ; Hemophilia A* ; Humans

A total of 100 Vibrio spp. strains were examined for production of various extracellular enzyme and for plasmid content plasmid were subjected to digestion with restriction enzymes. Most of them produced extracellular enzyme more than one, especially V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholerae non-01 strains were showed production of various extracellular enzymes. About the 55% Vibrio spp. have the plasmid more than one, but a lot of Vibrio spp. (about 45%) did not possess any plasmid. Most of these plasmid various derivatives ranged from 2.4 kb-23 kb, especially two strains of V. mimicus and one strain of V. furnissii carried one high-molecular weight plasmid (molecular weight ranging between 70 kb-100 kb). Results of restriction analysis for plasmid of this three strains were by no means the rule. For detection of tdh and ctx gene, the virulence factor involved in the pathogenesis, we carried out the TDH, CT assay, PCR amplification, and hybridization. A total 11 strains were produced TDH, involved in 4 strains of V. parahaemolyticus and 1 strain of V. cholerae non-01 from clinical isolates and 6 strains of environmental isolates. Nine strains of 11 strains, involved in 4 strains of V. parahaemolyticus and 1 strain of V. cholerae non-01 from clinical isolates and 4 strains of V. parahaemolyticus from environmental isolates, could be successfully amplified in 400 bp by PCR, no amplification products were obtained from TDH-negative strains. The PCR results were consistent with DNA hybridization. In the experiments of ctx gene detection, in all, 3 strains of V. cholerae non-01 from clinical isolate and 1 strains of V. cholerae non-01 from environmental isolate were observed CT- positive. These CT-producing strains amplified in 302 bp by PCR for the detection of ctx gene. All CT-producing strains hybridized with digoxigenin-labeled DNA probe, while CT-negative strains did not hybridize. Also hybridization tests results for detection of ctx gene consistent with PCR.
Cholera ; Digestion ; DNA ; Plasmids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vibrio* ; Virulence Factors* ; Virulence*

Intramedullary nailing has become the most popular fixation method in the treatment of the shaft fractures of long bones especially of tibia and femur because it affords most rigid fixation of fracture via closed method which makes early rehabilitation possible. Nowadays intramedullary nailing of the humeral shaft is being performed by many surgeons with good results. Newer implants and better surgical techniques are being developed, which suggests application of this method can be widened. Purpose of this study was aimed to define whether intramedullary nailing could be an effective method or not in the treatment of humeral shaft fractures by documenting the practical points in the application of intramedullary nailing of humerus, effectiveness in fracture healing, any complications or obstacles. We managed thirteen humeral shaft fractures with closed locked intramedullary nailing with distal fanning devices(Seidel nail) from March 1993 to April 1994. Average follow-up period was 14 months(12 months-18 months). The results were as follows; 1, Union of the fracture was obtained at average 12.9 weeks(9 weeks-20 weeks) postoperatively except one case of nonunion, in which case, union was obtained at postoperative 10 months finally. 2. Among the 13 cases, painful limitation of shoulder motion remained in 6 cases. This complication was more common in the cases with protruded proximal end of the nail. Above results suggest that locked intramedullary nailing seemed to be one of the useful method in the treatment of the humeral shaft fractures. However, destruction and irritation of shoulder by the nail was found to be a grave problem, and we found that further investigations should solve this problem.
Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fracture Healing ; Humerus ; Methods ; Rehabilitation ; Shoulder ; Surgeons ; Tibia

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of sexual rehabilitation education on the knowledge of sexual activities and satisfaction of sexual activities of spinal cord injury clients by the method of Nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest group. The study period was between Jan. 6th and Apr. 11th, 1999. The experimental group was 21 spinal cord injury clients from one general hospital, and the control group was 21 spinal cord injury clients from three University hospital. Sexual rehabilitation education was done with manuals and video-tapes. Education time was 90 minutes a week for 4 weeks. The study tool was 20 questionnaires about sexual knowledge, designed Song, Chung Sook(1990) and 10 questionnaires from Derogatis's Derogatis Sexual Function Inventory for satisfaction of sexual activities(1979) translated by Jang, Soon Boke(1989). Analysis of data was done by x2 -test, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA and simple main effect with SAS/PC. The results are as follows. The 1st. hypothesis, "The group educated about the sexual rehabilitation has more sexual activities knowledge than those of the uneducated group." is significant statistically(F=12.06, p=0.001). The 2nd. hypotheses, "The group educated about the sexual rehabilitation has more satisfaction of sexual activities than those of the uneducated group." is significant statistically(F=5.04, p=0.030). According to the results, sexual rehabilitation education helps spinal cord injury clients to gain knowledge of sexual activities and satisfaction of sexual activities.
Education* ; Hospitals, General ; Music ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation* ; Sexual Behavior* ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord*

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate bradycardia as an adverse effect after administration of dexmedetomidine during 33degrees C target temperature management. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent 33degrees C target temperature management in the emergency department during a 49-month study period. We collected data including age, sex, weight, diagnosis, bradycardia occurrence, target temperature management duration, sedative drug, and several clinical and laboratory results. We conducted logistic regression for an analysis of factors associated with bradycardia. RESULTS: A total of 68 patients were selected. Among them, 39 (57.4%) showed bradycardia, and 56 (82.4%) were treated with dexmedetomidine. The odds ratio for bradycardia in the carbon monoxide poisoning group compared to the cardiac arrest group and in patients with higher body weight were 7.448 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.834-30.244, p = 0.005) and 1.058 (95% CI 1.002-1.123, p = 0.044), respectively. In the bradycardia with dexmedetomidine group, the infusion rate of dexmedetomidine was 0.41 +/- 0.15 microg/kg/h. Decisions of charged doctor's were 1) slowing infusion rate and 2) stopping infusion or administering atropine for bradycardia. No cases required cardiac pacing or worsened to asystole. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the frequent occurrence of bradycardia after administration of dexmedetomidine during 33degrees C target temperature management, bradycardia was completely recovered after reducing infusion rate or stopping infusion. However, reducing the infusion rate of dexmedetomidine lower than the standard maintenance dose could be necessary to prevent bradycardia from developing in patients with higher body weight or carbon monoxide poisoning during 33degrees C targeted temperature management.
Atropine ; Body Weight ; Bradycardia* ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ; Dexmedetomidine* ; Diagnosis ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Hypothermia, Induced ; Logistic Models ; Odds Ratio ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Animals ; Interleukin-2 ; Mice*

Authors presented the serial changes of brain MRI findings in two cases of cryptococcal meningitis. The MRI findings of the first patient (53-year-old female) consisted of dilated Virchow-Robin spaces, leptomeningeal enhancement, cryptococcomas and hydrocephalus. Dilated Virchow-Robin spaces were noted on the first MR obtained 33 days after symptom onset. The size and number of dilated Virchow-Robin space gradually decreased since 119 days after symptom onset (62 days after treatment). Faint leptomeningeal enhancement was found at cerebellar region on the first MRI, which became more distinct and intense on the day 119, probably due to improper treatment. The leptomeningeal enhancement decreased on the day 156. Mild hydrocephalus was noted on MRI obtained 70 days after symptom onset, which markedly aggravated on the day 119. It decreased after steroid therapy alone. Enhancing crytococcomas of variable size were noted at the right temporal lobe and cerebellum on MRI of the day 119, which decreased in size and number on the day 156. On the day 295 MRI showed nearly disppearance of the dilated Virchow-Robin space, but faint leptomeningeal enhancement, cerebellar crytococcomas and hydrocephalus still remained. The MRI findings of the second patient (36-year-old female) showed the findings similar to those of the first patient. Initial MRI obtained 18 days after symptom onset showed no abnormal findings. Dilated Virchow-robin spaces were noted on the day 36 (13 days after treatment onset), which nearly disappeared on the day 109. Enhancing cryptococcomas in both basal ganglia and cerebral cortex and leptomeningeal enhancement were noted on MRI of the day 136. Both cryptococcomas and leptomeningeal enhancement decreased in size and enhancing degree on the day 157. Hydrocephalus was noted on the day 109.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Cerebellum ; Cerebral Cortex ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Meningitis, Cryptococcal ; Temporal Lobe

Authors presented the serial changes of brain MRI findings in two cases of cryptococcal meningitis. The MRI findings of the first patient (53-year-old female) consisted of dilated Virchow-Robin spaces, leptomeningeal enhancement, cryptococcomas and hydrocephalus. Dilated Virchow-Robin spaces were noted on the first MR obtained 33 days after symptom onset. The size and number of dilated Virchow-Robin space gradually decreased since 119 days after symptom onset (62 days after treatment). Faint leptomeningeal enhancement was found at cerebellar region on the first MRI, which became more distinct and intense on the day 119, probably due to improper treatment. The leptomeningeal enhancement decreased on the day 156. Mild hydrocephalus was noted on MRI obtained 70 days after symptom onset, which markedly aggravated on the day 119. It decreased after steroid therapy alone. Enhancing crytococcomas of variable size were noted at the right temporal lobe and cerebellum on MRI of the day 119, which decreased in size and number on the day 156. On the day 295 MRI showed nearly disppearance of the dilated Virchow-Robin space, but faint leptomeningeal enhancement, cerebellar crytococcomas and hydrocephalus still remained. The MRI findings of the second patient (36-year-old female) showed the findings similar to those of the first patient. Initial MRI obtained 18 days after symptom onset showed no abnormal findings. Dilated Virchow-robin spaces were noted on the day 36 (13 days after treatment onset), which nearly disappeared on the day 109. Enhancing cryptococcomas in both basal ganglia and cerebral cortex and leptomeningeal enhancement were noted on MRI of the day 136. Both cryptococcomas and leptomeningeal enhancement decreased in size and enhancing degree on the day 157. Hydrocephalus was noted on the day 109.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Cerebellum ; Cerebral Cortex ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Meningitis, Cryptococcal ; Temporal Lobe

No abstract available.
Trophoblastic Neoplasms* ; Trophoblasts*

Nine patients of clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) were examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.0T. The MS plaques were seen in the brain and spinal cord in eight and three patients. respectively. The frequent sites of MS plaques were periventricular white matter, brain stem, and cervical cord. The shape of most brain MS plaques was round or finger-like configuration. The MS plaques showed high signal intensity on R2 weighted images and low or iso signal intensity on T1 weighted images in all nine cases. Contrast enhancement was seen in 4 cases. Mild brain atrophy was noted in 2 cases and mass effect in 1 case. The sites of cord MS plaques in three patients were C2-C4, C2-C5, and C4-C6 levels respectively. The cord MS plaques showed high signal intensity on T2 weighted image and contrast enhancement on Gd-DTPA enhanced T1 weighted images in all 3cases with mild cord expansion in 2 cases. In conclusion, MRI is a useful diagnostic tool in evaluationg the MS plaques involving central nervous system.
Atrophy ; Brain ; Brain Stem ; Central Nervous System ; Cervical Cord ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Multiple Sclerosis* ; Spinal Cord ; White Matter