The acromioclavicular separation (AC separation) is a common injury, which is often accompanied by the rupture of the coracoclavicular ligament (CC ligament) in severe occasions. In rare forms of AC separation, the fracture of the coracoid process would occur rather than the rupture of the CC ligament. Only 31 cases of such injury have been reported in the English literature. We present 2 additional cases with literature review. The fracture of the coracoid process is not readily seen on anteroposterior shoulder radiograms. Severe AC separation without widening of CC distance on anteroposterior shoulder radiogram heralds the fracture of the coracoid process.
Ligaments ; Rupture ; Shoulder

We present here a case of synovial osteochondroid metaplasia of the elbow joint that was almost mistaken for a fracture. A 21-year-old military recruit complained of pain at the elbow after a minor direct injury. Since the imaging studies, including simple radiographs and CT scans, showed a small bony fragment, an operation was performed under the impression of fracture of the elbow joint. There was no evidence of acute injury such as bleeding or swelling, and excisional biopsy was done. The histopathological findings of osteochondroid metaplasia surrounded by fibrous tissue and synovium led to the pathologic diagnosis of synovial osteochondroid metaplasia. Clinicians should include this tumorous entity in differential diagnosis when a bony fragment is seen on the radiographs of an acutely injured subject.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Elbow ; Elbow Joint ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Metaplasia ; Military Personnel ; Synovial Membrane ; Young Adult

We encountered a rare case of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) associated with dysphonia and dysphagia. An 80 year-old man developed progressive dysphonia and dysphagia. The radiology study, esophagogram and nasopharyngoscopic exam revealed the esophagus and the posterior wall of the nasopharynx to be severely compressed by the unfused osteophyte of the 3rd and 4th cervical intervertebral space. It was thought that the osteophyte formation was caused by not merely DISH but degenerative changes due to a concentration of stress around the unfused hyperostosis. A resection of the osteophyte was performed, which resolved the clinical symptoms. The follow-up radiology study, esophagogram and nasopharyngoscopic exam showed that the osteophyte had disappeared.
Aged, 80 and over ; Deglutition Disorders* ; Dysphonia* ; Esophagus ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperostosis ; Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal* ; Nasopharynx ; Osteophyte

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the results of the autologous osteochondral grafting for the osteochondral lesion of the talus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 21 patient who had been treated with the open autologous osteochondral grafting between December, 1999 and December 2003. We treated the patients with autologous osteochondral grafting method who had the lesion of stage II or medial lesion of stage III without improvement for at least 6 months, the medial lesion of stage IV, the lateral lesion of stage III, IV by Berndt and Harty's classification or who had not improved with previous operation. The average duration of follow up was 26 (12-56) months. 6 patients had been treated with the previous operation that 3 patients with drilling, 3 patients excision, curettage and drilling. RESULTS: The average AOFAS Ankle/Hindfoot score was 92.7 points and no patient had a limitation of the daily activities due to pain or abnormal function. Postoperative radiography showed good joint congruency and postoperative MRI good incorporation of the graft. The average Lysholm knee score was 96 points and only two patients had mild knee pain during severe exertion. CONCLUSION: The autologous osteochondral grafting is the useful operative method when the lesion is advanced stage or when previous operative treatment has failed.
Classification ; Curettage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Radiography ; Talus* ; Transplants*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of oral bovine type II collagen (C II) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Forty-five patients with active RA were enrolled and randomized to receive placebo or oral C II for 3 months. Efficacy parameters were assessed monthly. Cumulative response rates (percentages of patients meeting the criteria for response at anytime during the study) were analyzed utilizing 3 set of composite criteria : Paulus criteria, ACR criteria for improvement in RA, and a requirement for > or = 30% reduction in both swollen and tender joint counts. RESULTS: The C II-treated group (n=25) showed significant higher response rate by the Paulus criteria compared to placebo group (n=20, p=0.04), and MHAQ scores between baseline and 3 months of treatment were also significantly decreased in the C II-treated group (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in tender and swollen joint count, and physician and patient global scores between C II-treated and placebo groups. Only one patient treated with C II had a urticaria 1 week after administration, but no serious side effects were found in the two groups. Patients treated with C II (n=15) showed the decreased levels of circulating IgG antibodies to bovine C II 3 months after treatment (p=0.02), whereas significant changes of IgG antibodies to C II were not found in placebo group (n=12). CONCLUSION: Oral administration of C II was safe and effective for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The finding that serum IgG antibodies to bovine C II was decreased in patients who treated with C II suggest that autoimmune response to C II could be decreased by repetitive administration of C II.
Administration, Oral ; Antibodies ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Autoimmunity ; Collagen Type II* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Joints ; Urticaria

Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is important for prostate cancer (PCa) cell proliferation. Here, we showed that proliferation of hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cells such as LNCaP was significantly enhanced by testosterone stimulation whereas hormone-insensitive prostate cancer cells such as PC3 and VCaP did not respond to testosterone stimulation. Blocking of AR using bicalutamide abolished testosterone-induced proliferation of LNCaP cells. In addition, knockdown of AR blocked testosterone-induced proliferation of LNCaP cells. Basal expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) was elevated in VCaP cells whereas stimulation of testosterone did not affect the expression of LRP6. However, expression of LRP6 in LNCaP cells was increased by testosterone stimulation. In addition, knockdown of LRP6 abrogated testosterone-induced proliferation of LNCaP cells. Given these results, we suggest that androgen-dependent expression of LRP6 plays a crucial role in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cell proliferation.
Cell Proliferation* ; Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Receptors, Androgen ; Testosterone

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) has been proposed as a non-invasive method for estimating the severity of fibrosis and the complications of cirrhosis. Measurement of the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is the gold standard for assessing the presence of portal hypertension, but its invasiveness limits its clinical application. In this study we evaluated the relationship between LSM and HVPG, and the predictive value of LSM for clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) and severe portal hypertension in cirrhosis. METHODS: LSM was performed with transient elastography in 59 consecutive cirrhotic patients who underwent hemodynamic HVPG investigations. CSPH and severe portal hypertension were defined as HVPG > or =10 and > or =12 mmHg, respectively. Linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between LSM and HVPG. Diagnostic values were analyzed based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: A strong positive correlation between LSM and HVPG was observed in the overall population (r2=0.496, P<0.0001). The area under the ROC curve (AUROC) for the prediction of CSPH (HVPG > or =10 mmHg) was 0.851, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for an LSM cutoff value of 21.95 kPa were 82.5%, 73.7%, 86.8%, and 66.7%, respectively. The AUROC at prediction of severe portal hypertension (HVPG > or =12 mmHg) was 0.877, and the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV at LSM cutoff value of 24.25 kPa were 82.9%, 70.8%, 80.6%, and 73.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: LSM exhibited a significant correlation with HVPG in patients with cirrhosis. LSM could be a non-invasive method for predicting CSPH and severe portal hypertension in Korean patients with liver cirrhosis.
Adult ; Aged ; Alcohol-Related Disorders/complications ; Area Under Curve ; *Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; Female ; Hepatitis B/complications ; Hepatitis C/complications ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal/*complications/*diagnosis ; Linear Models ; Liver Cirrhosis/*complications/*diagnosis/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; ROC Curve ; Republic of Korea ; Sensitivity and Specificity