Objective To observe the effect of high glucose on the expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) in cultured retinal Müller glia cells.Methods The retinal tissue of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats was collected,and Müller cells were isolated and cultured.The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamine synthetase (GS) of Müller cells were identified by streptavidin-biotinperoxidase complex.Cultured rat Müller cells were divided into control group (5.5 mmol/L glucose),group A (20 mmol/L glucose),group B (30 mmol/L glucose) and group C (40 mmol/L glucose).ATF4 protein expressions in Müller cells of four groups were measured by Western blot four days after cultured.Results GFAP and GS expressed in more than 95％ of Müller cells.Over 95％ of Müller cells of group A,B and C were positive for GFAP and GS.Western blots indicated that ATF4 protein in group A,B and C increased obviously compared with the control group (q=0.293,0.754,0.484; P＜0.05).Conclusion High glucose can increase the expression of ATF4 protein and cause endoplasmic reticulum stress in retinal Müller glia cells in vitro.

Objective To assess the effects and side effects of ropivacaine combined with sulfentanyl in epidural anesthesia for caesarean section. Methods Two hundred ASA Ⅰ- Ⅱ patients scheduled for elective caesarean section were randomly divided into 2 groups (100 cases each):group S received 0.75% ropivacaine and 0.75 μg/ml sulfentanyl; and group R received 0.75 % ropivacaine. Epidural space L2-3 was punctured and the catheter was put upward 3 cm in all patients. Local anesthetic agents were administered until a complete sensory block was established extending upper T4-T6. In the operation, Bp, HR,SpO2, ECG were observed and the onset time, the upper spread and duration of sensory block were recorded.Assessed anesthetic efficacy and side-effects on newborn. Results The onset time [(4.5±1.2) min], the time needed to reach the highest sensory level [ ( 13±5) min ] were significantly shorter and the duration of sensory block [ (402±150 ) min ] was significantly longer in group S than those in group R (P < 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in the side effects such as tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, and shivering. Apgar score in newborn was not affected. Conclusion The anesthetic efficacy of epidural 0.75% ropivacaine is significantly enhanced which also has smaller local anesthetic requirements and low incidence of side-effects,in epidural anesthesia for caesarean section when sulfentanyl is added.

Objective To observe the effect of cyanin on the expression of L-glutamate/ L-aspartate transporter (GLAST) in high glucose cultured retina Müller cells. Methods The retinal tissue of SpragueDawley (SD) rats was collected at postnatal 10 day, and Müller cells were isolated and cultured according to literature. The Müller ceils (2nd-4th generations) were treated with five different medium as normal group (group A), high glucose control group (group B), high glucose+30 μmol/L cyanin group (group C), high glucose+60 μmol/L cyanin group (group D) and high glucose+100 μmol/L cyanin group (group E). Cell relative survival rates (A value) were measured by MTT assay at 570 nm. The GLAST protein expression in M011er cells was observed by Western blot. Results MTT assay showed that the A value of the five group were 0. 450 8±0. 020 4, 0. 270 1±0. 031 4, 0. 332 0±0. 023 2, 0. 428 3±0. 017 2, 0. 361 9±0. 027 0,the cell relative survival rate were 100. 0%, 59. 9%, 73.6%, 95%, 80.3% respectively. The A value of group C, D, E were significantly higher than that of group B (F=32.25, P<0.05), the A value of group D were significantly higher than that of group C and E (F=21.07, P<0. 05). Western blot showed that the GLAST protein expression of group B was lower than that of group A (t=5.25, P<0. 05) ; there was no obvious changes of GLAST protein expression in group A, C, D and E (F= 2. 979, P>0.05).Conclusion Cyanin can rescue high glucose-induced GLAST reduction.

Objective To observe the distribution of TCM syndromes in patients with functional constipation (FC). Methods One hundred and five cases of patients with FC were analyzed with relevant factors and summarized to syndromes of FC by cluster analysis. Results There was a correlation between distribution of syndromes of FC and patient's age, job occupation, course of disease, incentives and patient's eating habits. The distribution of syndromes analyzed by cluster analysis was consistent with diagnostic criteria. Conclusion The syndromes of FC are divided into heat constipation, qi constipation, deficiency constipation and cold constipation. Among these syndromes, the number of excess constipation patients especially heat constipation is more than the number of others.

Epidemiological and animal studies have demonstrated that dietary lower intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and(or) higher intake of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-6 PUFAs) leading to imbalance of their ratios are closely related to obesity.The mechanisms underlied are involved in PUFA′s effects on fatty acid synthesis and oxidation,adipocyte proliferation and differentiation and leptin expression.At transcription level,PUFAs can regulate the activities of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and CCAAT enhancer bin-ding proteins.

Objective To establish a pregnant mouse model infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g), and investigate the relationship of P.g infection to prematurity and associated birth abnormalities. Methods Fifty two female mice were randomly divided into P.g infection group (n=26) and control group (n=26). Mice in P.g infection group were anesthetized, the pulp cavity of the first molar was opened and directly injected with W83 strain P.g, and the tooth was then filled. Six weeks after infection, the mice were mated with males and the formation of vagina plug was recorded as 0d. The P.g extracted from the granulation tissue in tooth root was cultivated. The pregnant days and the connatal body weight of infant mouse were recorded, the serum and placental tissue were collected to assess the systemic and local conditions during pregnancy. Results After periodontal P.g infection, the TNF-α, IL-17, IL-6 and IL-1 levels in peripheral blood sera increased significantly. The average gestation was shorter in P.g infection group (18.25d) than in control group (20.45d, P<0.01), and the connatal body weight of infant mouse was also less in the former than in the latter (P<0.01). Immunohistochemistry and PCR revealed the existence of P.g in placenta tissue. P.g infection caused premature rupture of membranes, placental abruption, degeneration and necrosis of trophoblastic and endothelial cells; significantly increased the number of neutrophils and macrophages in placenta tissues, and increased the expression of local TNF-α and COX-2 inflammatory factors at the same time. In P.g infection group, the expressions of CD-31 in endothelial cells of placenta tissues and the apoptotic factor caspase-3 decreased, and the DNA oxidative damage index 8-OHdG increased. Conclusions P.g infection in female mice may cause premature birth and lower connatal body weight of infant mouse, and increase the expression of serous and local inflammatory factors in the placenta. It is suggested that timely removal of periodontitis or gingivitis can prevent some of reproductive abnormalities.

Adult ; Calculi ; complications ; Foreign Bodies ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Nasal Cavity ; injuries ; Nasal Septum ; injuries ; Palate, Hard ; injuries

We analyzed the special characteristics of postgraduate education for anesthesiology majors based on the current situation of medical postgraduate education.Next,we introduced the ‘ sandwich' teaching method and discussed how it can promote students' subjective initiative by transforming various learning patterns.Finally,the effectiveness of study was elevated by ‘sandwich' teaching method.

Objective To investigate whether ?OH radical species present in the acid oxidation-potential water (AOW). Methods Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) coupled with the spin trapping technique was used for determination of ?OH radicals. Results A seven-line spectrum characteristic of 5, 5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone-N-oxyl (DMPOX) was formed at first, at 60 min the spin adducted DMPO-OH with four-line spectrum characteristic and at 120 min, no spectrum was observed. Conclusion ?OH can be detected in AOW at 60 min and it may come from the interaction of active substance in the AOW.

Objective To investigate the histomorphology,cellular biocompatibility in vitro and tensile force resistance property of fibrin-binding amniotic membrane(FBAM)and to explore its feasibility and superiority using as ocular surface graft.Methods After observing the morphology of FBAM under light microscope and scanning electron microscope,we did primary culture of corneal epithelial cells,taking monolayer fibrin-binding amniotic membrane as carrier,then observed cell growth overlay area.The elongation nature of FBAM was tested on electronic universal testing machine by calculating elastic modulus,using bilayer amniotic membrane(BAM)and monolayer amniotic membrane(MAM)as controls.Results The fresh FBAM was integrated as a whole,with structurally complete fibrin and amniotic membrane as well as tight binding of fibrin to amniotic membrane.The reserved FBAM was structurally complete,brittler than the fresh FBAM,while amniotic membrane still bound tightly to the fibrin,but under microscope the fiber reticular formation was fairly fuzzy.Single layer of epithelial cells was formed on FBAM after about seven-day culture in vitro.Disparity of cell growth overlay area was significant(P