PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the relationships among communication competence, professional self-concept, and stress in clinical practice of nursing students. METHODS: The study participants were 308 senior year nursing students in D city and K province. Collected data were analyzed using t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS Version 20.0. RESULTS: There were significant differences in participants' stress of clinical practice based on their level of satisfaction on clinical practice, self-confidence of nursing and difficulty with relationships in clinical practice. A negative correlation was detected between stress in clinical practice and the professional self-concept of nursing students. Significant predictors of the perceived stress of clinical practice were satisfaction in clinical practice and pride in nursing. These accounted for 18% of the perceived stress of clinical practice in a regression model. CONCLUSION: The results may serve as basic data in support of the need to the develop effective systematic stress management programs and clinical training courses in order to attenuate the stress experienced during clinical practice of nursing students.
Humans ; Mental Competency* ; Nursing* ; Professional Competence* ; Students, Nursing*

Although malignant melanoma usually occurs after the diagnosis of vitiligo-like depigmentation, the latter is rarely followed by the former. We herein report on such a case in which recognition of the vitiligo-like depigmentation preceded diagnosing the metastatic melanoma by several months. A 56-year-old woman had first developed vitiligo-like depigmentation on the forehead, eyelids, neck and back 18 months previously and thereafter she detected a hard mass in the left axilla 2 months previously. Based on the histologic findings, the axillary mass was diagnosed as metastatic melanoma. To evaluate the primary tumor focus, thorough examinations that included PET-CT, bone scan and sigmoidoscopy were performed, but we couldn`t find any the original primary tumor. Our case suggests that the vitiligo-like depigmentation could be a sign that heralds metastatic melanoma.
Axilla ; Eyelids ; Female ; Forehead ; Humans ; Melanoma ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Sigmoidoscopy

PURPOSE: This study was done to provide basic data for sexual abuse prevention programs for elementary school students by comparing stated needs of the students and teachers. METHODS: The participants were 4th, 5th, and 6th grade elementary school students and elementary school teachers. Data from questionnaires completed by 1,372 students and 162 teachers were analyzed. RESULTS: 1) The mean scores for felt need for sexual abuse prevention education was relatively high in both of the elementary school student and teacher groups but there was a significant difference between the two groups (t=15.28, p<.001). 2) In the elementary school students, there was a significant difference in the degree of need for sexual abuse prevention education according to father's educational level (t=2.89, p=.004), experience of sexual education (t=3.11, p=.006), and recognition of the necessity of sexual abuse education (t=7.56, p<.001). 3) In the elementary school teachers, there was no significant difference in the degree of need for sexual abuse prevention education according to the participants' socio-demographic and sexual abuse prevention education related characteristics. CONCLUSION: When planning educational programs on child sexual abuse prevention, needs of the elementary school students should be considered. Then, the educational program at school would be more effective.
Child ; Child Abuse ; Child Abuse, Sexual ; Education* ; Humans ; Sex Offenses*

PURPOSE: To compare the corneal first surface higher-order aberrations (HOAs) of normal subjects and patients with dry eye using KR-1W(R) (Topcon Corp., Tokyo, Japan) and Pentacam(R) HR (Oculus Inc., Dutenhofen, Germany). We analyzed the relationship between the aberrations and the diagnostic parameters of dry eye. METHODS: We evaluated anterior corneal HOAs in 71 normal eyes and 71 dry eyes using KR-1W(R) and Pentacam(R). Dry eye patients were examined for fluorescein staining, tear break-up time (TBUT), and Schirmer I test. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) was used for assessment of subjective symptoms in dry eye patients. RESULTS: HOAs measured by both instruments were greater in the dry eye group than in the control group, although HOAs using KR-1W(R) only achieved statistical significance. The anterior corneal HOAs measured by the 2 instruments were significantly correlated with superficial punctate keratitis. Moreover, TBUT and the Shirmer I test negatively correlated, and OSDI positively correlated, with anterior corneal HOAs. CONCLUSIONS: The HOAs in patients with dry eye were significantly different from controls and tended to increase with disease severity. KR-1W(R) might be more useful than Pentacam(R) to detect tear film instabilities.
Fluorescein ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Tears

The objectives of this study were to: (a) examine the overall operating conditions of both government-dominant and non-governmental food bank programs, (b) understand the operational management attributes on the target based on IPA (importance performance analysis)(c) analyze the present status of donating management, and (d) suggest a direction based on the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of food banks in each part. The random samples of 120 food bank operators were selected by a proportionate stratified random sampling method. A total of 60 government-dominant food banks and 25 non-governmental food banks were analyzed. The main results of this study were as follows: According to the Importance-Performance Analysis of operational management, "assistance for operating funds" and "deployment of experience staff" were placed at "Focus Here". There was a great shortage of experienced staff with food bank-specific knowledge. The average number of the government-dominant and non-governmental food bank program employees was 0.29 and 0.30 respectively, while the ratios of employees with other jobs were 0.96 and 0.83 respectively. Shortages of refrigeration facilities were an area that needs to be addressed. While 51.6% of donated food required cold storage, only 45% of government-dominant and 60% of non-governmental food bank programs had refrigeration facilities. Most of food bank operators (96.3%) were required to visit the donators' locations to pick up the donated foods. And the foods were distributed to the people in need, especially to the livelihood protectee.
Refrigeration

The purpose of this study was to examine the donators' characteristics and donative foods of both government-dominant and non-governmental food bank program, to understand the problems and benefits of food bank program, and to find the solutions to activate food bank program. The questionnaires were distributed to 120 food bank operators and 3 donators were selected from each food bank for the survey from April 2002 to May 2002. 118 sheets (32.8%) from government-dominant food bank and 53 sheets (20.1%) from non-governmental food bank were collected. The main results of this study were as follows: The largest donators to either government-dominant or non-governmental food bank programs were bakery and confectionery companies 31.4% and 45.3% respectively. The majority of donated foods were "goods in stock" (55.6%) and frequency of donation were largely on a daily basis (27.1% for government-dominant and 22.6% for non-governmental). Some of the donators who had more donative food did not donate, and the reasons were closeness to expiration date of food (67.3%), lack of legal protection in the event of food poisoning (54.5%), and poor public image of food related accidents (52.3%).
Foodborne Diseases

Background: and Purpose We aimed to determine 1) the frequency of mammillary body (MB) atrophy in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and hippocampal sclerosis (HS), 2) the clinical significance of MB atrophy, and 3) the association between MB atrophy and volume changes in other subcortical limbic structures. Methods: We enrolled 69 patients with pathologically confirmed TLE with HS, who underwent a standard anterior temporal lobectomy, as well as 40 healthy controls. We used the FreeSurfer deep-learning tool of U-Net to obtain the volumes of the subcortical limbic structures, including the MB, hypothalamus, basal forebrain, septal nuclei, fornix, and nucleus accumbens. MB atrophy was considered to be present when the MB volume was decreased relative to the healthy controls. Results: MB atrophy was present in 18 (26.1%) of the 69 patients with TLE and HS. Among the clinical characteristics, the mean age at seizure onset was higher (25.5 vs. 15.9 years, p= 0.027) and the median duration of epilepsy was shorter (149 vs. 295 months, p=0.003) in patients with than without MB atrophy. The basal forebrain (0.0185% vs. 0.0221%, p=0.004) and septal nuclei (0.0062% vs. 0.0075%, p=0.003) in the ipsilateral hemisphere of HS were smaller in the patients with MB atrophy. Conclusions We observed ipsilateral MB atrophy in about one-quarter of patients with TLE and HS. The severity of subcortical limbic structure abnormalities was greater in patients without MB atrophy. These findings suggest that MB atrophy in TLE with HS is not rare, but it has little clinical significance.

Purpose: To compare clinical outcomes of Korean patients with seropositive myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-IgG)-related optic neuritis (ON) and those with neuromyelitis optica antibody (NMO-IgG)-related ON. Methods: Medical records were analyzed retrospectively among patients diagnosed with ON from January 2018 to June 2020, who were positive for MOG-IgG or NMO-IgG on serological tests. Clinical manifestations and outcomes were collected and compared between the two groups. Results: The study included 14 eyes of 10 MOG-IgG positive patients, and 38 eyes of 25 NMO-IgG positive patients. Final visual acuity differed significantly between the two groups (p = 0.002), and the proportion of patients with no light perception was higher in the NMO-ON group (11%) compared with the MOG-ON group (0%). The mean deviation value on visual field tests also showed a significant difference between NMO-ON and MOG-ON groups (-18.98 ± 12.36 dB versus -10.17 ± 10.03 dB, respectively; p = 0.018). The recurrence rate was 42% in the NMO-ON group and 79% in the MOG-ON group (p = 0.020). Conclusions The clinical outcomes of NMO-ON and MOG-ON patients differed significantly. MOG-ON patients were more likely to experience a relapse. Patients with NMO-ON were given a poor visual prognosis despite having a lower recurrence rate than those with MOG-ON.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to review sexual abuse prevention education program for Korean elementary school students.METHODS: Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review methods were used and Gough's weight of evidence was employed as a quality appraisal tool. Articles published in Korean or English were identified through electronic search engines and scholarly web sites using three keywords: “elementary school student”, “sexual abuse”, and “prevention education”. Peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2018 were included in this review.RESULTS: Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria and were appraised as being high-quality. Among the 12 selected studies, seven were descriptive, while five were intervention studies. Sexual abuse prevention education programs were effective in improving perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behaviors among elementary school students. However, deficiencies were found in the variety of educational methods, utilization of experts, and standardization of the content of sexual abuse prevention education.CONCLUSION: We need to provide various educational methods that are appropriate for specific developmental stages, and the sexual abuse prevention content should draw upon the current sexual education program administered to this population. Furthermore, parents and trained teachers or school health teachers should be included to provide effective education programs for elementary students.
Child ; Child Abuse, Sexual ; Education ; Humans ; Korea ; Parents ; School Health Services ; Search Engine ; Sex Offenses

Purpose: To compare clinical outcomes of Korean patients with seropositive myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-IgG)-related optic neuritis (ON) and those with neuromyelitis optica antibody (NMO-IgG)-related ON. Methods: Medical records were analyzed retrospectively among patients diagnosed with ON from January 2018 to June 2020, who were positive for MOG-IgG or NMO-IgG on serological tests. Clinical manifestations and outcomes were collected and compared between the two groups. Results: The study included 14 eyes of 10 MOG-IgG positive patients, and 38 eyes of 25 NMO-IgG positive patients. Final visual acuity differed significantly between the two groups (p = 0.002), and the proportion of patients with no light perception was higher in the NMO-ON group (11%) compared with the MOG-ON group (0%). The mean deviation value on visual field tests also showed a significant difference between NMO-ON and MOG-ON groups (-18.98 ± 12.36 dB versus -10.17 ± 10.03 dB, respectively; p = 0.018). The recurrence rate was 42% in the NMO-ON group and 79% in the MOG-ON group (p = 0.020). Conclusions The clinical outcomes of NMO-ON and MOG-ON patients differed significantly. MOG-ON patients were more likely to experience a relapse. Patients with NMO-ON were given a poor visual prognosis despite having a lower recurrence rate than those with MOG-ON.