BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of the proximal nerve stump, in end-to-side nerve repair, to functional recovery, by modifying the classic end-to-side neurorrhaphy and suturing the proximal nerve stump to a donor nerve in a rat model of a severed median nerve. METHODS: Three experimental groups were studied: a modified end-to-side neurorrhaphy with suturing of the proximal nerve stump (double end-to-side neurorrhaphy, Group I), a classic end-to-side neurorrhaphy (Group II) and a control group without neurorrhaphy (Group III). Twenty weeks after surgery, grasping testing, muscle contractility testing, and histological studies were performed. RESULTS: The grasping strength, muscle contraction force and nerve fiber count were significantly higher in group I than in group II, and there was no evidence of nerve recovery in group III. CONCLUSIONS: The contribution from the proximal nerve stump in double end-to-side nerve repair might improve axonal sprouting from the donor nerve and help achieve a better functional recovery in an end-to-side coaptation model.
Anastomosis, Surgical/methods ; Animals ; Axons/pathology ; Forelimb ; Hand Strength ; Male ; Median Nerve/pathology/*surgery ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology ; Nerve Regeneration ; Nerve Transfer/*methods ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recovery of Function ; Ulnar Nerve/pathology/*surgery

BACKGROUND: Severe mitral regurgitation is a common clinical entity that can lead to progressive, irreversible left ventricular dysfunction, and thus should be corrected in proper stage of life. Authors have conducted this investigation to assess left ventricular function after mitral valve operation and to determine the predicting factors. METHODS AND RESULTS: The echocardiographic parameters, specifically left ventricular ejection fraction, shortening fraction, end-systolic dimension and volume, and end-diastolic dimension and volume were measured in preoperative and postoperative period of congenital mitral regurgitation patients (n=60), between March 1992 and March 1998. After correction of severe mitral regurgitaion, left ventricular ejection fraction and shortening fraction decreased significantly (p<0.001 and p<0.05 respectively). Furtheremore, after reoperation of recurred mitral regurgitation, left ventricular ejection fraction and shortening fraction decreased significantly (p<0.05). Left ventricular ejection fraction and shortening fraction in mitral valve reoperation group (n=23) is significantly lower than those in non-reoperation group (n=37) in both preoperative and postoperative period (p<0.05). Left ventricular ejection fraction and shortening fraction is also significantly lower in mitral valve replacement group (n=20) than in mitral valvuloplasty group (n=40)(p<0.05). Severe postoperative left ventricular dysfunction led to dilated cardiomyopathy in 5 patients. Postoperative left ventricular end systolic dimension increased significantly in reoperation group and DCMP group respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: After surgical correction of mitral regurgitation, left ventricular dysfunction is frequent and carries a poor prognosis. Postoperative left ventricular dysfunction can be predicted by preoperative ejection fraction, shortening fraction and systolic diameter. Therefore surgical therapy before the onset of left ventricular dysfunction is recommended.
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; Deoxycytidine Monophosphate ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency* ; Mitral Valve* ; Postoperative Period ; Prognosis ; Reoperation ; Stroke Volume ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left ; Ventricular Function, Left*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to observe and compare the changes in the patterns of hemodynamic and blood profiles on the circuit of Extra-corporeal life support system (ECLS) by using a dual pulsatile pump (T-PLS). METHODS: An acute heart failure model using partial pulmonary artery banding was constructed in 12 piglets (20 -25kg). The animals were divided into centrifugal (n=6) and dual pulsatile pump (n=6) group. Each animal was placed on an ECLS system with a membrane oxygenator bypassing the right atrium and the aorta for 2 hours under general anesthesia. The parameters mainly observed were intra-circuit pressure changes, arterial pulsatility (pulse pressure), plasma free hemoglobin, hemodynamic changes, and other blood profiles. The parameters obtained just prior to the bypass were compared with the corresponding parameters obtained two hours after the bypass. RESULTS: Before bypass, the parameters were statistically the same between the groups. Two hours after the bypass, no significant differences were observed between the groups in ABGA, VBGA, AST/ALT, BUN/Cr, and electrolytes; the plasma free hemoglobin was 14.8+/-4.7 g/dl in the dual pulsatile group and 19.1+/-9.1 g/dl in the centrifugal group (p=NS). The pulse pressure was higher in the dual pulsatile pump than in the centrifugal pump group (35+/-8 vs. 11+/-7 mmHg, p=0.0253 mmHg). The highest circuit pressure was generated at the inlet of the membrane oxygenator and was higher in the dual pulsatile group than in the centrifugal group (173+/-12 mmHg vs. 222+/-8 mmHg, p=0.0000). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that a dual pulsating mechanism lessens blood cell trauma while providing physiologic pulsatile blood flow. The ECLS system using a dual pulsatile pump (T-PLS) can be useed as an effective and safe driving motor for an ECLS.
Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Aorta ; Bays ; Blood Cells ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Electrolytes ; Heart Atria ; Heart Failure ; Hemodynamics ; Life Support Systems* ; Oxygenators, Membrane ; Plasma ; Pulmonary Artery

OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to compare the clinical outcome of elective single cleavage-embryo transfer (eSCET) to that of elective single blastocyst-embryo transfer (eSBET) in human IVF-ET. METHODS: This study was a retrospective study which analyzed for 614 women who visited the Daegu Maria Clinic from August 2008 to December 2009. All were under 37 years old and had more than 8 mm of endometrial thickness on the day of hCG administration and at least one good quality embryo on day 3. The eSCETs were performed on day 3 (n=450) and the eSBETs were conducted on day 5 (n=164). RESULTS: The numbers of retrieved oocytes, fertilized oocytes, and day 3 good quality embryos were significantly lower in the eSCET group (12.1+/-6.0, 8.2+/-4.6, and 4.2+/-3.1, respectively) compared to the eSBET group (16.7+/-7.2, 12.1+/-5.0, and 8.5+/-4.5, respectively; p<0.001). However, the clinical pregnancy, implantation, on-going pregnancy, and live birth rates of the eSCET group (46.7, 46.9, 40.0, and 36.7%, respectively) were not statistically different from those of the eSBET group (51.2, 51.8, 45.1, and 43.9%, respectively; p=0.318, 0.278, 0.254, and 0.103, respectively). CONCLUSION: These results suggested that elective single embryo transfer should be performed regardless of the developmental stage to women less than 37 years old who had more than 8 mm of endometrial thickness on the hCG administration day and at least one good quality embryo on day 3 in order to reduce the twin pregnancy rate without reducing the whole pregnancy rate.
Embryonic Structures ; Female ; Humans ; Live Birth ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Retrospective Studies ; Single Embryo Transfer ; Twins

OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to compare the clinical outcome of elective single cleavage-embryo transfer (eSCET) to that of elective single blastocyst-embryo transfer (eSBET) in human IVF-ET. METHODS: This study was a retrospective study which analyzed for 614 women who visited the Daegu Maria Clinic from August 2008 to December 2009. All were under 37 years old and had more than 8 mm of endometrial thickness on the day of hCG administration and at least one good quality embryo on day 3. The eSCETs were performed on day 3 (n=450) and the eSBETs were conducted on day 5 (n=164). RESULTS: The numbers of retrieved oocytes, fertilized oocytes, and day 3 good quality embryos were significantly lower in the eSCET group (12.1+/-6.0, 8.2+/-4.6, and 4.2+/-3.1, respectively) compared to the eSBET group (16.7+/-7.2, 12.1+/-5.0, and 8.5+/-4.5, respectively; p<0.001). However, the clinical pregnancy, implantation, on-going pregnancy, and live birth rates of the eSCET group (46.7, 46.9, 40.0, and 36.7%, respectively) were not statistically different from those of the eSBET group (51.2, 51.8, 45.1, and 43.9%, respectively; p=0.318, 0.278, 0.254, and 0.103, respectively). CONCLUSION: These results suggested that elective single embryo transfer should be performed regardless of the developmental stage to women less than 37 years old who had more than 8 mm of endometrial thickness on the hCG administration day and at least one good quality embryo on day 3 in order to reduce the twin pregnancy rate without reducing the whole pregnancy rate.
Embryonic Structures ; Female ; Humans ; Live Birth ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Retrospective Studies ; Single Embryo Transfer ; Twins

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to suggest a method of fabrication of the record base using a light-polymerized resin by applying the two-phase fabrication method for the improvement of the fit of the record base and to compare the degree of fit according to the separation site. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the edentulous cast of maxilla, four test groups were considered. In the first, second, third, and fourth test groups (n = 12 in each group) the separation was done at 0, 5, 10, and 15 mm, respectively below the alveolar crest along the palatal plane. For the control group, the record base was made without separating the two sections. The light-body silicone material was injected into the fitting surface of the record base. It was then placed onto the cast and finger pressure was applied to stabilize it in a seated position followed by immediate placement onto the universal test device. Finally, the mass of the impression material was measured after it was removed. ANOVA was performed using the SAS program. For the post-hoc test, the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test and the Tukey-Kramer HSD test were performed (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: The control group and Group 3, 4 showed significant differences. The Group 3 and 4 showed significantly smaller inside gaps than the control group which was not made with the two-phase fabrication method. CONCLUSION: The two-stage polymerized technique can improve the fit of the denture base particularly when the separation was made at 10 to 15 mm from the alveolar crest.
Collodion ; Denture Bases ; Fingers ; Maxilla ; Phenothiazines ; Polymers ; Silicones

Background: This study aimed to assess the effects of sarcopenia and A Body Shape Index (ABSI) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk according to obesity phenotypes. Methods: We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2012. A total of 25,270 adults were included and classified into the following groups: metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese (MUO). Sarcopenia was defined as the appendicular skeletal mass index <7 kg/m2 in men and <5.5 kg/m2 in women. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) of sarcopenia and ABSI for CVD events according to the obesity phenotype. Results: The MHNW participants with sarcopenia had higher risk for CVD than those without sarcopenia (OR, 2.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.56 to 4.64). In the analysis with MHNW participants without sarcopenia as a reference, the participants with sarcopenia showed a higher OR for CVD than those without sarcopenia in both MHO (OR in participants without sarcopenia, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.94 to 5.64) (OR in participants with sarcopenia, 8.59; 95% CI, 2.63 to 28.04) and MUO participants (OR in participants without sarcopenia, 5.11; 95% CI, 3.21 to 8.15) (OR in participants with sarcopenia, 8.12; 95% CI, 4.04 to 16.32). Participants within the second and third tertiles of ABSI had higher ORs for CVDs than the counterpart of obesity phenotypes within the first tertile. Conclusion These results suggest that clinical approaches that consider muscle and body shape are required.

This study aimed to assess the effects of sarcopenia and A Body Shape Index (ABSI) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk according to obesity phenotypes.

This study aimed to assess the effects of sarcopenia and A Body Shape Index (ABSI) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk according to obesity phenotypes.

Codonopsis lanceolata, which is predominantly found in Korea and East Asia, has attracted considerable scientific attention due to its long-standing use in traditional medicine. However, despite both its roots and stems being utilized as functional food and medicinal resources, there has been limited phytochemical investigation into its aerial parts. Therefore, the aim of this study is to isolate compounds present in the aerial parts of C. lanceolata. Through repeated chromatography, two alkaloids (1 and 2), seven flavones (3-9), and three isoflavones (10-12) and one type of phenylpropanoid (13) and polyacetylene (14) were isolated from a 70% ethanol extract of C. lanceolata. The structure of each compound was determined through the analysis of spectroscopic data ( 1 H and 13 C NMR), and by comparing them with previous research results. Among the isolates, the presence of methyl 2-formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrole-1-butanoate (1), chrysoeriol 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), apigenin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), and 3′-O-methylorobol 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (12) were reported for the first time in plants belonging to the Campanula family in this study. In addition, the current study marked the isolation of luteolin 4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) from C. lanceolata for the first time.