Abstract: Objective　To analyze the influencing factors of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus after combined immunological blockade, and to evaluate the effect of mother-to-child blockade, and to provide a basis for health policies and health interventions for preventing mother-to-child blockade of hepatitis B virus. Methods A total of 11 363 pairs of HBsAg positive pregnant women and their infants aged 7-12 months in Hainan Province from 2015 to 2020 were included in the study. The general situation, the situation of health care and delivery in this pregnancy and perinatal period, the detection of hepatitis B markers, the situation of antiviral therapy, the general situation of mother and infant during delivery and the implementation of blockade measures for mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B were collected and analyzed. Results Among the 11 363 pairs of HBsAg positive pregnant women and their infants delivered in hospitals in Hainan province from 2015 to 2020, the positive rate of HBsAg in children at 7-12 months after birth was 1.47 %, and the difference in HBsAg positive rate of infants born in different years was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the positive rate of HBsAg among children born to pregnant women with different nationalities, educational levels, occupations, delivery modes, delivery places, obstetric operations and perineal laceration, abnormal perinatal period, children with different genders and premature delivery and perinatal (all P<0.05). There was significant difference in HBsAg positive rate among infants born to pregnant women of different ages, the positive rate of HBsAg of infants born to young pregnant women was higher than that of older pregnant women (P<0.05). The rate of antiviral therapy was low in HBeAg positive pregnant women, and the positive rate of HBsAg in their infants was 2.54%, which was higher than 0.83% in HBeAg negative pregnant women (P<0.05). Conclusions Combined immunological blockade with hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin can effectively prevent the mother-to-child transmission of HBV. HBsAg-positive women can give birth at the right age, and HBeAg-positive pregnant women can be treated with antiviral therapy to block mother-to-child transmission, providing the important basis for the formulation of hepatitis B prevention and control strategies and measures.

PURPOSE: We report a rare case of ocular siderosis with delayed-onset secondary glaucoma occurring 10 years after cataract and iron foreign body removal. CASE SUMMARY: A 47-year-old male who suffered an ocular injury with an iron material to his left eye 3 years prior to his initial visit was treated in our clinic for a cataract with siderosis lentis. Ten years after he underwent cataract surgery he developed secondary open-angle glaucoma. Trabecular block taken during trabeculectomy showed no iron material, however, a fibrosclerotic change was observed. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with a history of traumatic siderosis lentis, a potential risk of siderosis remains for a long period.
Cataract* ; Foreign Bodies ; Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Iron ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Siderosis* ; Trabeculectomy

PURPOSE: To report a case of ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum in a newborn male. CASE SUMMARY: A 4-day-old male was referred for fused right eyelids with unremarkable other pediatric examinations. Ocular examination under general anesthesia revealed partial fusion of his right upper and lower eyelids by a 4 mm-wide band of tissue which arose from the skin of the upper and lower eyelids. The adhesion was separated by sharp scissors and no other ocular abnormalities were revealed. CONCLUSIONS: Ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum is a rare congenital malformation. In this case, the band of tissue connecting the upper and lower eyelids arose not from the eyelid margin but from the eyelid skin, which is even rarer, thus supporting the theory that this condition is due to the fusion of eyelids at abnormal positions, and not due to problems during the separation of eyelids.
Anesthesia, General ; Cleft Lip ; Cleft Palate ; Eye Abnormalities ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Skin

PURPOSE: To report a case of phacoanaphylactic uveitis presenting as endophthalmitis. CASE SUMMARY: A 77-year-old woman presented with sudden visual disturbance and painful red right eye. She did not have a history of trauma or surgery in her right eye. Her best corrected visual acuity was hand movement in the right eye and log MAR 0.22 in the left eye; intraocular pressure was 27 mm Hg in the right eye and 15 mm Hg in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination revealed corneal edema and prominent inflammation with hypopyon in the anterior chamber. B-scan showed vitreous opacity behind the lens. Based on the diagnosis of endophthalmitis, anterior chamber paracentesis and irrigation were performed. After irrigation, a hypermature cataract with intact anterior capsule was observed. Therefore, we performed extracapsular cataract extraction and intravitreal antibiotics injection. Gram staining of the aqueous humor revealed numerous macrophages filled with lens protein but no organisms. She was treated with hourly topical corticosteroid and an antibiotic agent. One month later, the anterior chamber is clear, and the cultures remained negative. CONCLUSIONS: We report a case of spontaneous phacoanaphylactic uveitis presenting as endophthalmitis in a patient with no history of eye trauma or surgery.
Aged ; Anterior Chamber ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Aqueous Humor ; Cataract ; Cataract Extraction ; Corneal Edema ; Diagnosis ; Endophthalmitis* ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Intraocular Pressure ; Macrophages ; Paracentesis ; Uveitis* ; Visual Acuity

Purpose: To report the results of a 2021 questionnaire survey assessing the current trends and practice patterns in the treatment of uveitis, conducted by the Korean Uveitis Society (KUS). Methods: To understand the current treatment and trends for uveitis in Korea, a total of 11 questions were surveyed in November 2021 among 300 members of the KUS. This survey comprised 11 multiple choice and dichotomy questions. Results: Of 300 participants, 179 responded, and the response rate was 59.7%. Among the respondents, 92.7% were retina specialists and 66.9% reported less than 10% of uveitis patients among outpatients. As imaging tests performed in patients with anterior uveitis, fundus photography and optical coherence tomography were typically performed (83.8% vs. 73.2%, respectively). The frequently performed blood tests for general screening were complete blood count, blood chemistry test, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein (89.9% vs. 86.2% vs. 85.5% vs. 82.4%, respectively). Regarding local steroid treatment, subtenon injection was the most preferred (74.9%). Regarding systemic oral corticosteroids, 83.7% of respondents commonly used initial doses of 0.5-1 mg/kg. Cyclosporine, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, and azathioprine were used for steroid-refractory uveitis patients in that order (36.2% vs. 34.8% vs. 21.7% vs. 7.3%, respectively). Concerning the currently used biologic agent, adalimumab was the most preferred, at 96.7%. Conclusions This survey highlights the recent trends and practice patterns in the treatment of uveitis in Korea.

OBJECTIVETo analyze etiology of hospitalized hypertensive patients in the department of hypertension from 1999 to 2008.

METHODSThis retrospective study was performed to analyze the etiology of hospitalized hypertensive patients in department of hypertension and to show the distribution change of hypertension from 1999 to 2008.

RESULTS(1) There were 5867 (75.1%) patients with essential hypertension and 1942 (24.9%) patients with secondary hypertension (SH). (2) The prevalence rate of SH increased significantly during the 10 years (χ(2) = 387.621, P < 0.001) and was higher in 2008 than in 1999 (39.3% vs. 9.5%, P < 0.05). The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and primary aldosteronism (PA) in 2008 increased 38.3 and 1.8 times respectively than in 1999 (χ(2) = 304.025, P < 0.001; χ(2) = 42.845, P < 0.001) and other SH remained unchanged. (3) The prevalence of PA complicated with OSAS increased significantly in recent five years (χ(2) = 26.376, P < 0.001). Incidence of OSAS was 23.9% in PA patients and incidence of PA was 6.7% in OSAS patients.

CONCLUSIONSWith the insights gained on hypertension mechanism and the development of new diagnostic technology, percent of diagnosed SH increased remarkably in recent years in hospitalized hypertensive patients in our department of hypertension. OSAS and PA are the leading causes of SH.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Female ; Hospitals, Special ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Inpatients ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

Objective::To observe effect of addition and subtraction therapy of Huaihuasan combined with Taohuatang to ulcerative colitis with cold-heat complicated syndrome at active stage, and to study regulation effect to immune function and inflammatory response. Method::One hundred and twelve patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group by random number table. Patients with light and middle symptoms in control group got mesalazine slow release tablets, 1.0 g/time, 3 times/days, patients with severe symptoms or whose symptoms were not changed after getting for 4 weeks in control group got prednisone acetate tablets, 0.75 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 for 3 times. Based on the treatment in control group, patients in observation group added Huaihuasan combined with Taohuatang, 1 dose/day. The course of treatment was 4 weeks. At remission period, mesalazine slow release tablets were used for maintain long-term maintenance therapy, 0.5 g/times, 3 times/days. Scores of disease activities were graded by improvement mayo, and clinical remission and clinical efficacy were recorded, scores of cold-heat complicated syndrome, mucous membrane under enteroscopy and histology of mucosa belongs to Geboes were graded. And levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in peripheral blood, interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-10, T lymphocyte subsets (CD4⁺, CD8⁺), and adverse reactions, 6 months' follow-up and recurrence were also be recorded. Result::Therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes were analyzed by rank sum test, which in observation group was better than that in control group (Z=1.915, P<0.05). Clinical effect in observation group was 98.04%(50/51) higher than 84.00%(42/50) in control group, clinical remission rate was 94.12%(48/51) higher than 78.00%(39/50) in control group, and mucosal healing rate was 96.08%(49/51) higher than 82.00%(41/50) in control group (P<0.05). Scores of mayo, cold-heat complicated syndrome, colonic mucosa and index scores of Geboes were all lower than those in control group (P<0.01). And levels of TNF-α, IL-8 and CD8⁺ were lower than those in control group (P<0.01), and levels of IL-10, CD4⁺ and CD4⁺ /CD8⁺ were higher than those in control group (P<0.01). Recurrence rate during 6 months in observation group was 10.42%(5/48) lower than 30.77%(12/39) in control group (χ²=5.669, P<0.05), as for adverse reactions, there was no significant difference between two groups. Conclusion::Huaihuasan combined with Taohuatang can induce UC to remission period, inhibit the activity of disease, alleviate clinical symptoms, regulate immune function and expression of inflammatory factors, alleviate inflammatory reaction, promote intestinal mucosal healing, and can maintain clinical remission and reduce recurrence. The clinical efficacy is superior to that of 5-ASA/glucocorticoid in Western medicine.