The relationship between retinal vasculopathy and cerebrovascular disease is receiving increasing attention.Most studies have shown that retinal vasculopathy may reflect cerebrovascular disease,and thus help us to understand cerebrovascular disease more directly.Retinal vasculopathy is closely associated with the onset risk of cerebrovascular disease,outcome and cognitive impairment.

Objective To observe the effects of storage condition on the quality of Semen Armeniacae Amarum. Methods Orthogonal design was adopted. The storage condition was optimized with temperature,humidity and storage time as the observation factors,with the content of amygdalin,and the content,acid value and peroxide value of fatty oil as the indexes.The content of fatty oil,acid value and peroxide value were measured according to the methods provided by 2005 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The content of amygdalin was measured by HPLC. Results Temperature was the main influencing factor of amygdalin content,then came humidity and storage time. Temperature was also the main influencing factor of the concent and the acid value of fatty oil,and the humidity was the second. For peroxide value,humidity was the main factor,then came temperature and storage time. Conclusion The optimal conditions of storing Semen Armeniacae Amarum as follows:storage in dry place with the temperature of 2～ 8 ℃,and in short storage time.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for standardized management of national drug standard in China.METHODS:Special inspections about the implementation of national drug standard were performed in pharmaceutical manufacturers of Deyang area.Based on the results of daily inspections,national drug standard was analyzed and discussed comprehensively.RESULTS:National drug standards were too many and diverse so that they influenced standardized management and implementation,which involved several aspects such as legality and seriousness of the management of drug standard,the conformity of relevant policy with drug standard,the standard of raw material and excipients,standardization of management approach for reference sample.CONCLUSION:Rigorous,complete and accurate national drug standards should be formulated,and relevant laws and regulations should be improved.Pharmaceutical enterprises can be urged to establish standardized drug standard file and to organize production and testing in accordance with national drug standard.

Electrical stimulation is a common technology to treat neurogenic bladder dysfunction secondary to supersacral spinal cord injury. This paper reviews the historical development of this treatment and current status.

Objective Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). There are several potential therapies to target EGFR. The detection of EGFR expression is usually performed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) only in the primary tumor. There are a few data regarding the EGFR status in the corresponding distant metastases. The aim of the present study was to correlate EGFR expression in primary tumors and related metastases in order to find out whether EGFR status is different between primary tumors and related metastases. Methods 37 cases (25 male, 12 female) of metastatic colorectal cancer were collected. The site of primary tumor was on colon in 16 patients (43.2%) and on rectum in 21 patients (56.8%). Metastatic sites analyzed were liver in 32 patients (86.5%), inguinal lymph nodes in 5 patients (13.5%). The EGFR status of primary tumors and related metastatic sites were evaluated retrospectively. The expression of EGFR was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining (IHC), EGFR status was defined as positive if the percentage of stained malignant cells was ≥5%, and the expression feature was analyzed. Results EGFR status was positive in 25 primary tumors (67.6%), in which the corresponding metastatic site was negative in 7 cases (28.0%), whereas it was positive in 3 metastases (25.0%) from 12 cases of EGFR-negative primary cancers. The difference between the primary tumors and metastatic lesions had no statistic significance (P=0.23). Conclusion When analyzed by IHC, The difference of EGFR status has no statistic significance between the paired primary tumors and distant metastatic lesions, and 73% of samples show concordant EGFR status.

It has been demonstrated that connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) may enhance proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts,inhibit the functions of osteoblasts,increase osteoclastogenesis in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis,stimulate proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes,and induce angiogenesis in vivo and vitro.Above all,CTGF plays an important role in sustaining growth of skeleton and cartilage,and thus maintaining bone quantity.

Objective To explore the drug resistance diversity of pseufomonsd aeruginosa.Methods We did sensitivity experiments by 23 antibiotic of 1731 pseudomonad aeruginosa identified from clinic during 1997 to 2008,Results In 1 731 pseudomonad aeruginosa,the samples were main from phlegm,accounted for 58.5%.the second from secretion accounted for 24.7%.The drug resistance of pseudomonad aeruginosa for ampicillin、cefazolin and cefuroxime sodium were all higher than 90%,the second were trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 83.2%.The antibacterial medicines of drug resistance higher than 70%were netilmicn(75.2%)、ofloxacin(70.4%)、tetracycline(74.1%)、choramphenicol(72.0%).The antibacterial medicines of drug resistance Iower than 30%were Cefoperazone/Sulbactam、cefepime、imipenem、ceftazidme.In 12 years,the drug resistance diversity had enhanced prevalent trend.The enhanced speed of proportion drug was slow in 2004～2007,but it was fast again in 08 year.Conclusion The pseudomonad aeruginosa have become one of the most clinical routine nosogenetic germs.It showed single and anti muhiresistance of antibioties seriously.In order to improve antibacterial treating effect,we should inspect the drug resistance continuously in our area.We could select rationally antibacterial medicine according to the result of medicine sensitivity experiments.

9 cm in 66 cases and 8 cm in 4 cases.A vaginal speculum was inserted smoothly,showing a pinky,wet,and normal-tensioned vaginal mucous membrane.Of 44 cases with intercourse experience,there were 43 cases with satisfactory sexual life and 1 case with a complaint of too short vagina(vaginal length,8 cm).Conclusions Laparoscopic vaginoplasty of peritoneum has advantages of minimal invasion,simplicity of performance,and rapid recovery.The appearance and functions of "artificial vagina" after surgery are similar to those of normal vagina.

Objective To investigate the result of RFCA and electrophysiologic characteristics in pediatric PSVT. Methods Electrophysiologic study and RFCA were performed in 25 patients(age