In this study, we investigated the impact of mastitisinfection on the quality of milk composition in small-scaledairy bovine herds. The purpose of this study was to finda milk quality somatic cell count (SCC) standard thatcould be used as an integral component of a controlprogram. In all, 396 quarter milk samples from lactatingcross-bred cows (Holstein & Zebu) were analyzed; 56% ofthese quarters were experiencing intramammary infection,with an overall mean SCC of 5.46x10(5)+/-2.30x10(4)cells/ml. Infected quarters had significantly (p<0.05) highermean SCC levels (6.19x10(5)+/-4.40x10(4)cells/ml) comparedto healthy quarters (2.65x10(5)+/- 2.40x10(4)cells/ml). Inhigh SCC milk and infected quarters, the concentrationsof non-casein fractions, sodium, chloride, and free fattyacid were higher (p<0.05), while the casein content,lactose, casein-to-total protein, potassium, and calciumwere lower (p<0.05) compared to normal quarters. Thesefindings suggest a mean SCC threshold limit of 5.46x10(5)cells/ml for the region. It was concluded that the resultscould be used to propose a milk quality SCC standard thatcan be used as an integral component of a control program.
Animals ; Cattle ; Cell Count ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dairying ; Female ; Mastitis, Bovine/*metabolism/microbiology ; Milk/chemistry/*metabolism/microbiology ; Rural Population ; Statistics, Nonparametric

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the lactic acid productivity of Lactobacillus acidophilus (La) exposed to formula milk containing different concentration of erythritol.

METHODSLa was cultured under anaerobic condition (80% N(2), 10% CO(2), 10% H(2)) at 37 °C in five experimental groups (formula milk mixed with different concentrations of erythritol). The five experimental groups contained 1%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% erythritol, respectively (groups 1% E-M, 2% E-M, 4% E-M, 6% E-M, 8% E-M). Formula milk served as control group (group M). The lactic acid was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at 4 h intervals during 24 h. The peak-area of lactic acid was recorded and used to calculate the concentration of lactic acid through the equation of a standard curve (y = 590 244x + 67 507). ANOVA and Tukey HDS analysis were used to analyze the data.

RESULTSThe concentration of lactic acid at 24 h was group M [(4.693 ± 0.105) g/L], group 1% E-M[(4.114 ± 0.186) g/L], group 2% E-M[(3.720 ± 0.158) g/L], group 4% E-M[(3.045 ± 0.152) g/L], group 6% E-M[(2.971 ± 0.086) g/L], group 8% E-M[(2.789 ± 0.142) g/L]. Statistically significant differences in lactic acid concentrations were found between different time points (P < 0.05) and between different groups (F = 187.448, P < 0.05). Moreover, the concentrations of lactic acid in each experimental group was lower than that in control group (P < 0.05). The difference among groups 4% E-M, 6% E-M, and 8% E-M were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSErythritol showed the inhibition potential against La in metabolizing lactic acid in formula milk. The effect of erythritol was concentration depended. The higher concentration of erythritol contained in the milk, the better the inhibition potential against La in metabolizing lactic acid.

Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Erythritol ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Formula ; chemistry ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Lactic Acid ; analysis ; metabolism ; Lactobacillus acidophilus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Milk ; chemistry ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Time Factors