No abstract available.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* ; Hypothyroidism*

BACKGROUND: Hospital-wide surveillance showed an up to 9% increase in the incidence rate of the nasal transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among health care workers (HCWs) in a tertiary care hospital where MRSA is endemic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge of and attitude towards nasal transmission of MRSA and hand-washing practice among HCWs and determine the behavioral factors associated with the nasal transmission of MRSA. METHODS: In a 750-bed tertiary care hospital, nasal swabs from HCWs were obtained, and questionnaires with 25 questions were distributed to HCWs who were divided into 2 different groups: MRSA carriers and non-carriers. The questionnaires focused on the HCWs' knowledge about the mode of MRSA transmission and precautions against MRSA infection and their self-reported compliance for hand hygiene. RESULTS: The total number of respondents for the surveillance culture and survey were 253 (51 MRSA carriers and 202 non-carriers). There was significant difference between the 2 groups on the knowledge of precautionary measures used for the MRSA patients in the hospital (P=0.026). Compared to the MRSA carriers, the non-carriers washed their hands significantly more frequently after ventilator care (P=0.004) and used more alcohol sanitizers (P=0.023). However, no significant difference was observed in hand-washing practices of both the groups before the medical procedures, their knowledge about the mode of transmission of MRSA, and the duration of hand washing. CONCLUSION: Non-carriers replied more accurately to the questions on knowledge about the management and treatment of MRSA, and they considered interventions such as surveillance cultures and questionnaires to be an effective method in lowering the incidence of nosocomial infections. Compared to the MRSA carriers, the non-carriers showed higher hand-washing compliance.
Compliance ; Cross Infection ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Delivery of Health Care ; Drug Resistance ; Hand ; Hand Disinfection ; Humans ; Incidence ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Tertiary Healthcare ; Ventilators, Mechanical

No abstract available.
Bone Density* ; Estrogens* ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Alprostadil* ; Lower Extremity* ; Thromboangiitis Obliterans*

No abstract available.
Lower Extremity ; Thromboangiitis Obliterans

No abstract available.
Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Prognosis*

No abstract available.

The expression of p62"' and p2l can be seen in many solid tumor, but the pattern and incidence of expression were different according to organ, countries, and examiners, thus it is not definitely defined. Total 67 colorectal carcinoma in paraffin sections are analysed by immunohistochemically for evaluation of the p62and p21- expression according to the age, sex, chief complaints, location, differentiation, modified Dukes stage, using the specific monoclonal antibodies. The results were summarized as follows : The age of patients ranged from 32 years to 82 years. The mean age was 57.6 years. The expression of p 62y' and p21 was not correlated with age. Male was 29 cases(43.3%) and female was 38 cases(56.7%). The male to female ratio was 1:1.31. The and 95.0% in moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, 90.0% and 90.0% in poorly differentiated <,;, adenocarcmoma, 100.0% and 100.0% in mucinous carcinoma. The positive rate of p62!and and p2l' was 94.1% and 88.2% in Dukes stage B,, 96.0% and 96.0% in Dukes stage B,, 100.0% and 100.0% in Dukes stage C,, 100.0% and 88.9% in Dukes stage C, and 100.0% and 100. o% in Dukes stage D. The expression of p62 y' in metastatic colorectal carcinoma showed diffuse and strongly positive reaction than primary colorectal carcinoma. The expression of p21 in primary colorectal carcinoma showed diffuse and strongly positive reaction than metastatic colorectal carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Incidence ; Male ; Oncogene Proteins* ; Oncogenes* ; Paraffin

This study detects and defines the patterns of p53 gene mutations in breast cancers. We analyse p53 gene mutations through comparing the results of single-strand-conformation-polymorphism (SSCP) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), and we try to define the differences between the results of SSCP and IHC. Twenty-seven fresh primary breast cancer tissues and eight normal breast tissues were studied. The IHC was done with the usual streptavidin-biotin peroxidase complement method by using monoclonal antibody DO-7. The results of staining was scored. The SSCP method was done by using Cold SSCP Electrophoresis System. Overexpressions of p53 protein were seven (25.9%) among 27 cancer cases on IHC. Four (57.1%) of seven cases were positive in SSCP. In SSCP, the mutations were detected in 10 (37%) among 27 cancer cases. The mutations were two in exon 5, one in exon 8, and seven cases in exon 7. All of 10 mutations were proved by sequencing analysis. Of them, only four (40%) were positive in IHC. We consider the IHC as a screening method for p53 gene mutations.
Adult ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics* ; Comparative Study ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Genes, p53/genetics* ; Human ; Immunohistochemistry ; Middle Age ; Mutation* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Protein p53/genetics ; Protein p53/biosynthesis ; Silver Staining/methods*

Aging processes are inevitably accompanied by structural and functional changes in vital organs. Skeletal muscle, which accounts for 40% of total body weight, deteriorates quantitatively and qualitatively with aging. Skeletal muscle is known to play diverse crucial physical and metabolic roles in humans. Sarcopenia is a condition characterized by significant loss of muscle mass and strength. It is related to subsequent frailty and instability in the elderly population. Because muscle tissue is involved in multiple functions, sarcopenia is closely related to various adverse health outcomes. Along with increasing recognition of the clinical importance of sarcopenia, several international study groups have recently released their consensus on the definition and diagnosis of sarcopenia. In practical terms, various skeletal muscle mass indices have been suggested for assessing sarcopenia: appendicular skeletal muscle mass adjusted for height squared, weight, or body mass index. A different prevalence and different clinical implications of sarcopenia are highlighted by each definition. The discordances among these indices have emerged as an issue in defining sarcopenia, and a unifying definition for sarcopenia has not yet been attained. This review aims to compare these three operational definitions and to introduce an optimal skeletal muscle mass index that reflects the clinical implications of sarcopenia from a metabolic perspective.
Aged ; Aging ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Consensus ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Prevalence ; Sarcopenia*