Objective To investigate the medium and long-term influence of silicon oil versus heavy silicone oil on rabbit retinas.Methods 28 health standard rabbits were randomly divided into A,B and C groups,with 12,12 and 4 rabbits respectively.All rabbits received routine vitrectomy and tamponade with silicone oil (group A),or heavy silicone oil (group B) or balanced salt solution (group C).After 4,8,12 and 24 weeks,the retinal b-wave amplitude was measured by ERG,posterior retinal thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT).Retinal ultrastructure and tissue morphology were observed by transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy.Results Compare to group C,the b-wave amplitude decreased at 4 weeks after surgery,and decreased at 8 weeks after surgery for group B,and decreased at 8 weeks after surgery,and decreased at 24 weeks after surgery for group A.The decreases were greater in group B than group A at 8,12,24 weeks after surgery,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The posterior retinal thickness of group A and B was thinner than group C at 24 weeks after surgery (P＜0.05).The decreases were greater in group B than group A,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy revealed severe pathological changes of retinal ultrastructure and morphology in group A and B rabbit eyes,at 12 weeks and 8 weeks after surgery respectively.The changes were more severe in group B and group A,including edema and necrosis in cone/rod cells,in disk membranes,mitochondria,cytoplasm,nucleus and other organelles.The morphological changes were also more severe in group B and group A,including degenerations of ganglion cell layer,inner nuclear layer changes.Those changes became more severe when the tamponade time extended.Conclusion The heavy silicone influence on visual function,ultrastructures,histomorphology of rabbit retinas is much worse than the silicon oil,and the effect is more significant with its time prolong.

Objective: To investigate the methylation status of the promoters of RASSF1A and BLU genes in the renal carcinoma tissues and to assess their roles in the tumorigenesis of renal carcinoma. Methods: Methylation specific PCR (MSP) method was used to examine the methylation status of the promoters of RASSF1A and BLU genes in the renal carcinoma tissues of 26 patients with renal carcinoma and their corresponding adjacent normal tissues; and the results were analyzed. Results: We found that 17 (65.4%) of the renal carcinoma tissues had abnormal methylation of RASSF1A gene, and there was no abnormal methylation of RASSF1A in the adjacent normal tissues. Eleven(42.3%) of 26 renal cancer tissues had hypermethylation of BLU gene, and there was no hypermethylation of BLU gene in the corresponding adjacent tissues. Conclusion: Hypermethylation of RASSF1A and BLU genes is present in the renal carcinoma tissues, suggesting the hypermethylation of RASSF1A and BLU might be associated with the tumorigenesis of renal carcinoma.

Objective To study effective methods for improving the cure rate of hypospadias. Methods Microsurgical techniques were employed for the primary repair of different types of hypospadias in 64 pediatric cases. The patients were aged 7 months ~ 14 years (mean, 5.6 years). The location of the opening was at the glans and the coronal ditch in 16 cases, at the body of the penis in 36 cases, and at the scrotum and perineum in 12 cases. Accompanying malformations or morbidities included 3 cases of translocation of penis and scrotum, 4 cases of cryptorchidism, 2 cases of hydrocele, and 2 cases of indirect hernia. There were 1 case of previous chordee correction without urethroplasty and 2 cases of failure from a Duckett procedure. Different techniques were employed for different types of hypospadias: the meatoplasty and glanuloplasty (MAGPI) for subcoronal hypospadias, the Mathieu flip-flap procedure for proximal hypospadias, the Snodgrass repair or the Onlay island flap repair for distal hypospadias, the Duckett procedure or the Hodgson procedure for severe hypospadias with chordee, and the Duplay procedure combined with the Duckett procedure for anterior hypospadias. A cystostomy was required in 20 cases due to re-operation, unsatisfactory foreskin, or severe hypospadias. Results Fifty-seven cases were cured (89.1%, 57/64). The operation time was 90~180 min (mean, 120 min). The intraoperative blood loss was less than 15 ml. Surgical complications included 3 cases of urethral fistula and 4 cases of urethral stenosis. No urethral diverticulum was found. Follow-up checkups in 54 cases for 2~36 months (mean, 19 months) showed satisfactory curative results. Conclusions Use of microsurgery techniques, proper selection of surgical methods, and careful surgical performance are helpful to improve the success rate of the surgery. The microsurgery is feasible for infants and younger children with hypospadias.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is thought to arise from the interaction of environmental exposures and genet -ic susceptibility, and major research efforts are underwent to identify genetic determinants and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of COPD susceptibility.The suspected COPD genes include tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1), SERPINA1, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1) and superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3).A lot of Genome-Wide Association Study in COPD have identified some novel genes influencing COPD , such as CHRNA3/5, IREB2, HHIP and FAM13A.This review detailedly describe the advances in this field .

Objective To investigate the characteristics and clinical significance of peripheral blood dendritic cell (DC) subsets in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Twenty-six HCC patients were enrolled for study. Twenty three patients with chronic HBV infection and twenty healthy individuals were entered as controls. Peripheral blood DC subsets and lymphocyte subsets of patients and healthy subjects were analyzed by flow cytometry. Interferon-?(IFN-?) production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) induced by inactivated herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) was measured by a human IFN-? ELISA kit. Results Compared with healthy subjects, patients with HCC had a significantly decreased proportion and absolute number of DC1 and DC2 (P

Objective To identify impacts of antiviral therapy on the frequency and interferon (IFN)-?-producing ability of circulating type 2 pre-dendritic cells(pDC2)as well as lymphocyte subsets in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)infection. Methods Thirty-three patients with chronic HBV infection and 25 healthy individuals as controls were enrolled in our study. Two kinds of drugs, lamivudine and IFN-?, were used in antiviral regimen respectively. Absolute numbers of circulating pDC2 and lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry consecutively. The IFN-?-producing function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) representing the circulating pDC2 was determined by ELISA assay. Results In patients with chronic HBV infection, the frequency and function of pDC2 decreased compared with those found in healthy controls. After antiviral treatment for 6 months, lamivudine seemed to induce the increase of frequency and absolute number of pDC2. The absolute numbers of peripheral CD8~+ T-cells and NK cells were simultaneously found to ascend. A similar result was also observed in chronically HBV-infected humans with 6 months duration of IFN-? therapy. Conclusions Our results showed that lamivudine or IFN-? antiviral treatment could increase the number of peripheral pDC2 and CD8~+ T-cells in the patients with chronic HBV infection.

Objective To examine adult speech recognition for words presented in different background noise when the adults used 4-band tri-microphone and traditional tri-microphone hearing aid technology,and to examine the ability of sound location when using wireless remote control.Methods A total 40(female 29,male 11) subjects with moderate to severe bilateral sensorineural hearing loss were encountered in this test,and were divided into two groups(group A and group B).With binaural fitting ACURIS P(frequency specific tri-microphone adaptive mode) and Triano 3 P(Tri-microphone adaptive mode),the patients were tested with speech recognition in two sound field through PB test and the accurateness of sound localization were investigated through questionnaire.Results Significant differences were found between the mean L50(the S/N at which 50% of running speech is correctly understood) obtained from group A versus group B in Tri-microphone adaptive directional condition in multiple sound fields(P

Objective:To observe the effects of toadpoison and arsenic on the ultrastructure of dental pulp,Methods :Dental pulp of 36 teeth in 3 dogs was exposed by operation and then direct dressing with toadpoison paste or arsenic paste was performed. 1,2,6 and 24 hours after operation ,the pulps were processed and examinedunder a trasmission electron microscope (JEM-2000EX). Results:In toadpoison treated group ,the deformityof the basernembrane of pulp nerve ,swelling of metochondrion,degeneration of nerve axite were observed 1 h after dressing,and were more obvious in 2, 6 and 24 h. Damage of capillary and pulp cells were alsoobserved.In arsenic treated group ,swelling and break of capillaries ,deformity and degeneration of mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum in endoepithelial cells were observed,and were more obvious following time lasting. Damages of pulp nerve and pulp cells were also observed. Conclusion:Toadpoison and arsenic are toxic to pulp tissues. But the angiotoxicity of arsenic is stronger than that of toadpoison,the neurotoxicity and protoplasmic toxicity of toadpoison are stronger than those of arsenic.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct an economic evaluation of Baofukang versus Langyi in the treatment of pregnancy with vulvovaginal candidiasis by means of cost-minimization analysis. Furthermore, provide reference for reasonable clinical prescription and decision-making. METHODS: Meta-analysis was conducted to support the safety data and effectiveness data of pharmacoeconomic evaluation based on literature review; guidelines and clinical experts' suggestion were used to find out treatment routes to calculate total direct medical costs. Cost-minimization analysis was conducted from the societal perspective. RESULTS: The total direct medical costs of group Baofukang was lower than group Langyi's. Sensitivity analysis indicated the results were robust. CONCLUSION: In contrast with Langyi, Baofukang is a more economic therapy in the treatment of pregnancy with vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Recent years, China has released a series of policies to encourage drug research and development in pediatric populations, aiming to meet pediatric populations' medical needs. Because of the physical and psychological developmental characteristics, tolerance of aversive feelings when taking medications are different between pediatric population and adults. So pediatric populations are at a relatively higher risk of not taking medications as prescribed when the medication tasted unpleasant. Therefore, sound design and evaluation of oral sensory features have important clinical significance and value in developing pediatric medications. "Technical guidance for the design and evaluation of the oral sensory features of pediatric drugs (trial version) " was released in November 2022, by Centre for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration of China. Based on the guidance, this article will introduce the drafting background and review considerations, hoping to provide reference for the design and evaluation of oral sensory features, and promote drug developing in pediatric population.