No abstract available.
Emphysema* ; Tuberculosis*

The most common fracture about the elbow joint in chilren is a supracondylar fracture. The displaced fracture is difficult to manage due to the potential danger of Volkmann's ischemia, nerve injury, and malunion, During the period of 6 years from June, 1979 to June, 1985, 63 children with supracondylar fractures of the humerus were treated at Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje Medical College, and analyzed. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The average age was 7.1 years, ranged from 1 year to 14 years, and the male and female ratio was 2.5: l. 2. In type of fracture, extension type was 92% and flexion type was 8%. In displacement of fracture, Grade I was only 2 cases, Grade III and IV were 87.3%. Posteromedial displacement was 42.8% (27 cases). 3. At the time of admission, 15cases(23.8%) accompanied nerve injury, of these median nerve injury (9 cases) was most common. All the patient with nerve injury were completely recovered within 14 months after reduction. 4. Severe cubitus varus was 14.2%, and severe limitation of elbow motion was 1.6%. 5. Of 61 displaced fractures, 37 patients were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation. By Flynn's criteria, satisfactory results were obtained in 36 of the 37 patients(97.3%) treated with percutaneous pinning. 6. In the displaced fractures, closed reduction and percutaneous pinning is a satisfactory method for obtaining and maintaining reduction while preserving vascular function, if acute flexion is necessary for stable reduction.
Busan ; Child ; Clinical Study ; Elbow ; Elbow Joint ; Female ; Fractures, Closed ; Humans ; Humerus ; Ischemia ; Male ; Median Nerve ; Methods

PURPOSE: The respiratory tract infections including pneumonia have been the major contributing factor for bronchial asthma, and are frequently involved in hospitalization due to asthma attack. We studied clinical characteristics of hospitalized cases due to asthma attack with and without pneumonic infiltrates. METHODS: Over 5 years between January 1993 and December 1997, 628 patients were hospitalized due to asthma attack. 315 of them had pneumonic infiltrates on chest X-ray (defined as pneumonia group) and 197 patients had no pneumonic infiltrates (uncomplicated group). The clinical characteristics of both groups were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The age on admission and first attack in pneumonia group were significantly younger than those of uncomplicated group (P<0.05). The incidence of male was higher than that of female in both groups. The interval from attack to admission and duration of hospitalization were much longer in pneumonia group (P<0.05). The bronchial asthma attack was most frequently occurred between September and November. The atopy-perennial type was predominant in the both groups, and the incidence of non-atopy type was higher in the pneumonia group. The mild asthma attack was predominant in the pneumonia group and moderate one was predominant in the uncomplicated group. The incidence of fever and inflammatory reaction (peripheral blood WBC count, serum CRP level) were higher in the pneumonia group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the serum IgE level between two groups. CONCLUSION: Frequency and duration of hospitalization due to asthma attack might be lessened by prevention against respiratory tract infection.
Asthma* ; Female ; Fever ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Incidence ; Male ; Pneumonia ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Retrospective Studies ; Thorax

PURPOSE: To determine whether liver stiffness (LS) measured by magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) can predict the outcome of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 107 patients with Child-Pugh class A liver function who were treated with RFA for single HCC and who had undergone a gradient-echo MRE within 6 months before RFA were included. We evaluated the relationship between the LS values and the ablation volume, local tumor progression (LTP), and intrahepatic distant recurrence (IDR). We also constructed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to examine the role of LS in predicting liver function deterioration, which was defined as an increase of Child-Pugh score by one point or more at 1 year after RFA. RESULTS: There was no significant correlation between LS and ablation volume, and neither time to LTP nor IDR was associated with LS. Among the 66 patients who did not have recurrence 1 year after RFA, 5 patients (7.6%) developed liver function deterioration. A high LS value was significantly associated with development of liver function deterioration after RFA and the area under the ROC curve was 0.764 (95% CI 0.598-0.929, P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: LS measured by MRE could not predict ablation volume and tumor recurrence. However, high LS values were significantly associated with development of liver function deterioration.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Catheter Ablation* ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; Humans ; Liver* ; Recurrence ; ROC Curve

Purpose: Regular moderate-intensity aerobic exercise confers immense vascular benefits, yet the lack of time remains the most common barrier to a regular exercise routine. A Tabata exercise is a type of high-intensity interval training exercise that is time efficient and has recently been demonstrated to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic profiles, but its benefits on vascular function still remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that the Tabata-styled exercise would be as effective as moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) in improving vascular function in young healthy adults. Methods: Using a randomized, cross-over design, fourteen healthy men (age, 23.8±2.3 years; body mass index, 23.7±2.2 kg/m2 ) performed two acute exercise trials, separated at least by 72 hours: a modified Tabata-styled exercise (eight sets of 20-second exercise at 120% of maximal power output using a bike and 10-second rest, total 4 minutes) or a MICE for 30 minutes at a heart rate reserve of 40%–60%. Vascular function was assessed via brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity and augmentation index) at baseline and again at 60 minutes and 120 minutes after exercise. Results: Compared with MICE, a Tabata-styled exercise increased heart rate at 60 minutes (p＜ 0.05). Both exercises improved vascular function to a similar extent, as evidenced by an increase in flow-mediated dilation and a reduction in arterial stiffness at 60 minutes and 120 minutes (p＜ 0.05). Conclusion These findings demonstrate that the Tabata-styled exercise is a time-efficient exercise strategy that is as effective as MICE in enhancing vascular function in healthy young men.

PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in young adults with symptomatic Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) and compare those in young adults without OSD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared MRI findings between young adults with OSD (OS group, n=30) and the equivalent number of young adults without OSD (control group). Visual analog scale scores and Kujala scores were evaluated and correlation analysis was performed in the OS group. RESULTS: In the OS group, MRI revealed that the patellar tendon was attached to the tibia more widely, resulting in a reduced free tendon portion, and more proximally to the articular surface (p<0.001). The correlation analysis between MRI findings and clinical scores showed statistically significant correlations (p<0.01). In the OS group, 43% presented with patellar tendinopathy or bone marrow edema at the distal attachments. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the control group, the relatively small free portion and relatively proximal attachment of the patellar tendon were observed with MRI in the OS group. The free portion of the patellar tendon was positively correlated with the clinical scores. Patellar tendinopathy was also frequently encountered in the OS group.
Bone Marrow ; Edema ; Humans ; Knee ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Osteochondrosis ; Patellar Ligament ; Tendinopathy ; Tendons ; Tibia ; Visual Analog Scale ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of vitrification on the implantation the pregnancy of human blastocysts. METHOD: The transfer of the frozen-thawed blastocysts by the slow freezing or vitrification was performed between January 1998 and July 1999. The zygotes derives from IVF were cocultured with cumulus cells in YS medium containing 20% hFF for 5days. Two or three of the best balstocysts produced on day 5 were transferred into the uterus, and then supernumerary blastocysts were randomly divided into two groups. One was frozen by slow freezing and the other was frozen by vitrification method. The slow freezing procedure was performed in two steps (5% glycerol and 9% glycerol + 0.2 M sucrose for 10 min, respectively) using programmed freezer (-2degrees C/min to -7degrees C, 0.3degrees C and plunged into LN2). The blastocysts frozen by slow freezing were thawed at 36degrees C then removed glycerol in 7 steps. The vitrification procedure was performed in three steps (10% glycerol for 5 min, 10% glycerol + 20% ethylene glycol for 5 min, 25% glycerol + 25% ethylene glycol and directly LN2 within 1 min). The blastocysts frozen by vitrification were thawed at 20degrees C water then removed cryoprotectant in 3 steps. In each group, thawed blastocysts were cocultured with cumulus cells in YS medium containing 20% hFF for 18h and transferred into the uterus. The implantation rate was evaluated per transferred blastocysts and the pregnancy rate was evaluated per transfers. RESULTS: The survival rate of vitrified group (74.5%) was higher than slow freezing group (68.0%), but not significant. When 98 thawed blastocysts of vitrification were transferred in 40 cycles, 19 pregnancies (clinical pregnancy rate; 47.5%) were established. One miscarriage occurred in the eighth week of pregnancy (ongoing pregnancy rate; 45.0%). 7 pregnancies were ongoing, 11 pregnancies went to term, and 16 healthy infants were born. The Implantation rate was 31.6%. These results were higher than those obtained by the slow freezing (clinical pregnancy rate; 40.3%, ongoing pregnancy rate; 32.5% and implantation rate; 25.3%), but not significant. CONCLUSION: Vitrification is a simple, quick and economical method when compared to slow freezing. It will be chosen as a good method of human embryo freezing in IVF-ET programs.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Blastocyst* ; Cumulus Cells ; Embryonic Structures ; Ethylene Glycol ; Female ; Freezing ; Glycerol ; Humans ; Infant ; Pregnancy Rate ; Pregnancy* ; Sucrose ; Survival Rate ; Uterus ; Vitrification* ; Water ; Zygote

No abstract available.
Eczema, Dyshidrotic* ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome* ; Immunization, Passive* ; Immunoglobulins*

PURPOSE: Memory complaints are common in patients with epilepsy, particularly temporal lobe epilepsy. Many factors may adversely affect memory function in epilepsy, including seizures themselves, pathology causing the epilepsy and antiepileptic medication. The Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) is used widely for test of memory. The aim of this study is to evaluate memory in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy using the WMS and to analyze memory impairment with respect to various factors. METHODS: Twenty four epileptic patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were evaluated with the WMS. Memory impairment was analyzed with respect to age at seizure onset, epilepsy duration, and antiepileptic medication. RESULTS: Memory test using the WMS showed significant differences between epileptic patients and controls for general information, mental control, associate learning, digit span and logical memory subtests. There was no correlation between memory quotient and age at seizure onset, epilepsy duration, or antiepileptic medication. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy have a memory impairment though none of the factors to impair memory function in epileptic patients could be identified.
Epilepsy ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe* ; Humans ; Learning ; Logic ; Memory* ; Pathology ; Seizures ; Temporal Lobe*

Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is a rare alcohol-related disorder that results in progressive demyelination and necrosis of the corpus callosum. The process may extend to the optic chiasm and tracts, cerebellar peduncle, subcortical resion, neighboring white matter, and rarely, cortical gray matter. We report a case of MBD in which fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging studies revealed symmetrical hyperintense lesions in the cerebral cortex in addition to the callosal lesions.
Alcoholism/complications ; Brain/pathology ; Cerebral Cortex/*pathology ; Corpus Callosum/*pathology ; Demyelinating Diseases/pathology ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Humans ; Male ; Marchiafava-Bignami Disease/*diagnosis/*pathology/*therapy ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis/pathology ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/pathology ; Optic Chiasm/pathology ; Seizures ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Vitamin B Complex/therapeutic use