No abstract available.
Instinct* ; Motion Pictures as Topic*

No abstract available.
Female ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic*

No abstract available.
Mass Screening* ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Critical Care* ; Maternal Mortality*

No abstract available.
Estrogen Replacement Therapy* ; Female

BACKGROUND: The value of serum lipid in children after recovery of Kawasaki disease may be important bacause of the predilection of this disease for the coronary artery. METHODS: To determine the alterations in serum total cholesterol(TC) and high density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol levels in Kawasaki disease(KD), we measured serum HDL-cholesterol and TC in 35 patients(mean age 36.8+/-22.0 months, range 6 to 93 months) with Kawasaki disease(KD) during 10 days or less after the onset(group A) and 2 months later after recovery. TC and HDL-cholesterol were also measured in an acute febrile respiratory illness group(group B) and a nonfebrile respiratory illness group(group C) to compare with those of KD. RESULTS: HDL-cholesterol levels in group A were depressed(29.6+/-11.0mg/dl) compared with group B and C(47.3+/-13.3mg/dl and 45.1+/-12.4mg.dl, respectively, p<0.01). TC levels in group A(145.1+/-33.1mg/dl) were not significantly different from those of group B(146.8+/-33.4mg/dl) and C(157.1+/-29.6mg/dl). Also the level of serum HDL-cholesterol in the acute phase of KD was significantly lower when compared with that after recovery(30.2+/-13.2mg/dl vs 50.0+/-10.2mg/dl, p<0.05). In KD patients, TC levels were not significantly different between the acute & recovery phase(145.0+/-26.6mg/dl, 153.4+/-32.6mg/dl). Echo-cardiography confirmed coronary artery aneurysms in 11 patients(31.4%) and otherwise, normal findings(n=24) in the KD group. There were no significant difference in TC level(140.7+/-27.6mg/dl vs. 146.9+/-35.4mg/dl, p=NS) and HDL cholesterol level(30.1+/-12.5mg/dl vs. 29.2+/-10.7mg/dl, p=NS) between patients with and without coronary aneurysms. CONCLUSIONS: HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly depressed only in the acute phase of KD but TC levels did not change significantly. Both levels were not related to coronary artery aneurysm.
Aneurysm ; Child ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Coronary Aneurysm ; Coronary Vessels ; Humans ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Asthma*

OBJECTIVE: The conventional methods to determine fetal genetic status, such as amniocentesis or chorionic villi sampling(CVS) have small procedure-related risk of abortion. Recently, several researchers reported that fetal genetic status, such as sex, can be confirmed by fetal nucleated erythrocytes in maternal blood and this method might reduce such risk. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to determine the basic fetal genetic status, sex, with fetal nucleated erythrocytes. METHODS: In twelve pregnant women who undertook amniocentesis or CVS, 20 ml of venous blood was drawn immediately before the procedure and the nucleated erythrocytes were recovered by magnetic activated cell sorting(MACS). After MACS, DNA was extracted from 200 microliter of sample and single nucleated erythrocyte was obtained by additional procedure, immunostaining, and microdissection. After recovery of nucleated erythrocytes by microdissection, nested polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and fluorescent PCR of amelogenin gene were performed to identify the fetal gender. RESULTS: The DNA of enriched erythrocytes after MACS could identify the fetal gender in the 58.3% of the samples by nested PCR. After the recovery of single nucleated erythrocyte by MACS, immunostaining and microdissection, the minute DNA in a single cell could be amplified by primer extension preamplification(PEP), nested PCR, and fluorescent PCR. Fetal genders were correctly identified in 8 out of 12 (66.7 %). CONCLUSION: Through this study, we could conclude that fetal nucleated erythrocytes in maternal blood might be sufficient sample to determine fetal sex. And single cell isolation by microdissection could get the better results than nested PCR after MACS only. However, in spite of the pregnancy of male fetus, female specific bands were obtained after nested PCR of amelogenin in several cells, which might suggest that part of nucleated erythrocytes in maternal blood might be maternal origin. Therefore, to determine fetal genetic condition by nucleated erythrocytes in maternal blood, further improvements of methods to identify the nucleated erythrocytes of fetal origin are needed.
Amelogenin ; Amniocentesis ; Cell Separation ; Chorionic Villi ; Diagnosis* ; DNA ; Erythroblasts* ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Male ; Microdissection ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women

BACKGROUND: Outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB) are caused by the low rate of treatment response due to limitation in number of available drugs and high rates of adverse drug side-effects. This study analysed the risk factors for MDR-TB patients, who did not respond to treatment, with an aim to improve the rate of treatment response. METHODS: Retrospective study of 111 MDR-TB patients at National Mokpo Tuberculosis Hospital from Jan. 1996 to Dec. 1998 was made. The patients were separated into tow groups ; group I comprised of patients who were treated successfully and group II comprised of those were not treated successfully. In order to analyze the risk facotrs for treatment faulure, differences between the two groups were compared and the confidence limit regarding the results were tested using an independent t-test, chi-square test and a Fisher's exact tets. RESULTS: The treatment failure rate of MDO-TB patients was 32% (36 patients), and treatment success rate 68%(75 patients). This study found no significant difference between two groups in terms of age, sex, family history, extent of the disease on the chest X-ray, the number of sensitive drugs in the treatment regimen, and the number of sensitive bactericidal drugs in the treatement regimen (p>0.05). However, a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis, cavitary lesions on the chest X-ray, the number of tretaments, the number of resistant drugs and the number of drugs used showed a significant difference(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The rate of treatment failure in MDR-TB was increased by a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis, cavitary lesions on the chest X-ray, the number of treatments, the number of resistant drugs and the number of drugs used. For improving the treatment response of MDR-TB, every effort should be made to reduce the drug resistance caused by failure of the first treatment.
Disease Outbreaks ; Drug Resistance ; Hospitals, Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Thorax ; Treatment Failure* ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

PURPOSE: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate whether additional intraoperative injection of Tarasyn (ketorolac tromethamine) provided a preemptive analgesic effect that improved postoperative pain. METHODS: Sixty patients scheduled for hemorrhoidectomy were randomly assigned to the study and control groups. For the control group (n=32), patients were treated with standard intravenous injections of Nubain (Nalbuphine hydrochloride; Jeil Pharmaceuticals Co, Seoul) per 8 hours for three times postoperatively for pain relief. In the study group (Tarasyn group, n=28), 60 mg of Tarasyn (ketorolac tromethamine; Roche Korea, Seoul) was injected into the internal sphincter muscle and around the operative wound at the time of hemorrhoidectomy as well as standard intravenous injections of Nubain . Parameters were measured of pain score from 0 (no pain) to 10 (agonizing pain), painless sound sleep, additional analgesic requirements, time to first bowel movement, and postoperative urinary retention. RESULTS: Rate of painless sound sleep was 75.0% and 53.1% in the Tarasyn and the control groups, respectively, which was significant statically between two groups (P<0.05). Time to first bowel movement was 2 and 3.2 days in Tarasyn and the control groups, respectively, which was also significant statistically (P<0.05). Voiding difficulty developed in one case (3.5%) in the Tarasyn group and he needed catheterization. In the control group, however, the number (15 cases, 46.9%; P<0.001) was much higher requiring more catherization (13 cases, 40.9%; P<0.001). Mean pain scores was significant statically between two groups (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The data suggest that the use of intraoperative injection of Tarasyn is associated with a significant decrease in pain and urinary complications after hemorrhoidectomy.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Hemorrhoidectomy* ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Korea ; Nalbuphine ; Pain, Postoperative ; Prospective Studies* ; Tromethamine ; Urinary Retention ; Wounds and Injuries