In general, the long head of the biceps brachii originates from the superior glenoid labrum and the supraglenoid tubercle, crosses the rotator cuff interval, and extends into the bicipital groove. However, rare anatomic variations of the origins of the long head have been reported in the past. In this report, we review the clinical history, radiologic findings, and arthroscopic identifications of 3 anatomic variants of the biceps tendon long head. As the detection of long head of biceps tendon pathology during preoperative radiologic assessment can be difficult without prior knowledge, surgeons should be aware of such possible anatomic variations.
Anatomic Variation ; Head* ; Pathology ; Rotator Cuff ; Shoulder ; Tendons

Uterine sarcoma whieh is originated from uterine muscle and/or connective tissues, is very rare malignant tumor and is the most lethel of all primary uterine tumors. This study was undertaken to correlate the clinieal findings, diagnoses, managements and ultimate outcome of each particluar grouy of uterine sarcoma at Depart,ment of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Korea University Hospital. The reaults were as follows, 1. The distribution of uterinesarcomaby histologic type was 5 cases (35.7%) for leiomyosarcoma, 5 cases (35.7%) for endometrial strornal sarcoma and 4 eases (28.6%) for mixed Mullerian tumor, 2. The mean age and yarity were 50.8 years and 3.1. 3. The most common syrrlptorn was irregular vaginal bleeding (64.3%), and lower abdominal pain (21.4%), abdominal palpable mass (14.3%) in order of frequency. 4. The distribution by YIGO clinical atage was 35.7% for stage I, 35.7% for stage II, 7.2% for stage IE and 21.4% for stage lV. The average survival time of each stage of disease was decreased with increasing stage. 5. The mean survival time was decreased with inereasing numbers of mitotic figure per 10 high power fields. 6. The mean survival time according to histologc type was 14.5 months for leiomyoaarcoma, 21.5 months for endometrial stromal marcoma, 5.8 months for malignant mixed Mullerian tumor, respectively.
Abdominal Pain ; Animals ; Connective Tissue ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gynecology ; Korea ; Leiomyosarcoma ; Mice ; Myometrium ; Obstetrics ; Sarcoma* ; Survival Rate ; Uterine Hemorrhage ; Uterus*

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast*

No abstract available.
Ganoderma* ; Pancytopenia*

A 36-year old Korean woman consulted a clinic for a regular gynecological examination, and a mass was noticed in her pelvis. She was referred to the Asan Medical Center, Seoul where transvaginal ultrasonography confirmed a pelvic mass exceeding 10 cm in diameter. She received total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoophorectomy, and a borderline serous neoplasm with micropapillary features involving the left ovary and right ovarian serosa was histopathologically confirmed. In addition, a section of a nematode with numerous eggs was found in the parenchyma of the left ovary. The worm had degenerated but the eggs were well-preserved and were identified as those of Enterobius vermicularis. She is an incidentally recognized case of ovarian enterobiasis.
Adult ; Animals ; Enterobiasis/diagnosis/*parasitology/pathology ; Enterobius/isolation & purification ; Female ; Human ; Korea ; Ovarian Diseases/diagnosis/*parasitology/pathology ; Ovary/parasitology ; Parasite Egg Count

Perfluorocarbon liquids(PFCLs) have recently been used to facilitate surgery in a variety of condition, including proliferative vitreoretinopathy, giant retinal tears, diabetic tractions, retinal detachment with a rhegmatous component, dislocated crystalline lenses. Although the ocular toxicity of PFCLs has been evaluated in a number of animal studies, few reports have focused on ocular complications associated with their clinical use. We evaluated complications of PFCLs as an intraoperative tool in a series of 55 patients. We had used two kinds of PFCLs, Vitreon(perfluorophenanthrene) and DK-line(perfluorodecaline) intraoperatively. 10 eyes had intraoperative complications. Subretinal PFCLs(6 eyes), subretinal hemorrhage(3 eyes), subretinal hemorrhage with subretinal PFCLs(1 eye) were observed. Postoperative complications of PFCLs as an only intraoperative tool were preretinal small dreplets(4 eyes), subretinal small droplets(4 eyes) and small dreplets in anterior chamber(2 eyes). In case of posterior retinal break, careful injection should be considered. Postoperative small residual droplet of perfluorocarbon in sub- and preretinal space did not cause any toxic effects in these patients. But remained droplet in anterior chamber should be removed to avoid significant corneal toxity.
Animals ; Anterior Chamber ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; Lens, Crystalline ; Postoperative Complications ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Perforations ; Traction ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative

Most adenocarcinomas of the colorectum arise in a visible benign precursor lesion, the adenoma, which is a monoclonal proliferation of dysplastic nonmalignant epithelial cells. Adenoma-adenocarcinoma sequence has been represented as the predominat pathogenetic pathway. But a small flat depressed colon cancer is characterized by non-polypoid growth pattem with no association of adenomatous tissues, which has tendency to early submucosal invasion and lymph node metastasis even in very small lesion (<10 mm). It supports de novo carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer, although most colorectal cancerarise in pre-existing adenoma. We report a case of small float colon adenocarcinoma arising in normal colonic epithelium rather than adenomatous polyp in familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Adenoma ; Adenomatous Polyposis Coli* ; Adenomatous Polyps ; Carcinogenesis ; Colon* ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Paroxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) widely used for depression in brain damaged patients as it is known for its few affects on cognition or psychomotor function. Major side effects observed for paroxetine are vertigo, headache and tremor. It is reported that hyponatremia is also rarely observed. In 69 year-old male with left hemiplegia due to cerebral infarction had started taking 20 mg/day of paroxetine for depression. Next day the patient showed severe generalized weakness and decreased consciousness. Laboratory tests showed that serum sodium level was decreased to 102 mEq/L. Paroxetine administration was stopped and 3% sodium and oral furosemide were administered under the diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). We report a case of patient with severe hyponatremia due to SIADH within 2 days after use of paroxetine. This case emphasizes the need to monitor serum sodium level routinely at the initial treatment to prevent hyponatremia.
Brain ; Cerebral Infarction ; Cognition ; Consciousness ; Depression ; Furosemide ; Headache ; Hemiplegia ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Inappropriate ADH Syndrome ; Male ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Paroxetine ; Serotonin ; Sodium ; Tremor ; Vertigo

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to assist in early diagnosis and treatment of ectopic pregnancy. METHODS: We analyzed clinical statistics of 401 patients, who visited Masan Samsung Hospital from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2002, received treatment under diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, and were comfirmed by histopathologic examination. RESULTS: During the index period, the occurrence rate of ectopic pregnancy was 1:16.5, with peak age of occurrence between 30 to 34 year-old (34.4%). Previous history of artificial abortion was noted in 76.1%, previous cesarean delivery in 17%, previous pelvic inflammatory disease in 15.7% and history of previous ectopic pregancy in 9.5%. Concerned to clinical manifestations, lower abdominal pain was reported in 93.3%, amenorrhea in 86.5%, and vaginal bleeding in 69.3%. Onset of clinical manifestation was 6-8 weeks from the last menstrual period in 39.7%, being the most common. As the implantation site, fallopian tube was affected in 95.3%, ovary in 3%, and cervix of the uterus in 1%. Total amount of intraperitoneal hemorrhage was less then 500 mL in 45.6%. As an operative treatment, salpingectomy of the affected side was conducted in 76.8%. Average lengths of hospital stay for laparoscopy versus laparotomy were 3.4 and 5.2 days, respectively. CONCLUSION: Ectopic pregnancy, as a common emergent disorders, requires continuous attention for women in reproductive age. With the aid of various diagnostic modalities, early diagnosis and treatment can reduce mortality and morbidity rates, and enhance future fetility.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Amenorrhea ; Cervix Uteri ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Fallopian Tubes ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Laparotomy ; Length of Stay ; Mortality ; Ovary ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic* ; Salpingectomy ; Uterine Hemorrhage ; Uterus

PURPOSE: The prognostic significance of survivin expression (SE), which has been reported to be an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, was examined in order to identify a more accurate prognostic grouping of neuroblastomas. METHODS: Thirty-seven tumor specimens were obtained between 1992 and 2002. The SE level was examined by immunohistochemical techniques using paraffin-embedded tissues, and was scored as being positive when more than 5% of the cells reacted with the anti-survivin antibody. The outcome of the stratified potential prognostic groups was evaluated according to age, location, stage, Shimada class and SE. The correlation between the SE level and the prognostic factors were analyzed using a univariate assessment. The predictive value of SE in the prognosis was determined using a multivariate assessment. RESULTS: The median follow up period was 23 months. The 5-year overall survival rate was significantly reduced with an advanced stage, adrenal primary, unfavorable Shimada class and positive SE (P=.01, .01, .02 and .00). A positive SE was correlated with old age, advanced stage and an unfavorable Shimada class (P=.03, .00 and .03). The relative risk of the SE positive group was 5.20 (P=.01). Survivin was expressed in 73% of recurred cases, but in only 31% of non-recurred cases (P=.04). CONCLUSIONS: Survivin expression is a valid independent prognostic factor for a neuroblastoma, which correlates withthe disease progression and a poor prognosis.
Disease Progression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Neuroblastoma ; Prognosis* ; Survival Rate