The authors analysed statically 420 Cases of the ocular trauma among 35,460 patients who visited to the emergency department, from Jul. 1995 to Jun. 1996. Ocular trauma is one of the commonest causes of eye diseases and blindness, but its patterns and incidences are variable according to the environment. A large number of patients can be readily treated in the emergency department. Prevention is, of course, the best management, but when an ocular injury occurs, proper emergency treatment can often prevent permanent damage.
Blindness ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Emergency Treatment ; Eye Diseases ; Humans ; Incidence

BACKGROUND: Cerebral white matter lesions(WMLs), such as leukoaraiosis, may be related to damage from cerebral ischemia and may also be associated with the degenerative process. The apolipoprotein E (APOE) 4 allele is a risk factor for degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer`s disease, and ischemic brain damage through acceleration of atherosclerosis. No study has been performed regarding WMLs and APOE genotype in Korea. We investigated the association between WMLs and APOE among Koreans. METHODS: Brain MRI was performed in 225 subjects(ages 61 to 85 years) without neuropsychiatric disease randomly selected from the Ansan Health Cohort Study. WMLs observed on 225 MRI scans were rated in terms of severity by 2 raters. All study subjects underwent APOE genotyping. RESULTS: WMLs were observed in 109(48.4%) of subjects. In the subjects with WMLs, the distribution of APOE genotypes was 0.9% for epsilon 2/epsilon 2, 11.0% for epsilon2/epsilon3, 1.8% for epsilon2/epsilon4, 61.5% for epsilon3/epsilon3, 22.9% for epsilon3/epsilon4, and 1.8% for epsilon4/epsilon4, respectively. The distribution of APOE genotypes did not differ between subjects with and without WMLs. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that there is no association between WMLs and APOE genotypes in Koreans.
Acceleration ; Alleles ; Apolipoproteins E ; Apolipoproteins* ; Atherosclerosis ; Brain ; Brain Ischemia ; Cohort Studies ; Genotype ; Gyeonggi-do ; Korea ; Leukoaraiosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Risk Factors

Most adenocarcinomas of the colorectum arise in a visible benign precursor lesion, the adenoma, which is a monoclonal proliferation of dysplastic nonmalignant epithelial cells. Adenoma-adenocarcinoma sequence has been represented as the predominat pathogenetic pathway. But a small flat depressed colon cancer is characterized by non-polypoid growth pattem with no association of adenomatous tissues, which has tendency to early submucosal invasion and lymph node metastasis even in very small lesion (<10 mm). It supports de novo carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer, although most colorectal cancerarise in pre-existing adenoma. We report a case of small float colon adenocarcinoma arising in normal colonic epithelium rather than adenomatous polyp in familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Adenoma ; Adenomatous Polyposis Coli* ; Adenomatous Polyps ; Carcinogenesis ; Colon* ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Intraoperative echocardiography (IOE), mostly done by transesophageal methods, provides an important means of accessing cardiac structure and function during cardiac and noncardiac surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of IOE by identifying the frequency of the use of IOE during cardiac surgery, the rate of second pump operations determined by IOE findings, and the results of the operations. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty-five patients (93 lesions) underwent cardiac surgery with the concomitant IOE done by a cardiologist in a single institution between March 1997 and October 1998. The data was collected retrospectively by reviewing the hospital records and IOE videotapes. IOE was applied to 18.9% of total cardiac operations, primarily being used in MV surgery (48.4%). A pre-pump IOE was done in 2 cases and the post-pump procedure was done in the remainder. A second pump operation was performed in 4 cases (6.25%) and all of these were found to be successful after immediate re-operation. CONCLUSION: IOE was primarily used in valve operations, particularly in procedures involving the mitral valve. IOE appears to be useful in determining the immediate results following cardiac surgery and may contribute to determining the prognosis of the patient.
Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal* ; Hospital Records ; Humans ; Mitral Valve ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracic Surgery ; Videotape Recording

BACKGROUND: The primitive reflexes such as palmomental, glabella, snout, nuchocephalic reflexes may appear in a variety of diseases of the central nervous system. In this study, we investigated the frequencies of these primitive reflexes in the healthy elderly Korean population that have never been studied before. METHODS: Randomly selected 103 vol-unteers aged older than 60 years were examined by neurologists with a systemic neurological examination which included primitive reflexes and by radiologists with neuroimaging. Seven subjects were excluded from the study due to abnormal findings in the MRI of one subject and unusual neurological signs in 6 subjects. RESULTS: The overall mean age of the subjects was 66.5 years. One or more of the primitive reflexes were seen in 26 (24.9%) subjects. Eighteen (17.2%) subjects showed the palmomental reflex; eleven (10.5%) subjects showed the glabella reflex; five (4.8%) sub-jects showed the snout reflex; and one (1.0%) subject showed the nuchocephalic reflex. One subject had palmomental, glabella as well as snout reflexes, and five subjects had two primitive reflexes at the same time. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the normal findings from the neurological examinations and neuroimaging, 24.9% of healthy aged people had one or more primitive reflexes. The presence of these primitive reflexes as an isolated phenomenon may not imply brain lesions. (J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(4):380~383, 2001)
Aged* ; Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neuroimaging ; Neurologic Examination ; Reflex*

BACKGROUND: Limited information about the effects of stroke on sexual functioning is available. The purpose of this study was to assess the influences of ischemic stroke on sexual functioning and to evaluate the clinical and psychological factors related to poststroke sexual dysfunctions. METHODS:Sixty-six male post-ischemic stroke patients and fifty-one age-matched healthy controls completed a self-administered questionnaire on sexual functioning. The localization of ischemic stroke was determined by neuroimaging findings as well as focal neurological signs. The degree of disability and the degree of depression were also assessed. RESULTS: All domains of sexual functioning, including erectile functions, orgas-mic functions, sexual desire, intercourse satisfaction, and overall satisfaction were decreased in poststroke patients. Patients with occipital lesions had a lesser degree of sexual dysfunctions than those with lesions affecting other areas (p<0.05). Also, sexual dysfunctions in stroke patients were related to the degree of physical disability and the presence of depression (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Sexual dysfunctions are common in stroke patients. The reasons for sexual dysfunc-tions after stroke are multifaceted, which include stroke lesion site, physiological factors, and psychosocial factors. (J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(4):342~348, 2001)
Depression ; Humans ; Male ; Neuroimaging ; Psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Stroke*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of 1-day frequency-volume charts in assessing lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between Jan. 2006 and Dec. 2006, we retrospectively analyzed the medical records of men with LUTS due to BPH who visited our out-patient department. All of 70 men completed 3-days frequency-volume chart for the initial evaluation of their LUTS. We compared mean values of variables with values from respective days. Test-retest reliability was evaluated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The mean age was 66.7 years, mean prostate size was 33.6ml, mean IPSS was 18, and mean maximal flow rate was 13.8ml/s. The mean total voided volume was 1716.3ml/day, mean number of voids was 9.2/day, mean number of daytime voids was 7.1, and mean number of nocturnal voids was 2.0. No significant differences were found between the three 24-hr periods for the variables from the charts by ANOVA test. The intraclass correlation coefficients were mostly 0.7-0.9. But nocturnal bladder capacity was slightly less reliable than other variables, 0.557. Mean voiding volume, total voiding number, and daytime frequencyhad the high reliability. CONCLUSIONS: A 1-day frequency-volume charts can be sufficiently reliable to provide an insight into a patient's voiding behavior. But more research of high quality is required, especially into the relationship of frequency-volume charts duration with compliance.
Compliance ; Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms* ; Male ; Medical Records ; Outpatients ; Prostate* ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder

We report a case in which a cavernous hemangioma in the midbrain was completely removed. Two days prior to hospitalization, a 32-year-old female patient, who had complained of intermittent headache, presented with deteriorated consciousness. Neurological examination revealed anisocoria, no response to lights, diplopia in a superior and inferior direction, increased deep tendon reflexes, and an unceratin response to examination. Radiology revealed a deep cavernous hemagioma in the midbrain and there was evidence of recurrent bleeding, especially on MRI. To remove the cavernous hemangioma, she underwent extraventricular drainage(EVD), craniotomy(using the suboccipital transtentorial approach), and ventriculoperitoneal shunt and recovered. She has now been followed up for 1 year and 6 months, and is leading a normal life. We have concluded that excellent results may be possible with in the case of symptomatic cavernous hemangioma, an awareness precise anatomical location, a well designed approach and of possible neurologic deficits, this is so even in the midbrain.
Adult ; Anisocoria ; Consciousness ; Diplopia ; Female ; Headache ; Hemangioma, Cavernous* ; Hemorrhage ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mesencephalon* ; Neurologic Examination ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Reflex, Stretch ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

PURPOSE: Thin glomerular basement membrane disease(TGBMD) is found in patients with family history of hematuria. TGBMD is autosomal dominant and is known to be one of the commonest causes of asymptomatic hematuria. This study was conducted to evaluate the histological and clinical features of patients with TGBMD. METHODS: 150 cases diagnosed with TGBMD by renal biopsy while admitted in the department of pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital between January 1999 and December 2003 comprised the study group. The following parameters were retrospectively analyzed:age of onset, hematuria pattern, existence of proteinuria, process of diagnosis, laboratory findings, thickness and character of basement membrane and family history. RESULTS: The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 7.9 years. The male to female ratio was 65:77. 94 patients or 66% visited the hospital with a chief complaint of persistent microscopic hematuria. Gross hematuria accounted for 13 cases or 9%. 78 cases(55%) were found to have hematuria for the first time from a routine school urinalysis screening. The renal biopsy showed the thickness of basement membrane to be 186+/-36 nm. Focal lamellation of the basement membrane was found in eight cases. In the family history, hematuria was shown in 10 cases on the paternal side, 13 on the maternal side and none on both sides. In seven cases, hematuria was shown among siblings. No significant differences were found among the laboratory test results which were conducted at an average interval of fifteen months. CONCLUSION: TGBMD is one of the major causes of asymptomatic hematuria in children, which was diagnosed in increasing numbers since school urinary mass screening test started in 1998. In cases with familial progressive renal disease or focal duplication in the basement membrane Alport syndrome should be considered.
Basement Membrane ; Biopsy ; Child* ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Glomerular Basement Membrane* ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Nephritis, Hereditary ; Pediatrics ; Proteinuria ; Retrospective Studies ; Siblings ; Urinalysis

Gastritis cystica profunda (GCP) is a rare disease in which hyperplastic and cystic dilatation of the gastric mucous glands extend into the tissues beneath the submucosa. GCP is mainly observed at the site of a gastroenterostomy; however, it may occur in the stomach without a previous history of surgery. GCP may present not only as a submucosal tumor or as solitary or diffuse polyps but also rarely as a giant gastric mucosal fold. In a patient without a previous history of surgery, GCP presents mainly as a sessile polypoid protrusion or as a submucosal tumor. In addition, GCP presents with non-specific symptoms and is most commonly found incidentally. We present a case of GCP that developed upper gastrointestinal bleeding and showed a long stalk and a focal ulcerative lesion on the surface of a polyp that developed in the stomach without a history of previous surgery. This lesion was removed by the use of an endoscopic polypectomy and was histologically diagnosed as GCP.
Dilatation ; Gastritis* ; Gastroenterostomy ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Polyps ; Rare Diseases ; Stomach ; Ulcer