This study aimed to investigate the independent and interactive influences of apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 and beta-amyloid (Abeta) on multiple cognitive domains in a large group of cognitively normal (CN) individuals and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Participants were included if clinical and cognitive assessments, amyloid imaging, and APOE genotype were all available from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database (CN = 324, MCI = 502, AD = 182). Individuals with one or two copies of epsilon4 were designated as APOE epsilon4 carriers (epsilon4+); individuals with no epsilon4 were designated as APOE epsilon4 non-carriers (epsilon4-). Based on mean florbetapir standard uptake value ratios, participants were classified as Abeta burden-positive (Abeta+) or Abeta burden-negative (Abeta-). In MCI, APOE epsilon4 effects were predominantly observed on frontal executive function, with epsilon4+ participants exhibiting poorer performances; Abeta positivity had no influence on this effect. Abeta effects were observed on global cognition, memory, and visuospatial ability, with Abeta+ participants exhibiting poorer performances. Measures of frontal executive function were not influenced by Abeta. Interactive effects of APOE epsilon4+ and Abeta were observed on global cognition and verbal recognition memory. Abeta, not APOE epsilon4+, influenced clinical severity and functional status. The influences of APOE epsilon4+ and Abeta on cognitive function were minimal in CN and AD. In conclusion, we provide further evidence of both independent and interactive influences of APOE epsilon4+ and Abeta on cognitive function in MCI, with APOE epsilon4+ and Abeta showing dissociable effects on executive and non-executive functions, respectively.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics/pathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*metabolism ; Aniline Compounds/chemistry ; Apolipoprotein E4/*genetics ; Brain/radiography ; Cognition ; Databases, Factual ; Demography ; Ethylene Glycols/chemistry ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Mild Cognitive Impairment/genetics/*pathology ; Positron-Emission Tomography