No abstract available.
Hot Temperature* ; Milk Proteins*

BACKGROUND: About 70-80% of children with cow's milk allergy (CMA) become outgrown clinically by the age of 3 years. Casein, one of the three major cow's milk proteins (casein, beta-lactoglobulin (BLG), alpha-lactoalbumin (ALA) ) has been reported to play an important role in the persistence of CMA. The aim of this study was to determine different effects of causative milk proteins on the persistence of CMA between two age groups. METHODS: A total of 65 patients with CMA were enrolled in this study. Their cow's milk-specific IgEs were positive ( 0.7 U/ml by Pharmacia CAP). After dividing 65 patients into two age groups, under the age of 3 years and over 3 years (persistent CMA), we compared the levels of casein-, BLG- and ALA-specific IgE antibodies between the two groups. RESULTS: There were 44 patients in the group of less than 3 years of age and 21 patients in the group of more than 3 years of age. The concentrations of the specific IgE antibodies to casein, BLG and ALA were not significantly different between the two groups. However, although statistically insignificant, those more than 3 years of age had higher mean values of casein-specific IgE antibodies and lower mean values of whey protein (BLG and ALA) - specific IgE antibodies compared with those less than 3 years of age. A single dominant allergenic milk protein was not identified within either of the two age groups, but the con centrations of the casein-specific IgE antibodies in children with more than 3 years of age tended to be higher than those of whey protein-specific IgE antibodies. CONCLUSION: Although statistically insignificant, the concentrations of the casein-specific IgE antibodies were higher in the group of more than 3 years of age than in the younger group. Moreover, the concentrations of the casein-specific IgE antibodies in children more than 3 years of age tended to be higher than those of whey proteins. These findings implicate that casein plays a certain role in the persistence of CMA.
Antibodies ; Caseins ; Child* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E* ; Lactoglobulins ; Milk Hypersensitivity* ; Milk Proteins ; Milk* ; Whey Proteins

The diagnosis and treatment of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is still a challenge. A systematic literature search was performed using Embase, Medline, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials for the diagnosis and treatment of cow's milk allergy (CMA). Since none of the symptoms of CMPA is specific and since there is no sensitive diagnostic test (except a challenge test), the diagnosis of CMPA remains difficult. A "symptom-based score" is useful in children with symptoms involving different organ systems. The recommended dietary treatment is an extensive cow milk based hydrolysate. Amino acid based formula is recommended in the most severe cases. However, soy infant formula and hydrolysates from other protein sources (rice) are gaining popularity, as they taste better and are cheaper than the extensive cow's milk based hydrolysates. Recent meta-analyses confirmed the safety of soy and estimate that not more than 10-15% of CMPA-infants become allergic to soy. An accurate diagnosis of CMA is still difficult. The revival of soy and the development of rice hydrolysates challenge the extensive cow's milk based extensive hydrolysates as first option and amino acid formula.
Child ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Infant ; Infant Formula ; Milk Hypersensitivity ; Milk Proteins* ; Milk*

Milk allergy can be caused by milk protein components or extrinsic allergens such a.s penicillin. The author have experienced a young female patient with drug eruption like skin lesions. Her skin lesions recurred after reingestion of milk. Intradermal test with rnilk as is and provocation test with oral penicillin are considered to be positive. Therefore her skin eruption seemed to be caused by penicillin in milk.
Allergens ; Drug Eruptions* ; Female ; Humans ; Intradermal Tests ; Milk Hypersensitivity ; Milk Proteins ; Milk* ; Penicillins* ; Skin

Table 2 contains a typographical error.
Consensus* ; Diagnosis* ; Hypersensitivity* ; Middle East* ; Milk Proteins*

Cow milk allergy can be defined as an adverse immunologic reactions to cow milk protein. The term is often mistakenly applied to other causes of milk intolerence, such as lactase deficiency and galactosemia, which must be differenciated and excluded. We have experienced 10 children of cow milk allergy at neonatal onset who had suffered from G-I symtoms, such as diarrhea, irritability, weight loss, vomiting and abdominal distension. One half of this patients had family history of allergic diseas. All patients have positive specific IgE RAST to cow's milk protein, milk elimination test and milk challenge test. Brest milk feeding and soy bean formula feeding and soy bean formula feeding have started after diagnosis and then gastrointestinal symtoms and signs of all patients are improved but other allergic diseases are combined in 5 children.
Child ; Diagnosis ; Diarrhea ; Galactosemias ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Immunoglobulin E ; Infant* ; Lactase ; Milk ; Milk Hypersensitivity ; Milk Proteins ; Soybeans ; Vomiting ; Weight Loss

For the prevention or the management of milk allergy in infancy, partial or extensive hydrolysates of cow's milk have been used in western countries for a couple of decades. Recently a Korean product of partial hydrolysate(HA-21) became available for the prevention of sensitization to cow's milk proteins. In this study, to compare the antigenicities of whole milk(WM) and HA-21, we performed the IgG and IgE western-blot analysis. Sera were obtained from 17 milk sensitive infants and 2 controls, and crude extract of WM and HA-21 and purified beta-lactoglobulin(BLG), bovine serum IgG(B-IgG), alpha-lactalbumin(ALA) were used for blot- inhibition study. After the non-reduced SDS-PAGE, western-blot studies were done using biotinylated anti-human IgG and IgE antibodies, and the reaction were detected by avidine-phosphatase system. By the SDS-PAGE analysis, WM were separated into bovine-IgG(B-IgG), bovine serum albumin(BSA), 56 KD protein, caseins(CAS), BLG and ALA, but there was no visible bands above 14 KD in the case of HA-21. In preliminary blot analysis with 4 milk sensitive sera, we found the broad and strong IgE-binding protein band in the range of 150-200 KD in all cases. This fraction, named as 'P-band' in this study, was completely inhibited by BLG and partially inhibited by B-IgG using blot-inhibition study. Using the western blot analysis of WM, the P-band revealed the most prevalent IgG and IgE binding protein in 16 of 17 tested sera. More than 15 bands were identified by IgG-blot of WM, but the IgE biding proteins were P-band(16 sera), BSA(12 sera), 56 KD protein(8 sera), and CAS(5 sera). In the case of HA-21, BSA(8 sera) was the only protein bound with IgE antibody and the reaction was very weak compared to that of WM. In conclusion, the major IgE binding protein appears to be the p-band which might contain the epitopes of B-IgG and BLG in this study. The antigenicity of HA-21 is remarkably reduced compared to WM, but still minute residual antigenicity and allergenicity are remained in the extract of HA-21.
Antibodies ; Blotting, Western* ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Epitopes ; Galectin 3 ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunoglobulin G ; Infant ; Milk Hypersensitivity ; Milk Proteins* ; Milk*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the macronutrient composition of breast milk from Korean women on the growth of infants. METHODS: 173 healthy lactating women and breast-fed infants who visited Gangnam Severance Hospital and two breast-feeding centers in Seoul from October 2011 to March 2012 were recruited. We checked the birth weight and body weight of infants while collecting breast milk from the mothers, and analyzed the macronutrient component of breast milk with a mid-infrared milk analyzer (MIRIS(R) Human Milk Analyzer, HMA, Miris AB, Uppsala, Sweden). Group analysis was performed depending on more or less than 5 percentile and 25 percentile of body weight. RESULTS: The amount of daily intake/RDA for calories, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates of breast milk were significantly lower in the less than 5 percentile and 25 percentile group (P<0.05). Using multiple logistic regression analysis, the significant nutrient component that was insufficient in the less than 5 percentile and less than 25 percentile of body weight group respectively was carbohydrates (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: We conclude that each macronutrient level of breast milk is statistically low in infants with less body weight. These results suggest that nutritional consideration of breast milk is necessary for the growth of breast-fed infants.
Birth Weight ; Body Weight ; Breast ; Carbohydrates ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Logistic Models ; Milk ; Milk, Human ; Mothers ; Proteins

Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Infant ; Male ; Milk Hypersensitivity ; diagnosis ; Milk Proteins ; immunology

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Infant, Newborn* ; Lactoglobulins ; Milk Proteins* ; Milk* ; Mothers* ; Postpartum Period*