E6 and E7 proteins produced by oncogenic HPV bind to the protein products of cellular tumor suppressor genes p53 and Rb, respectively. This mechanism has been suggested to contribute to the oncogenesis of HPV-infected carcinoma. The cells which are blocked the function of p53 and pub protein continue to divide by bypassing Ml stage known as antiproliferative mechanism but telomeres, the genetic elements at the ends of chromosomes, continue to shorten until the telomeres are so short that further replication is prevented(M2 stage). But telomeres can be maintained if telomerase is derepressed, giving rise to a immortal cell. The present study has been investigated the presence of HPV, telomere length and telomerase activation in cervical carcinomas. HPV DNA were detected by polymerase chain reaction in 17 of 19 precancerous lesions and cervical carcinoma specimens; HPV16 was detected in 12 cases, HPV18 in one case, HPV33 in two cases, and HPV58 in two cases. Overall, the prevalence of HPV was 89.5%. To study the difference of telomere length in cervical carcinomas and each normal counterpart, DNAs were digested with Hinf III and Rsa I to liberate the terminal restriction fragments(TRF). TRFs were resolved on agarose gels and detected by hybridization to the telomeric probe. This result indicated that there were no significant difference of TRF length in samples tested except two cases. TRF length of one carcinoma specimen was found to be significantly increased as compared with normal counterpart, but the other was found to be significantly decreased. Telomerase activity was detected in 4 of dysplasia specimens(5 cases), all of carcinoma in situ(CIS), and 6 of 8 invasive carcinoma. Overall, telomerase activity was detected in 84%. The degree of telomerase activity was high in 2 of dysplasia, 3 of CIS, and 3 of invasive carcinoma. And then there was no apparent association between HPV types and levels of telomerase activity. However, telomerase activity was depressed in invasive carcinoma as compared to dysplasia and CIS. These results suggest that HPV may be a possible causative agent in cervical carcinoma. In addition, telomerase activation may be necessary for the immortalization of cells and the progression of malignancy in cervical carcinoma.
Carcinogenesis ; Cervix Uteri* ; DNA ; Female ; Gels ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans* ; Papilloma* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Sepharose ; Telomerase* ; Telomere*

The unicornuate uterus is a rare type of the anomalous uteri, which is caused by failure of development of one of the mullerian ducts. This condition is usually associated with various degrees of rudimentary uterine horn. The unicornuate uterus with rudimentary horn is susceptible to many gynecologic and obstetric complications. Urinary tract anomalies, pelvic endometriosis, primary infertility are claimed to be common complaints in women with unicornuate uterus. We have experienced a case of rudimentary uterine horn adenomyosis associated with agenesis of ipsilateral kidney, pelvic endometriosis in a 13 years old girl. So we report this case with a brief review of literatures.
Adenomyosis* ; Adolescent ; Animals ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Horns* ; Humans ; Infertility ; Kidney* ; Mullerian Ducts ; Urinary Tract ; Uterus

PURPOSE: Differing lifestyle, nutritional, and genetic factors may lead to a differing stiffness index (SI) determined by quantitative ultrasound in elderly men and women. The purpose of this study was to determine SI and the gender-specific factors associated with low SI in a Korean elderly cohort. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study identifying the gender-specific factors related to SI in 252 men and women aged 65 years and greater from local senior centers in Seoul, Korea between January and February 2009. RESULTS: The mean SI of elderly men was significantly higher than that of the women's. A multiple regression analysis reveals that age, nutritional status, and physical activity were predictive factors of lower SI in men, whereas age, alcohol consumption, educational level, and genetic polymorphism were predictive factors for elderly women. CONCLUSIONS: Low SI was common in both elderly men and women. We found gender differences in factors linked to low SI. In multiple regression analysis, nutritional status and physical activity were more important factors in men, whereas alcohol consumption, educational level, and genetic polymorphism were significant factors predicting low SI in women. Gender-specific modifiable risk factors associated with low SI should be considered when developing osteoporosis prevention programs for the elderly.
Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology ; Calcaneus/*ultrasonography ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Nutritional Status ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Regression Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Seoul/epidemiology ; Sex Factors

Acquired ileal diverticuli are an uncommon condition and the diagnosis is often difficult when bleeding occurs from this source. Tuberculosis mainly involves the terminal ileum and has associated complications such as obstruction, perforation, stricture and bleeding, but rarely presents with pseudodiverticuli with a fistula. A 42-year-old man presented with massive hematochezia for three days. The patient had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis with complete recovery two times. Emergency sigmoidoscopy, esophagoduodenoscopy and computed tomography of the abdomen could not detect the bleeding focus. The next day, colonoscopy was performed, which demonstrated the opening of pseudodiverticuli at the terminal ileum. There was an exposed vessel in one of the pseudodiverticuli. The patient was treated successfully with epinephrine and ethanol sclerotherapy. A subsequent colonoscopy showed that the exposed vessel was completely healed seven days later. We report a case of acute pseudodiverticular bleeding from a tuberculous scar of the terminal ileum with a review of the relevant literature.
Abdomen ; Adult ; Cicatrix ; Colonoscopy ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diverticulum ; Emergencies ; Epinephrine ; Ethanol ; Fistula ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Ileum ; Sclerotherapy ; Sigmoidoscopy ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Balantidium coli is the only pathogenic ciliate parasitizing humans. Balantidium coli is widely distributed in hogs, particularly in warm and temperate climates, and in monkeys in the tropics. It is infrequently pathogenic for man. Balantidium coli is considered as a possible pathogen in immunocompromised patients. The infection fundamentally affects the colon and cause variable clinical pictures, from asymptomatic to serious dysenteric forms. Apart from intestinal involvement there have been reports on lung, liver, vagina infection by Balantidium coli. Balantidium coli were observed in the gastric juice of neonate. this is first report of asymptomatic balantidiasis in neonate.
Balantidiasis ; Balantidium ; Climate ; Colon ; Gastric Juice ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Infant, Newborn ; Liver ; Lung ; Vagina

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is a rare group of heritable mechanobullous disorders that are characterized by blistering and scarring of the skin and mucosae and these lesions are induced by minor trauma, DEB is also associated with nail dystrophy. DEB can be inherited either in an autosomal recessive or dominant fashion. Regardless of the mode of inheritance, DEB is caused by defects of the ultrastructural entity known as the anchoring fibril, which results in separation of the sublamina densa. Recessive DEB (RDEB) is classified into Hallopeau-Siemens and non- Hallopeau-Siemens. We herein report on a case of non- Hallopeau-Siemens RDEB and there was no family history of this malady, and we present the clinical, histological and electron microscopy findings.
Blister ; Cicatrix ; Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Mucous Membrane ; Nails ; Skin ; Wills

Acute infection increases disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) and causes life threatening complication such as acute renal failure or ischemic bowel disease. We here report a case of acute renal failure and ischemic bowel disease complicated by acute pyelonephritis in a patient with SLE. A 19-year-old woman was admitted for high fever and right flank pain. Urine examination revealed acute pyelonephritis. Thrombocytopenia, proteinuria, positive antinuclear antibody and anti-dsDNA, false positive VDRL confirmed SLE. The pyelonephritis improved with antibiotic treatment, but oliguria and abdominal pain and ascites newly developed. Kidney biopsy and abdominal computed tomography revealed lupus nephritis type IV and ischemic bowel disease, respectively. After methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide treatment, the patient improved.
Abdominal Pain ; Acute Kidney Injury* ; Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Ascites ; Biopsy ; Cyclophosphamide ; Female ; Fever ; Flank Pain ; Humans ; Kidney ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Lupus Nephritis ; Methylprednisolone ; Oliguria ; Proteinuria ; Pyelonephritis* ; Thrombocytopenia ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Pityriasis lichenoides (PL)-like skin lesions rarely appear as a specific manifestation of mycosis fungoides (MF). OBJECTIVE: We investigated the clinicopathological features, immunophenotypes, and treatments of PL-like MF. METHODS: This study included 15 patients with PL-like lesions selected from a population of 316 patients diagnosed with MF at one institution. RESULTS: The patients were between 4 and 59 years of age. Four patients were older than 20 years of age. All of the patients had early-stage MF. In all patients, the atypical lymphocytic infiltrate had a perivascular distribution with epidermotropism. The CD4/CD8 ratio was <1 in 12 patients. Thirteen patients were treated with either narrowband ultraviolet B (NBUVB) or psoralen+ultraviolet A (PUVA), and all of them had complete responses. CONCLUSION: PL-like MF appears to have a favorable prognosis and occurrence of this variant in adults is uncommon. MF should be suspected in the case of a PL-like skin eruption. Therefore, biopsy is required to confirm the diagnosis of PL-like MF, and NBUVB is a clinically effective treatment.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Mycosis Fungoides* ; Phototherapy* ; Pityriasis Lichenoides ; Pityriasis* ; Prognosis ; Skin

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of watching three-dimensional (3D) television (TV) on the angle of deviation and refractive error in children with exodeviation. METHODS: Twenty-three volunteers with exodeviation, aged 6 to 12 years, without any ocular abnormalities other than refractive error and exodeviation were recruited for this study. The subjects watched 3D TV for 50 minutes at a viewing distance of 2.8 meters. The image disparity of 3D contents was -1 to 1 degree. Refractive errors were measured before and immediately after watching TV and after a 10-minute rest. The changes in angle of deviation were also obtained. Refractive errors and angle of deviation before and after watching 3D TV were compared. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 9.30 +/- 1.58 years. The mean baseline angle of deviation was 13.04 +/- 5.25 (6-30) prism diopters (PD), which did not change significantly immediately after watching 3D TV and after a 10-minute rest (p = 0.452). The mean refractive errors were -2.15 +/- 1.55 D in the right eye and -2.06 +/- 1.55 D in the left eye before and changed to -2.14 +/- 1.57 D and -2.11 +/- 1.45 D, respectively, immediately after watching 3D TV. After a 10 minute rest, the mean refractive errors were 2.14 +/- 1.53 D in the right eye and -2.07 +/- 1.53 D in the left eye. All changes in refractive errors were not statistically significant (p = 0.991 in right eye, 0.495 in left eye). The amount of myopic shift in both eyes immediately after watching 3D TV was correlated with the angle of exodeviation (r = 0.468, p = 0.024). However, the correlation disappeared after a 10-minute rest (r = 0.345, p = 0.107). CONCLUSIONS: Watching properly made 3D contents on 3D TV for 50 minutes at more than 2.8 meters of viewing distance did not affect the refractive error in children with exodeviation. Further studies on the relationship between the amount of myopic shift and the angle of exodeviation are necessary.
Child* ; Exotropia* ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Refractive Errors* ; Television* ; Volunteers

We present a case of an anesthetic gas leak through the valve of the Selectatec back bar during a surgical procedure. The Selectatec Vaporizing System is a quick-change system consisting of anesthetic vaporizers of the 'Tec models' of the Ohmeda machine that are seated on a compatibility manifold block located on the back bar of the anesthetic machine. In order to prevent a leak and a failure of vapor delivery, the "Tec models series" can only be turned 'on' when the locking lever is turned to the 'lock' position. However in this case, the control knob was rotated despite the back bar locking mechanism not being engaged, and a gas leak developed through the unlocked valves in Selectatec back bar. The Penlon Sigma Delta Anesthetic Vaporizer (sevoflurane) in a Datex-Ohmeda Aestiva/5 anesthesia machine can be turned 'on' when the locking lever is maintained at the 'unlock' position.
Anesthesia ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers*