Uterine cervical prolapse concurrent with pregnancy is a rare situation. Large variety of management options for pregnancy, labor, and delivery to this situation had been reported. We have experienced one case of third-degree cervical prolapse combined with pregnancy. This woman visited our hospital in the late first trimester. We had managed the patient successfully with a vaginal pessary to maintain cervical placement. hereby, We report this case with a brief review.
Female ; Humans ; Pessaries ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Pregnancy* ; Prolapse*

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between the degree of expression of E-cadherin and presence of high risk prognostic factors (lymph node metastasis or parametrium involvement), clinical stages and pathologic types in invasive cervical cancer. METHODS: An immunohistochemical technique has been applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin- embedded samples from 20 radical hysterectomy without risk factors and 16 radical hysterectomy with risk factors. The degree of expressions of E-cadherin immunostaining was compared with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, presence of high risk prognostic factors, and pathologic types. RESULTS: The difference of the degree of expression of E-cadherin was not statistically significant between high-risk group (lymph node metastasis or parametrium invasion) and non-risk group. The difference of the degree of expression of E-cadherin was not statistically significant according to clinical stages and variable pathologic types either. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the degree of the expression of E-cadherin has no relationship with known high risk prognostic factors, clinical stages and pathologic types in invasive cervical cancer.
Cadherins* ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Obstetrics ; Risk Factors ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

OBJECTIVE: Neuromuscular imbalance of vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis muscles is one of the major causes of patellofemoral pain syndrome. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of the angular velocity on the electromyographic activities of vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis during isokinetic cycling. METHOD: Fifteen healthy women (23.6+/-2.7 years) without any knee problem performed two sets of isokinetic bicycling using Motomed (RECK, Germany) at three different revolutions per minutes (30 RPM, 45 RPM, 60 RPM). Integrated electromyographic (iEMG) activities of vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis were measured during cycling. RESULTS: iEMG activities of vastus medialis obliquus increased as angular velocity increased (p<0.05). The vastus medialis obliquus : vastus lateralis iEMG ratio at 60 RPM was significantly greater than the ratio at 30 RPM (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Preferential vastus medialis obliquus activation was achieved by isokinetic cycling at high angular velocity. This suggests the meaningful therapeutic protocol for the patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome in altering neuromuscular imbalance between vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis.
Bicycling ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Knee ; Muscles ; Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome ; Quadriceps Muscle*

BACKGROUND: Little is known regarding disease-specific mortality of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients and its risk factors in Korea. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed a large multi-center cohort of thyroid cancer from six Korean hospitals and included 8,058 DTC patients who underwent initial surgery between 1996 and 2005. RESULTS: Mean age of patients at diagnosis was 46.2±12.3 years; 87% were females. Most patients had papillary thyroid cancer (PTC; 97%) and underwent total thyroidectomy (85%). Mean size of the primary tumor was 1.6±1.0 cm. Approximately 40% of patients had cervical lymph node (LN) metastases and 1.3% had synchronous distant metastases. During 11.3 years of follow-up, 150 disease-specific mortalities (1.9%) occurred; the 10-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rate was 98%. According to the year of diagnosis, the number of disease-specific mortality was not different. However, the rate of disease-specific mortality decreased during the study period (from 7.7% to 0.7%). Older age (≥45 years) at diagnosis, male, follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) versus PTC, larger tumor size (>2 cm), presence of extrathyroidal extension (ETE), lateral cervical LN metastasis, distant metastasis and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage were independent risk factors of disease-specific mortality of DTC patients. CONCLUSION: The rate of disease-specific mortality of Korean DTC patients was 1.9%; the 10-year DSS rate was 98% during 1996 to 2005. Older age at diagnosis, male, FTC, larger tumor size, presence of ETE, lateral cervical LN metastasis, distant metastasis, and TNM stages were significant risk factors of disease-specific mortality of Korean DTC patients.
Cohort Studies* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea* ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Mortality* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms* ; Thyroidectomy