OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to explore the use of mobile applications about pregnancy, birth, and child care among pregnant women and to review the characteristics, contents, and credibility of the applications used by these women. METHODS: This study was cross-sectional and was conducted using a survey method. One hundred and ninety-three pregnant women participated in this study. The questionnaire was developed to examine the pattern and reasons for pregnancy-related application usage. The 47 mobile apps used by participants were reviewed and categorized based on functions and developers. The credibility of the information provided by the mobile applications was evaluated using a structured measurement. RESULTS: Fifty-five percent of the participants were using mobile apps related to pregnancy, birth, and/or child care. First-time mothers used the apps significantly more often than women who were pregnant for the second time. Women who had used a smartphone for a longer period of time were more likely to use apps related to pregnancy, birth, and/or child care. The most frequently-used information concerned signs of risk and disease during pregnancy. Experts' quick opinions and Q&A formats related to diet and medication administration during pregnancy were the women's most cited need for content in applications. Information was the most common function of the apps. In the evaluation of information credibility, the 'information source' category had the lowest score. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that applications related to pregnancy, birth, and child care have become an important information source for pregnant women. To fulfill the needs of users, credible applications related to pregnancy, birth, and child care should be developed and managed by qualified healthcare professionals.
Child Care* ; Child* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Mobile Applications* ; Mothers ; Parturition* ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The study assessed whether nurse staffing was associated with 3 nursing sensitive outcomes used in intensive care unit (ICU) nursing care plans. METHOD: This study was a retrospective and descriptive study using clinical data extracted from the data warehouse of a large acute care hospital in the Midwest. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the records of 578 ICU patients admitted from March 25 to May 31, 2010. RESULTS: 79 Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) outcomes were used in the nursing care plans. The 3 most commonly used NOC outcomes (Pain Level, Infection Severity, and Tissue Integrity: Skin and Mucous Membranes) were analyzed to determine their relationship to nurse staffing. As a nurse staffing ratio, the skill mix of nursing caregivers ranged from 0.74 to 1 with an average of 0.90. This skill mix of nursing caregivers significantly differed among the changes in Infection Severity scores. However, the mean difference was only 0.02. CONCLUSION: The results did not support that greater nurse staffing was associated with better outcomes. More research is still needed to determine the usefulness of Pain Level, Infection Severity, and Tissue Integrity: Skin and Mucous Membranes in evaluating the impact of nurse staffing.
Caregivers ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Mucous Membrane ; Nursing Care ; Nursing Staff ; Patient Care Planning ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to use decision tree analysis to explore the factors associated with pressure ulcers (PUs) among elderly people admitted to Korean long-term care facilities. METHODS: The data were extracted from the 2014 National Inpatient Sample (NIS)—data of Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA). A MapReduce-based program was implemented to join and filter 5 tables of the NIS. The outcome predicted by the decision tree model was the prevalence of PUs as defined by the Korean Standard Classification of Disease-7 (KCD-7; code L89*). Using R 3.3.1, a decision tree was generated with the finalized 15,856 cases and 830 variables. RESULTS: The decision tree displayed 15 subgroups with 8 variables showing 0.804 accuracy, 0.820 sensitivity, and 0.787 specificity. The most significant primary predictor of PUs was length of stay less than 0.5 day. Other predictors were the presence of an infectious wound dressing, followed by having diagnoses numbering less than 3.5 and the presence of a simple dressing. Among diagnoses, “injuries to the hip and thigh” was the top predictor ranking 5th overall. Total hospital cost exceeding 2,200,000 Korean won (US $2,000) rounded out the top 7. CONCLUSIONS: These results support previous studies that showed length of stay, comorbidity, and total hospital cost were associated with PUs. Moreover, wound dressings were commonly used to treat PUs. They also show that machine learning, such as a decision tree, could effectively predict PUs using big data.
Aged ; Bandages ; Classification ; Comorbidity ; Data Mining ; Decision Trees* ; Diagnosis ; Hip ; Hospital Costs ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Insurance, Health ; Length of Stay ; Long-Term Care* ; Machine Learning ; Pressure Ulcer* ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Suppuration ; Wounds and Injuries

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data to develop safety education programs in elementary school. METHOD: Analysis is made based on textbooks for 1st-6th-grade elementary school students published by Korea Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development. RESULTS: 1) Among the textbooks. only , , , and courses dealt with safety education. 2) The contents of safety education included traffic safety, water safety, indoor and outdoor safety, fire, emergency measures, misuse and abuse of drug, smoking, toy safety, sports safety, leasure safety and disasters. However, the contents were theoretical, fragmentary, local and limited. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the consents of safety education must be strengthened, and more practical and more behavior-oriented in consideration of activities.
Disasters ; Education* ; Emergencies ; Fires ; Humans ; Korea ; Play and Playthings ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Sports ; Staff Development

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of nursing professionalism, satisfaction with major, and self-leadership on nursing student career preparation behavior. METHODS: Data were collected from August 1 to August 31, 2014. Participants were 400 students who completed self-report questionnaires covering career preparation behavior, nursing professionalism, satisfaction with major and self-leadership. The SPSS/WIN/PC 21.0 program was used for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlational coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The average scores for career preparation behavior, nursing professionalism, satisfaction with major, and self-leadership were 2.51, 3.80, 3,89, and 3.51 respectively. There were positive correlations among career preparation behavior, nursing professionalism, satisfaction with major, and self-leadership. Age, academic year, nursing professionalism, self-leadership, general satisfaction in satisfaction with major were significant predictors of career preparation behavior. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to provide career educational programs considering according to the academic year of nursing students and to develop educational programs to improve the nursing professionalism of nursing students.
Humans ; Nursing* ; Professionalism ; Students, Nursing*

Objectives: The benefits of physical activity (PA) for breast cancer (BC) patients and survivors are well documented. With the widespread use of the internet and mobile phones, along with the recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, there has been a growing interest in digital health interventions. This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of digital PA interventions for BC patients and survivors in improving PA and quality of life (QoL). Methods: We searched eight databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library, RISS, and DBpia. Studies were included if they provided digital PA interventions, assessed PA and QoL among BC patients and survivors, and were published from inception to December 31, 2022. Results: In total, 18 studies were identified. The meta-analysis showed significant improvement in the total PA duration (five studies; standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25–1.18; I2 = 86.64%), functional capacity (three studies; SMD = 0.38; 95% CI, 0.10–0.66; I2 = 14.36%), and QoL (nine studies; SMD = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.22–0.69; I2 = 65.55%). Conclusions Digital PA interventions for BC patients and survivors may significantly improve PA, functional capacity, and QoL. Future research should focus on the long-term effects of digital PA interventions, using objective outcome measures.

Propylthiouracil(PTU) is one of lupus-inducing drugs, though rarely reported. We report a case of PTU-induced lupus, with the review of of previous literatures. Lupus-like symptoms in a 28year-old female patient, who had been suffering from relapsed Graves' disease, were presented during PTU therapy. The results of antinuclear antibody and anti-histone antibody were positive. After symptomatic reatment and discontinuation of PTU, all of the symptoms and the abnormalities in laboratory tests disappeared, which suggested drug-induced lupus.
Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Female ; Graves Disease ; Humans ; Propylthiouracil

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify research trends in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration from 2013 to 2015. METHODS: For this study, 171 articles were analyzed. Research designs, participants, research settings, sampling, and data analyses methods were reviewed using established analysis criteria. Keyword centrality and clusters were generated by keyword network analysis. RESULTS: Most of studies used quantitative methods (82.5%), and sampling mainly focused on nurses (68.8%). The most commonly used data analyses methods were t-test, ANOVA, correlation, and regression. The most central keywords were turnover and empowerment. Network analysis generated four network groups: 1) burnout; 2) turnover; 3) happiness; and 4) nursing professionalism. CONCLUSION: The results of this study identify current trends and interests in Korean nursing administration research. The findings from this study suggest that future studies include a variety of research methods and maintain appropriate research ethics.
Ethics, Research ; Happiness ; Nursing Administration Research ; Nursing Research ; Nursing* ; Power (Psychology) ; Professionalism ; Research Design ; Statistics as Topic

BACKGROUND: Various cell-culture systems have been used to evaluate drug toxicity in vitro. However, factors that affect cytotoxicity outcomes in drug toxicity evaluation systems remain elusive. In this study, we used multilayered sheets of cardiac-mimetic cells, which were reprogrammed from human fibroblasts, to investigate the effects of the layer number on drug cytotoxicity outcomes. METHODS: Cell sheets of cardiac-mimetic cells were fabricated by reprogramming of human fibroblasts into cardiacmimetic cells via coculture with cardiac cells and electric stimulation, as previously described. Double-layered cell sheets were prepared by stacking the cell sheets. The mono- and double-layered cell sheets were treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an anticancer drug, in vitro. Subsequently, apoptosis and lipid peroxidation were analyzed. Furthermore, effects of cardiacmimetic cell density on cytotoxicity outcomes were evaluated by culturing cells in monolayer at various cell densities. RESULTS: The double-layered cell sheets exhibited lower cytotoxicity in terms of apoptosis and lipid peroxidation than the mono-layered sheets at the same 5-FU dose. In addition, the double-layered cell sheets showed better preservation of mitochondrial function and plasma membrane integrity than the monolayer sheets. The lower cytotoxicity outcomes in the double-layered cell sheets may be due to the higher intercellular interactions, as the cytotoxicity of 5-FU decreased with cell density in monolayer cultures of cardiac-mimetic cells. CONCLUSION The layer number of cardiac-mimetic cell sheets affects drug cytotoxicity outcomes in drug toxicity tests.The in vitro. cellular configuration that more closely mimics the in vivo configuration in the evaluation systems seems to exhibit lower cytotoxicity in response to drug.

BACKGROUND: Various cell-culture systems have been used to evaluate drug toxicity in vitro. However, factors that affect cytotoxicity outcomes in drug toxicity evaluation systems remain elusive. In this study, we used multilayered sheets of cardiac-mimetic cells, which were reprogrammed from human fibroblasts, to investigate the effects of the layer number on drug cytotoxicity outcomes. METHODS: Cell sheets of cardiac-mimetic cells were fabricated by reprogramming of human fibroblasts into cardiacmimetic cells via coculture with cardiac cells and electric stimulation, as previously described. Double-layered cell sheets were prepared by stacking the cell sheets. The mono- and double-layered cell sheets were treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an anticancer drug, in vitro. Subsequently, apoptosis and lipid peroxidation were analyzed. Furthermore, effects of cardiacmimetic cell density on cytotoxicity outcomes were evaluated by culturing cells in monolayer at various cell densities. RESULTS: The double-layered cell sheets exhibited lower cytotoxicity in terms of apoptosis and lipid peroxidation than the mono-layered sheets at the same 5-FU dose. In addition, the double-layered cell sheets showed better preservation of mitochondrial function and plasma membrane integrity than the monolayer sheets. The lower cytotoxicity outcomes in the double-layered cell sheets may be due to the higher intercellular interactions, as the cytotoxicity of 5-FU decreased with cell density in monolayer cultures of cardiac-mimetic cells. CONCLUSION The layer number of cardiac-mimetic cell sheets affects drug cytotoxicity outcomes in drug toxicity tests.The in vitro. cellular configuration that more closely mimics the in vivo configuration in the evaluation systems seems to exhibit lower cytotoxicity in response to drug.