PURPOSE: To inform the necessity of mass screening, we performed a mass screening for the detection of ocular disorders of preschool children. METHODS: Ocular examination was performed on 60, 827 children in Korea (3-6 years of age) during the period from March to October, 2000. The total of 3, 254 children were shown to have either visual acuity of less than 0.5 or anisometropia of over 2 lines. Detailed eye examination was conducted on those 3, 254 children. RESULTS: The numbers of first mass screening were 60, 826. Diagnosis consisted of refractive errors in 2, 216, amblyopia in 664, and strabismus in 235. Among the types of refractive errors, myopic astigmatism was the most common type (34.0%). Astigmatism was combined with all other types in 1, 659 children. Refractive error was the most common cause of amblyopia (88.0%) CONCLUSIONS: To prevent and treat amblyopia or strabismus, early detection and adequate care at preschool age seemed to be very effective. Participation rate for this mass-screening of eye disease during preschool age will be more increased by efforts of constiutional support and parental cooperation.
Amblyopia ; Anisometropia ; Astigmatism ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis ; Eye Diseases ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mass Screening ; Parents ; Refractive Errors ; Strabismus ; Vision Screening* ; Visual Acuity

41 cases of complicated cataract in leprosy patients were operated on from May 1989 to March 1990 at National Sorok Island Hospital. In all cases, extracapsular cataract extraction was attempted and sector or peripheral iridectomy was performed. Inferior sphincterotomy was not done in any of the cases. The postoperative results were very satisfactory in most of the operating cases. The results are as follows; 1) Corrected vision above 0.1 was obtained in 29 eyes(70.7%). 2) Corrected vision from F.C. to 0.09 was obtained in 8 eyes(19.5%). 3) Corrected vision below H.M. was obtained in 4 eyes(9.8%). 4) 37 eyes(90.2%) among the total 41 showed an improvement of corrected vision.
Cataract Extraction ; Cataract* ; Humans ; Iridectomy ; Leprosy*

BACKGROUND: During pediatric general anesthesia with Mapleson D-circuit, we used large amount of FGF(fresh gas flow) for avoidance of rebreathing of expired gas but low FGF are employed, the amount of anesthetic consumption and air contamination can be reduced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fact that FGF of 220 ml/kg/min is clinically acceptable. METHODS: We selected sixty children weighing < or =20 kg who were scheduled for inguinal hernia repair under general anesthesia. The study was performed by 2 steps; In the step 1, the patients were divided into two groups according to weight(less than or greater than 8 kg) and end-tidal Pco2 were compared with simultaneous arterial Pco2 measurements. In the step 2, the patients were divided into two groups according to FGF(2MV or 220 ml/kg) and arterial Pco2, end tidal Pco2 and PminCO2(minimum inspired Pco2) were measured. RESULTS: In the step 1 study, arterial Pco2 was significantly higher than end-tidal Pco2 in the group 1 and there was slight difference in arterial Pco2 and end-tidal Pco2 in the group 2. In the step 2 study, PaCO2, PetCO2, PminCO2 were significantly increased in the group 3 than group 2 but there were no clinical hypoxemia in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: We consider that FGF of 220 ml/kg/min is appropriate during controlled ventilation with Mapleson D circuit in children weighing > or =8 kg because of economic and ecological advantages. Also, we consider FGF can be reduced in children weighing <8 kg under accurate respiratory gas monitoring.
Anesthesia, General* ; Anesthetics ; Anoxia ; Blood Pressure ; Child ; Heart Rate ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Ventilation

BACKGROUND: The 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptor is a member of the Cys-loop superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) and modulated by pharmacologic relevant concentrations of volatile anesthetics or n-alcohols like most receptors of LGICs. The goal of this study was to reveal whether the site-directed single mutations of E-106, F-107 and R-222 in 5-HT3 receptor may affect the anesthetic modulation of halothane known as positive modulator. METHODS: The wild-type and mutant receptors, E106D, F107Y, R222F, R222V, were expressed in Xenopus Laevis oocytes and receptor function was assessed using two electrode voltage clamp techniques. RESULTS: E106D, F107Y, R222F, R222V mutant 5-HT3A receptors were functionally expressed. F107Y mutant 5-HT3A receptors displayed decreased sensitivity to 5-HT compared to the wild type 5-HT3A receptor (P < 0.05). Halothane showed positive modulation in both wild and F107Y mutant 5-HT3A receptors but F107Y mutant 5-HT3 receptor showed greater enhancing modulation comparing to wild-type receptor. Meanwhile, R222F and R222V mutant 5-HT3 receptor lost positive modulation with 1 and 2 MAC of halothane. Most interestingly, positive modulation by halothane was converted into negative modulation in E106D mutant 5-HT3A receptor. CONCLUSIONS: The present study implicate the amino acid residues known for agonist binding and linking agonist binding to channel gating might also have important role for anesthetic modulation in 5-HT3A receptor.
Anesthetics ; Electrodes ; Electrophysiology ; Halothane ; Ligand-Gated Ion Channels ; Oocytes ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3 ; Serotonin ; Xenopus laevis

PURPOSE: We compared therapeutic efficacy and steroid-induced IOP elevation of 1% rimexolone with that of 0.1% fluorometholone. METHODS: Of all LASIK treated eyes from March of 2001 to December of 2002 in Sungae General Hospital, 46 eyes were treated with 1% rimexolone and 46 eyes were treated with 0.1% fluorometholone. And we measured the degree of myopic regression (1 day, 1 month, 3 month) and intraocular pressure (1 month). RESULTS: Statistically signicant difference in therapeutic efficacy of myopic regression, and no statistically signicant difference in IOP were found. The therapeutic efficacy of 1% rimexolone was higher. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that application of 1% rimexolone was more useful in myopic regression following LASIK rather than that of 0.1% fluorometholone.
Fluorometholone* ; Hospitals, General ; Intraocular Pressure ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ*

Labyrinthitis causes damage to inner ear structure, and in turn hearing loss and vertigo. Labyrinthitis is classified as otogenic labyrinthitis and meningogenic labyrinthitis. Otogenic labyrinthitis can be diagnosed early through otoscopic examination. However, when there are no characteristic neurologic symptoms in patients with meningogenic labyrinthitis, clinicians can overlook the underlying meningitis and this may lead to the peripheral vertigo. We encountered an unusual case of meningogenic labyrinthitis that is misdiagnosed as peripheral dizziness.
Dizziness ; Ear, Inner ; Hearing Loss ; Humans ; Labyrinthitis ; Meningitis ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Vertigo

Endometriosis is a relatively common disease, affecting 5-10% of women of reproductive age. But, endometriosis affecting the urinary tract is very rare entity. Involvement of urinary tract by endometriosis occurs in about 1% of women with pelvic endometriosis. Ureteral endometriosis is mostly asymptomatic for a long time, and associated with nonspecific symptoms at clinical presentation and difficult preoperative diagnosis. The involvement of the ureter is rarely intrinsic by implantation of endometrial tissue in the wall of the ureter, but rather due to external compression by adjacent endometriosis and its attendant inflammation and fibrosis. We have experienced a case of right severe hydroureteronephrosis due to ureteral stricture from endometriosis. Laparoscopic nephrectomy was done due to renal atrophy. At the same time, laparoscopic total hysterectomy with right salpingo-oophorectomy was performed because of the uterine adenomyosis and right ovarian endometrioma. So, we report that with a brief review of literatures.
Adenomyosis ; Atrophy ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Diagnosis ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis* ; Hysterectomy ; Inflammation ; Nephrectomy ; Ureter* ; Urinary Tract

A 72-year-old man presented with incidentally found palpable abdominal mass of unknown duration. On admission, he had blood pressure of 120/80mmHg and pulse of 70 beats per minute. He consumed a pack of cigarettes per day for 45 years. He denied any prior chest pain episodes. The serum lipid profiles were within normal range. Electrocardiogram revealed sinus rhythm without ST-T wave change. Digital subtraction angiography revealed aneurysmal dilatation of both common iliac arteries to the proximal part of the external iliac arteries. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed normal left ventricular wall motion except a pseu-doaneurysm at the apex (Fig. 1). Color Doppler (Fig. 2) and intravenous contrast echocardiography (Fig. 3) showed free blood flow communication through the neck of the pseudoaneurysm. Coronary angiography revealed no significant luminal narrowing of coronary arteries. Left ventriculogram showed an aneurysm at the apex (Fig. 4). During the period of 8 months follow-up, the patient did not have any event or complain any symptom.
Aged ; Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, False* ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Blood Pressure ; Chest Pain ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Vessels ; Dilatation ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Iliac Artery ; Neck ; Phenobarbital ; Reference Values ; Tobacco Products

The iliopsoas bursa is a normal anatomical structure that lies deep to the iliopsoas tendon in the region of the hip joint. Iliopsoas bursitis is a relatively rare condition, so it is often overlooked as a cause of signs and symptoms involving the inguinal area and lower extremity. The clinical manifestation related to iliopsoas bursitis can vary due to compression of the adjacent structures such as the common and superficial femoral vessels, nerve, and bladder. We report here on rare cases of iliopsoas bursitis with compression of the superficial femoral artery and common femoral vein.
Bursitis* ; Femoral Artery ; Femoral Vein ; Hip Joint ; Lower Extremity ; Tendons ; Urinary Bladder

The iliopsoas bursa is a normal anatomical structure that lies deep to the iliopsoas tendon in the region of the hip joint. Iliopsoas bursitis is a relatively rare condition, so it is often overlooked as a cause of signs and symptoms involving the inguinal area and lower extremity. The clinical manifestation related to iliopsoas bursitis can vary due to compression of the adjacent structures such as the common and superficial femoral vessels, nerve, and bladder. We report here on rare cases of iliopsoas bursitis with compression of the superficial femoral artery and common femoral vein.
Bursitis* ; Femoral Artery ; Femoral Vein ; Hip Joint ; Lower Extremity ; Tendons ; Urinary Bladder