BACKGROUND: We prospectively evaluated the incidence and possible factors causing intramuscular injection during lumbar sympathetic ganglion block and compared the multiple needle technique to the single technique to obtain a profound and complete block effect. METHODS: Among 83 patients, 58 patients (group A, n = 27, multiple needle technique and group B, n = 31, single needle technique) were reevaluated for the changes of skin temperature (Ts) and mean segment of longitudinal contrast spread. After injecting the contrast agent, the incidence of psoas muscle injection and the change of Ts was compared between two groups. RESULTS: The incidence of psoas muscle injection was 21.3% (46/216) and it was associated with the level of injection (L2) significantly (chi-square = 14.773, P = 0.001). DT(post) (postblock temperature difference between ipsilateral and contralateral great toe, 4.6 +/- 2.8degrees C, 1.8 +/- 1.6degrees C, P < 0.001 for group A and B) and DT(net) (DT(post) - DT(pre), 3.9 +/- 2.7degrees C, 1.5 +/- 1.5degrees C, P < 0.001 for group A and B) was significantly higher in group A. The mean segment of longitudinal contrast spread was 8.1 +/- 0.9 for group A and 3.2 +/- 1.6 for group B (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The LSGB at the L2 level showed the lowest incidence of psoas muscle injection of contrast. Multiple needle approach showed more significant increase of DT(net) and DT(post).
Ganglia, Sympathetic ; Humans ; Incidence ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Needles ; Prospective Studies ; Psoas Muscles ; Skin Temperature ; Toes

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate osteoporosis knowledge, health beliefs, and influencing factors on health behaviors among female college students. METHODS: Using the Osteoporosis Quiz, the Health belief Scale, and the Health Behavior Questionnaire, data were collected from 314 female college students from 4 universities located in Chungcheong providence. RESULTS: The mean scores of knowledge and health belief were 12.7+/-3.81 and 90.9+/-12.66, respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation between osteoporosis knowledge and health belief (p<.001). Also, a statistically significant correlation was found between health belief and health behavior (p<.001). According to the regression model, knowledge, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, family history of osteoporosis, and health interest explained 6.7% of total variance in health behavior. CONCLUSION: Female college students should be taught to be aware of the importance of proper dietary intake and regular exercise as a way to maintain or promote the health of their bones so that they can prevent osteoporosis.
Female* ; Health Behavior* ; Humans ; Osteoporosis* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Nevus*

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of vitrification on the implantation the pregnancy of human blastocysts. METHOD: The transfer of the frozen-thawed blastocysts by the slow freezing or vitrification was performed between January 1998 and July 1999. The zygotes derives from IVF were cocultured with cumulus cells in YS medium containing 20% hFF for 5days. Two or three of the best balstocysts produced on day 5 were transferred into the uterus, and then supernumerary blastocysts were randomly divided into two groups. One was frozen by slow freezing and the other was frozen by vitrification method. The slow freezing procedure was performed in two steps (5% glycerol and 9% glycerol + 0.2 M sucrose for 10 min, respectively) using programmed freezer (-2degrees C/min to -7degrees C, 0.3degrees C and plunged into LN2). The blastocysts frozen by slow freezing were thawed at 36degrees C then removed glycerol in 7 steps. The vitrification procedure was performed in three steps (10% glycerol for 5 min, 10% glycerol + 20% ethylene glycol for 5 min, 25% glycerol + 25% ethylene glycol and directly LN2 within 1 min). The blastocysts frozen by vitrification were thawed at 20degrees C water then removed cryoprotectant in 3 steps. In each group, thawed blastocysts were cocultured with cumulus cells in YS medium containing 20% hFF for 18h and transferred into the uterus. The implantation rate was evaluated per transferred blastocysts and the pregnancy rate was evaluated per transfers. RESULTS: The survival rate of vitrified group (74.5%) was higher than slow freezing group (68.0%), but not significant. When 98 thawed blastocysts of vitrification were transferred in 40 cycles, 19 pregnancies (clinical pregnancy rate; 47.5%) were established. One miscarriage occurred in the eighth week of pregnancy (ongoing pregnancy rate; 45.0%). 7 pregnancies were ongoing, 11 pregnancies went to term, and 16 healthy infants were born. The Implantation rate was 31.6%. These results were higher than those obtained by the slow freezing (clinical pregnancy rate; 40.3%, ongoing pregnancy rate; 32.5% and implantation rate; 25.3%), but not significant. CONCLUSION: Vitrification is a simple, quick and economical method when compared to slow freezing. It will be chosen as a good method of human embryo freezing in IVF-ET programs.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Blastocyst* ; Cumulus Cells ; Embryonic Structures ; Ethylene Glycol ; Female ; Freezing ; Glycerol ; Humans ; Infant ; Pregnancy Rate ; Pregnancy* ; Sucrose ; Survival Rate ; Uterus ; Vitrification* ; Water ; Zygote

PURPOSE: This study was to confirm the effect of acupressure on the emesis control and the weight change among pediatric cancer patients receiving anti-cancer chemotherapy. METHOD: Forty pediatric cancer patients, receiving the induction stage of chemotherapy with MTX and vincristine, were divided into control(n=20) and the intervention group(n=20). Both groups received regular anti-emesis medication, but the intervention group was added acupressure maneuver for 5 minutes on P6 point for 3 times a day for 5days: before chemotherapy, lunch and dinner by investigator during the hospitalization and by mother at home. The instruments for this study were Rhode's(1986) Index of nausea, vomiting and retching(INVR), Cas electric scale and pamphlet developed by researcher. RESULT: Significant differences in the degree of nausea and vomiting were observed between the control and the intervention group as measured by INVR(t=4.73; p=.01). Repeated measures ANOVA also shows that the group effect was significant(F=22.39, P=.01) as was the time effect(F=380.35, P=.01). The group by time interaction was also significant(F=5.27, P=.01). Acupressure maneuver was apparently effective in reducing the degree of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. There were also statistically significant weight loss noted in the control group than the intervention group(t=5.42, p=.01). CONCLUSION: Acupressure on P6 point shows an effective adjunct maneuver in reducing the degree of nausea and vomiting and conserving the weight in pediatric cancer patients. Therefore, it is proposed that acupressure should be applied as supportive nursing intervention strategies to relieve chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting and to prevent weight loss in pediatric cancer patients.
Acupressure* ; Drug Therapy* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Lunch ; Meals ; Mothers ; Nausea ; Nursing ; Pamphlets ; Research Personnel ; Vincristine ; Vomiting ; Weight Loss ; Child Health

Several synkinetic oculopalpebral phenomena were described in the literature in relation to ophthalmoplegias, congenital as well as acquired. Several neurologic explanations have been offered to explain their occurrence, but the entity of the phenomenon is not well clarified yet. From the study of the cases, where the third cranial nerve showed a palsy, some observations appear to be significant. This was present in both cases. In each the affected eye was divergent in the primary position. When the contralateral sound eye was covered the divergent affected eye moved medially to assume fixation, the sound eye showed an exag-gerated secondary deviation behind the occluder and at the same time, the ptotic lid showed an elevation, making the palpebral aperture wider. Adduction of the affected eye was retricted and on atttmption it widtning of the palpebral aperature indicated the occurrence of Fuchs phenomenon, the sound eye being markedly abducted. On abduction the palpebral aperture of the affected eye became narrower due to an increased ptosis. The author quoted Gowers stating the possibility of the overflow of in voluntary impulses carried by one nerve from its usual channels into another giving rise to the phenomenon. On abduction, the size of pupil became wider due to an increased ptosis. It can be deduced to be over-impulses of parasympathetic nerve. Two cases of ophthalmoplegias are described in this paper and it is hoped that the conelusions drawn therefrom may throw some light on this matter.
Hope ; Oculomotor Nerve ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Paralysis ; Pupil

No abstract available.
Melanoma ; Nevus

PURPOSE: After delivery, eating brown seaweed soup is a typical Korean tranditional habit. But, excessive intake of iodine transiently inhibits biosynthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones if a certain threshold of iodine is reached in the serum. The aim of our study was to demonstrate whether the observed the elevations of TSH level in the breast fed neonatal infants was caused by mother's eating brown seaweed soup or not. METHODS: We performed neonatal TSH test by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(FRELISA Screenig TSH) and cheked TSH level for 178 newborns with a appropriate gestational age. We divided the study subject into 3 groups, the group used breast feeding, mother had taken brown seaweed soup and blood sampled at 6th day after birth was categorized Group A, formular feeding, blood sampled at the 4th days after birth was categorized Group B, breast feeding and had taken brown seaweed soup and blood sampled at the 19th day after birth was categorized Group C. RESULTS: 1) The mean TSH level was 1.5+/-1.3 uU/ml in Group A, 3.3+/-2.5uU/ml in Group B, 1.7+/-l.3uU/ml in Group C(Group A vs Group B: p<0.05, Group A vs Group C: p<0.05). 2) There was no statistical significances between the TSH levels and the amount of brown seaweed soup which mother had one day, the duration which mother had brown seaweed soup and duration of breast feeding. CONCLUSIONS: Mother had taken brown seaweed soup about 3 times a day in korea at present days, There was no significant changes of TSH levels in the beast fed newborn infants after the korean mother had taken brown seaweed soup.
Breast Feeding* ; Breast* ; Eating* ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Iodine ; Korea ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Seaweed* ; Thyroid Hormones

The authors analysed 340 cases of the ocular injuries among 7633 out and in-patients who visited to the clinic of P.N.U. hospital during 5 years, from Jan. 1964 to Dec. 1968. Followings were discussed. 1. We found that 4.6% of all cases attending our eyes clinic was victims of ocular injuries. 2. The sex incidence showed that 78.9% of such ocular injuries occured in male and 21.1% in female. 3. The incidence was prevalent in young adult 21-30 years of age, and their large number of cases were injured from blowing and industrial accidents, while in children under 10 years of age sharp-pointed toys were more frequent causes. 4. The subconjunctival hemorrhage was the most frequent disturbance of ocular injuries and then came traumatic cataract and corneal foreign bodies in that order. 5. The prognosis of ocular injuries was generally poor, especially, poor, especially in the perforating and penetrating wound of the whether the foreign body was retained or not.
Accidents, Occupational ; Cataract ; Child ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Play and Playthings ; Prognosis ; Wounds, Penetrating ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cattle* ; Yersinia enterocolitica* ; Yersinia*