OBJECTIVES: Controversial arguments exists on both the case for and against on the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion in association to tissue and age. The debate continues as to whether this mutation is a major contributor to the phenotypic expression of aging and common degenerative diseases or simply a clinical insignificant epiphenomenon. The objective of this study was to determine whether the accumulation of mtDNA deletion is correlated with age-related and tissue-specific variation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty-seven tissues from blood, ovary, uterine muscle, and abdominal muscle were obtained from patients ranging in age from 31~60 years. After reviewing the clinical reports, patients with mitochondrial disorder were excluded from this study. The tissues were obtained at gynecological surgeries with the consent of the patient. Total DNA isolated from blood, ovary, uterine muscle, and abdominal muscle was amplified by two rounds of PCR using two pairs of primers corresponding to positions 8225-8247 (sense), 13551-13574 (antisense) for the area around deleted mtDNA and 8421-8440 (sense), 13520-13501 (antisense) for nested PCR product. A statistical analysis was performed by c2-test. RESULTS: About 0% of blood, 94.8% of ovary, 71.4% of uterine muscle, and 86.1% abdominal muscle harbored mtDNA deletion. When we examined the proportion of deleted mtDNA according to age deletion rate was 90% of ovary, 63.6% of uterine muscle, 77.7% of abdominal muscle in thirties and 100% of all tissue in fifties. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that the mtDNA deletion is varied in tissue-specific pattern and increases with aging.
Abdominal Muscles ; Aging ; Animals ; DNA ; DNA, Mitochondrial* ; Female ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ; Humans ; Mice ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Myometrium ; Ovary ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to examine if basal luteinizing hormone (LH) levels could be useful for screening central precocious puberty (CPP) in girls. METHODS: A total of 90 girls under the age of 8 years were included in this study. They underwent the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test at Good Gang-An Hospital from March 2008 to December 2012 for evaluation of premature sexual development. Patients were classified into two groups: the pubertal response group of patients who had 5 IU/L peak LH levels in the GnRH stimulation test, and the prepubertal response group of patients who had LH levels <5 IU/L. Chronological and bone ages, height, weight, body mass index, gonadotropin response to GnRH stimulation, and basal levels of LH, follicle-stimulating hormone, and estradiol were studied in both groups. The relationship between basal LH and peak-stimulated LH was evaluated using Spearman's correlation. To determine the optimal cut-off values of basal LH levels for differentiating between two groups, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed. RESULTS: When the correlation between basal LH levels and peak LH after GnRH stimulation was analyzed in all subjects (N=90), basal LH levels had a statistically significant positive correlation with peak stimulated LH levels (rs=0.493, p<0.001). The cut-off level of optimal basal LH was 0.1 IU/L, according to the ROC curves. Its sensitivity was 73.3%, and its specificity was 77.8%. CONCLUSION: The study results showed that serum basal LH levels are useful for screening CPP in girls.
Body Weight ; Estradiol ; Female* ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Lutein* ; Luteinizing Hormone* ; Mass Screening* ; Puberty, Precocious* ; ROC Curve ; Sexual Development

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to examine if basal luteinizing hormone (LH) levels could be useful for screening central precocious puberty (CPP) in girls. METHODS: A total of 90 girls under the age of 8 years were included in this study. They underwent the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test at Good Gang-An Hospital from March 2008 to December 2012 for evaluation of premature sexual development. Patients were classified into two groups: the pubertal response group of patients who had 5 IU/L peak LH levels in the GnRH stimulation test, and the prepubertal response group of patients who had LH levels <5 IU/L. Chronological and bone ages, height, weight, body mass index, gonadotropin response to GnRH stimulation, and basal levels of LH, follicle-stimulating hormone, and estradiol were studied in both groups. The relationship between basal LH and peak-stimulated LH was evaluated using Spearman's correlation. To determine the optimal cut-off values of basal LH levels for differentiating between two groups, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed. RESULTS: When the correlation between basal LH levels and peak LH after GnRH stimulation was analyzed in all subjects (N=90), basal LH levels had a statistically significant positive correlation with peak stimulated LH levels (rs=0.493, p<0.001). The cut-off level of optimal basal LH was 0.1 IU/L, according to the ROC curves. Its sensitivity was 73.3%, and its specificity was 77.8%. CONCLUSION: The study results showed that serum basal LH levels are useful for screening CPP in girls.
Body Weight ; Estradiol ; Female* ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Lutein* ; Luteinizing Hormone* ; Mass Screening* ; Puberty, Precocious* ; ROC Curve ; Sexual Development

PURPOSE: Acupuncture has recently been accepted as a treatment option for managing postoperative ileus (POI) and various functional gastrointestinal disorders. Therefore, we conducted a prospective randomized study to evaluate the effect of acupuncture on POI and other surgical outcomes in patients who underwent gastric surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients who underwent distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer from March to December 2015 were randomly assigned to acupuncture or non-acupuncture (NA) groups at 1:1 ratio. The acupuncture treatment was administered treatment once daily for 5 consecutive days starting at postoperative day 1. The primary outcome measure was the number of remnant sitz markers in the small intestine on abdominal radiograph. The secondary outcome measure was the surgical outcome, including the times to first flatus, first defecation, start of water intake, and start of soft diet, as well as length of hospital stay and laboratory findings. RESULTS: The acupuncture group had significantly fewer remnant sitz markers in the small intestine on postoperative days 3 and 5 compared to those in the NA group. A significant difference was observed in the numbers of remnant sitz markers in the small intestine with respect to group differences by time (P<0.0001). The acupuncture group showed relatively better surgical outcomes than those in the NA group, but the differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: In this clinical trial, acupuncture promoted the passage of sitz markers, which may reflect the possibility of reducing POI after distal gastrectomy.
Acupuncture* ; Defecation ; Diet ; Drinking ; Flatulence ; Gastrectomy* ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Humans ; Ileus* ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction ; Intestine, Small ; Length of Stay ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Prospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms*

A C2-3 zygapophygeal joint is a major source of cervicogenic headache. Radiofrequency (RF) neurotomy is preformed widely for zygapophygeal joint pain. Conventional RF denervation technique is generally performed under fluoroscopic control. Recently, ultrasound-guided radiofrequency on zygapophygeal joint has emerged as an alternative method. We report our experiences of two successful ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequencies on 39-year-old and 42-year-old males, who complained occipital headache and posterior neck pain.
Arthralgia ; Denervation ; Headache ; Humans ; Joints ; Male ; Neck Pain ; Post-Traumatic Headache

PURPOSE: A telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation was identified in thyroid cancer. This TERT promoter mutation is thought to be a prognostic molecular marker, because its association with tumor aggressiveness, persistence/recurrence, and disease-specific mortality in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has been reported. In this study, we attempted to determine whether the impact of the TERT promoter mutation on PTC persistence/recurrence is independent of clinicopathological parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using propensity score matching, 39 patients with PTC persistence or recurrence were matched with 35 patients without persistence or recurrence, with a similar age, sex, tumor size, multifocality, bilaterality, extrathyroidal extension, and lymph node metastasis. The TERT promoter and the BRAF V600E mutations were identified from PTC samples. RESULTS: The TERT promoter mutation was detected in 18% of PTC patients (13/74). No significant difference in the frequency of the TERT promoter mutation was observed between the persistence/recurrence group and the non-recurrence group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the prognostic implications of the TERT promoter mutation are dependent on clinicopathological parameters.
Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Mortality ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Propensity Score ; Recurrence ; Telomerase ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*

Combined intrauterine and ectopic (heterotopic) pregnancy occurs in approximately 1 in 30,000 spontaneous gestations. Heterotopic gestations are increased in women who have had reconstructive pelvic surgery, Pelvic inflammatory disease and artificial ovarian hyperstimulation. Patients who require assisted reproductive technologies, such as in vitro fertilization / embryo transfer and gamete intrafallopian transfer, also have an increased risk of a heterotopic pregnancy. We experienced two cases of combined pregnancy following IVF-ET. Following is a report of these cases with a brief review of references.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans

Purpose: There has been little information about the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and gastric cancer claims. This study aimed to measure the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on EGD and gastric cancer claims in South Korea. Materials and Methods: This nationwide, population-based study compared the claims data of EGD, gastric cancer, early gastric cancer (EGC), advanced gastric cancer (AGC) and gastric cancer operation in 2020 and 2021 (COVID-19 era) to those in 2019 (before COVID-19 pandemic). Results: The annual claims of EGD, gastric cancer, EGC, and AGC were reduced by 6.3%, 5.0%, 4.7%, and 3.6% in 2020 and by 2.2%, 1.0%, 0.6%, and 1.9% in 2021, respectively, compared to 2019. The amount of annual claims of gastric cancer operation was reduced by 8.8% in 2020, but increased by 0.9% in 2021, compared to those in 2019. The monthly claims of EGD, gastric cancer, EGC, AGC, and gastric cancer operation were mainly reduced in the first epidemic wave of COVID-19, but decreased in the 2nd to 4th epidemic wave. Compared to 2019, the monthly claim of EGD, gastric cancer, EGC, AGC, and gastric cancer operation were reduced by 28.8%, 14.3%, 18.1%, 9.2%, and 5.8% in March 2020 and by 17.2%, 10.8%, 10.3%, 7.2%, and 35.4% in April 2020, respectively. Conclusion Negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on EGD, gastric cancer, EGC, AGC, and gastric cancer operation was worst during the first surge of COVID-19, but decreased in the 2nd to 4th epidemic wave of the disease in 2020 and 2021.

BACKGROUND: Henoch-Shnlein purpura is a systemic disease and has characteristic features of purpuric skin rash, abdominal pain, arthralgia and abnormal urinary findings and characterized by immunoglobulin A deposits in the involved organ. Renal involvement is the most important prognostic factor in Henoch-Shnlein purpura. METHODS: I retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 48 patients with Henoch-Shoenlein purpura and 10 biopsy-proven Henoch-Schoenlein nephritis examined at Pusan National University Hospital. RESULTS: 23 cases were males and 25 cases females. Male to female ratio was 1:1.08. The peak of seasonal incidence was seen in spring (41.7%) and winter (27.1%) At presentation, skin purpura was present in 100% of patients, arthralgia was reported in 52.1% and gastrointestinal involvement in 70.8%. 75% of the patients showed renal involvement and pulmonary hemorrhage observed in 2 cases. Common types of skin rash were petechiae, purpura and erythematous maculopapular lesion on the lower extremities. The most common gastrointestinal symptom was abdominal pain (82.3%). Frequently involved joints were knee and ankle (48.0%). Renal involvement were microscopic hematuria (50.0%), proteinuria (50.0%), gross hematuria (29.2%). 25% of patients reached renal insufficiency (GFR<70 mL/min) and 4 cases (8.3%) reached acute renal failure (GFR<30 mL/min and anuria) and 3 patients of them experienced hemodialysis. All renal biopsies showed predominant IgA mesangial deposition. There were 2 cases of grade II, 6 cases of grade III and 2 cases of grade IV by classification of Meadow. Steroids were given in 16 patients (33.3%). Methylprednisolone pulse treatements were given in 4 patients for severe nephritis. 10 patients received angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Clinical remission of extrarenal symptoms was achieved in 83.3% but relapses of purpura were observed in 27.1%. Clinical remissions of nephritis defined as the absence of proteinuria, hematuria and normal renal function was achieved in only 8.3%, Abnormal urinary finding continued in 37.8%. 8.3% of patients expired. CONCLUSION: Although it has been well known that Henoch-Shnlein purpura has benign courses, we experienced 4 case of deaths and The cause of death was acute renal faliure, pulmonary hemorrhage, adult respiratory distress syndrome, massive gastrointestinal bleeding, peritonitis due to bowel perforation.
Abdominal Pain ; Acute Kidney Injury ; Adult* ; Ankle ; Arthralgia ; Biopsy ; Busan ; Cause of Death ; Classification ; Exanthema ; Female ; Hematuria ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; Incidence ; Joints ; Knee ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Methylprednisolone ; Nephritis ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Peritonitis ; Proteinuria ; Purpura ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch* ; Recurrence ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Seasons ; Skin ; Steroids

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of inhibition of postsurgical adhesion formation in the rat model by meclofenamate, tolmetin, TC-7, Hyskon, and heparin. Laparotomies were performed on grossly healthy, mature nonpregnant female rats, and proximal 1 cm of each uterine horn was traumatized with unipolar electrocautery. Each rat was randomly assigned to one of six different groups(control, meclofenamate, tolmetin, heparin, TC-7, and Hyskon group), and different solutions or an adhesion barrier were placed into traumatized uterine horn before closure. One week later adhesion formation was scored according to percent involvement of each traumatized uterine horn(0 to 4), and adhesion density(0 to 2), and compared using one-way analysis of variance and Fishers exact test. Compared with the control group, postsurgical adhesion formation was significantly decreased in the TC-7 group(average adhesion score, 1.72), the meclofenamate group(2.19), the Hyskon group(2.53), and the tolmetin group(2.93). The TC-7 group was also significantly decreased in adhesion formation compared with the Hyskon, tolmetin, heparin groups, and meclofenamate group was significantly decreased in adhesion formation compared with tolmetin and heparin groups. There were no significant differences between groups in adhesion density. So we suggest that meclofenamate is a cost-effective agent in inhibition of postsurgical adhesion formation.
Animals ; Dextrans* ; Electrocoagulation ; Female ; Heparin* ; Horns ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Meclofenamic Acid ; Models, Animal* ; Rats* ; Tolmetin