OBJECTIVE To study the relationship of the expression of PLOD2 protein in laryngeal carcinoma and the clinicopathological features of patients. METHODS The expression of PLOD2 in paraffin-embedded specimens of 114 patients with laryngeal carcinoma was detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between the expression of PLOD2 and clinicopathological features was analyzed by χ2 t est, s urvival a nalysis b y K aplan-Meier method, and multivariate analysis of Cox proportional hazard model. The fresh frozen specimens of 8 patients randomly selected from the patients were detected by realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting for the expression of PLOD2 in tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues. RESULTS PLOD2 protein was associated w ith c linical s tage a nd T s tage(P <0.05). The expression level of PLOD2 protein in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma was higher than that in adjacent normal tissue(P <0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that low expression of PLOD2 was associated with patient survival rate(χ2=12.484, P <0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that PLOD2 protein expression and M stage were independent risk factors for laryngeal cancer growth (P value, both <0.05). CONCLUSION The level of POLD2 protein expression was positively correlated with clinical stage and T stage. PLOD2 protein is an independent risk factor for the growth of laryngeal cancer. The higher the expression of PLOD2 protein, the lower the prognosis of patients. PLOD2 protein expression may play an important role in the growth and prognosis of laryngeal cancer, and may be a new molecular marker for judging the growth and prognosis of laryngeal cancer.

Stearoyl-ACP Δ⁹ desaturase (SAD) catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated oleic acid or palmitoleic acid in plastids. SAD is the key enzyme to control the ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids in plant cells. In order to analyze the regulation mechanism of soybean oleic acid synthesis, soybean (Glycine max) GmSAD family members were genome-wide identified, and their conserved functional domains and physicochemical properties were also analyzed by bioinformatics tools. The spatiotemporal expression profile of each member of GmSADs was detected by qRT-PCR. The expression vectors of GmSAD5 were constructed. The enzyme activity and biological function of GmSAD5 were examined by Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression in Nicotiana tabacum leaves and genetic transformation of oleic acid-deficient yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mutant BY4389. Results show that the soybean genome contains five GmSAD family members, all encoding an enzyme protein with diiron center and two conservative histidine enrichment motifs (EENRHG and DEKRHE) specific to SAD enzymes. The active enzyme protein was predicted as a homodimer. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that five GmSADs were divided into two subgroups, which were closely related to AtSSI2 and AtSAD6, respectively. The expression profiles of GmSAD members were significantly different in soybean roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and seeds at different developmental stages. Among them, GmSAD5 expressed highly in the middle and late stages of developmental seeds, which coincided with the oil accumulation period. Transient expression of GmSAD5 in tobacco leaves increased the oleic acid and total oil content in leaf tissue by 5.56% and 2.73%, respectively, while stearic acid content was reduced by 2.46%. Functional complementation assay in defective yeast strain BY4389 demonstrated that overexpression of GmSAD5 was able to restore the synthesis of monounsaturated oleic acid, resulting in high oil accumulation. Taken together, soybean GmSAD5 has strong selectivity to stearic acid substrates and can efficiently catalyze the biosynthesis of monounsaturated oleic acid. It lays the foundation for the study of soybean seed oleic acid and total oil accumulation mechanism, providing an excellent target for genetic improvement of oil quality in soybean.
Fatty Acid Desaturases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Oleic Acid ; biosynthesis ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Soybeans ; classification ; enzymology ; genetics

Abstract: To investigate the changes of cerebral blood flow(CBF) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) and its correlation with cognitive function and olfactory impairment. Methods: Cognitive function assessment and smell identification test were performed on 83 patients with T2 DM and 62 healthy controls(HC). Three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling(3 D-pcASL) head images were collected from the two groups. CBF values of the cerebral cortex were compared between the patients and HC after the postprocessing. Correlations between the CBF values and cognitive function assessment and between the CBF values and smell identification test scores were analyzed as well. Results: Compared to the HC, Chinese smell identification test(CSIT), montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA), digit span test(DST), verbal fluency test(VFT) scores were lower in T2 DM patients(P<0.05).The CBF of the bilateral middle frontal gyrus in T2 DM patients was higher than that in HC group(P<0.001). The CBF of the bilateral gyrus rectus and olfactory cortex in T2 DM patients was lower than that in HC group(P<0.001). Conclusion The cognitive and olfactory function of patients with T2 DM decreased. Patients with T2 DM have abnormal perfusion in the bilateral middle frontal gyrus, gyrus rectus and olfactory cortex, revealing that CBF changes in these brain regions may be one of the causes for cognitive impairment and olfactory dysfunction in T2 DM.