The purpose of this study was to investigate the administration pattern of sedatives, analgesics, and muscle relaxants for mechanically ventilated patients. The subjects of this descriptive study were 21 adult patients who received mechanical ventilation therapy more than 3 days in SICU. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The mean age of the subjects was 52 years old. Ten out of 21 subjects were female and 11 patients were male. 2. The 13 different drugs were prescribed for the patients. There were 325 total doses administered for 3 days to these patients. Most frequently used medication was midazolam. On average, the patients were received 2.5 different drugs. 3. The number of administered drug and the frequency of administration differed depending on the type of surgery which the patients had undergone. 4. Examination on the administration pattern of midazolam revealed that patients received midazolam by continuous intravenous infusion (19%), by intermittent intravenous injection (33%), and by both continuous and intermittent method (19%). 5. About 42% of patients received neuromuscular blocking agents with sedatives or analgesics. None of them was given paralytic agents without sedatives or analgesics. Future study should be focused on the evaluation of the adequacy of current practice for sedation and paralysis in terms of the patient's response.
Adult ; Analgesics* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives* ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Midazolam ; Middle Aged ; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents ; Paralysis ; Respiration, Artificial

PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop a scale measuring sexuality information needs of patients with cancer. METHODS: Nine items of sexuality information needs were based on the PLISSIT model and concepts of sexual rights. A factor analysis using principal axis factoring and Cronbach's alpha were performed to test validity and reliability. Data were collected from 211 patients with cancer visiting a cancer center in Seoul, Korea. RESULTS: Factor loadings of the 9 items of sub scales ranged from .43 to .96. Three factors in this study explained 74.4% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha of the 9 items was .83. CONCLUSION: The scale of information needs about sexuality showed acceptable construct validity and reliability. This scale would be useful to assess the levels of information needs for sexuality for patients with cancer. The possibility of the scales' expansion to other group could be investigated in future studies.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Korea ; Needs Assessment ; Reproducibility of Results ; Seoul ; Sexuality* ; Weights and Measures

To evaluate iron nutritional status of female college students, fasting blood samples were taken from 76 female students of Kangnung National University. Hemoglobin(Hb), hematocrit(Hct), serum iron(Fe), total iron binding capacity(TIBC) and serum ferritin concentrations were measured and transferrin saturation was calculated. Mean values for Hb, Hct, Fe, TIBC, TS and serum freeitin were 13.64+/-1.42g/dl, 40.99+/-4.31%, 103.0+/-33.3 microgram/dl, 395.3+/-9.07 microgram/dl, 26.58+/-9.07%and 26.76+/-17.5ng/ml, respectively. Prevalence of iron deficiency greatly varied by indices from 6.8% when judged by Hct to 26.0% by serum ferritin concentration. The Hb concentration was positively correlated with hematocrit (r=0.5402), serum iron(r=0.2819) and transferrin saturation(r=0.2777)(p<0.05). on the other hand, serum ferritin concentration showed significantly negative correlation with TIBC(r=-0.3196). Two-day dietary intake records were collected from subjects to estimate mean daily iron intake and bioavailability of dietary iron. Mean daily intake of iron was 13.15 mg and heme iron intake was 0.83 mg which was 6.4% of total iron intake. Total absorbable iron calculated by the method of Monsen was 1.27 mg and bioavailability of dietary iron was 9.6%. In the light of high prevalence of iron deficiency based of serum ferritin concentration and low bioavailability of iron in the diet, guidelines about diet should be made to increase the content and bioavailability of iron in the diet if female college students.
Biological Availability ; Diet ; Fasting ; Female* ; Ferritins ; Hand ; Hematocrit ; Heme ; Humans ; Iron* ; Iron, Dietary ; Nutritional Status* ; Prevalence ; Transferrin

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to describe mother's child-rearing attitudes and problem conduct of children as perceived by children and to examine correlation between maternal nurturing attitudes and child problem behavior. METHOD: The participants were 338 fifth and sixth graders who attended two randomly selected elementary schools in the city of G, Gangwon province. Child-rearing attitudes of the mother were rated on a 5-pointed scale that developed by Schaefer and added by Oh & Lee(1982). Problem conduct of children were rated on a 3-pointed scale of the K-YSR by Oh Kyung-Ja et al.(1997). The data were gathered from October 2 to October 28, 2004, and the collected data were analyzed with SPSS 10.0 program. RESULTS: For the children's perception of mother's child-rearing attitude, student had a relatively high mean scores of 3.70+/-0.44. Correlations between the mother's child-rearing attitude and general characteristics of the children showed statistically significantly different according to grade, father-mother relations, type of residence and extent to which father shared household chores. The mean score for problem conducts of children was 0.47+/-0.25.The average for their internal behavior problems was 0.52+/-0.33, and for external behavior problems was 0.44+/-0.24. There were statistically significantly differences in the behavior problem scores of the children according to the general characteristics of grade, education, occupation, mother-father relations, extent to which father shared in household chores and religion. As to correlation between mother's child-rearing attitude and their problem conduct, every type of attitude had a significantly moderate reverse correlation to every type of behavior problem of the children(r=-.431, p=.000). CONCLUSION: Mother's child-rearing attitudes might affect the problem conduct of children, and mother should try to treat their children with affection and respect, to maintain good relations with father, and to bring their children up coherently in an autonomous, permissive, positive and democratic manner.
Child* ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Fathers ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Mothers ; Occupations ; Child Health

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data to develop safety education programs in elementary school. METHOD: Analysis is made based on textbooks for 1st-6th-grade elementary school students published by Korea Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development. RESULTS: 1) Among the textbooks. only , , , and courses dealt with safety education. 2) The contents of safety education included traffic safety, water safety, indoor and outdoor safety, fire, emergency measures, misuse and abuse of drug, smoking, toy safety, sports safety, leasure safety and disasters. However, the contents were theoretical, fragmentary, local and limited. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the consents of safety education must be strengthened, and more practical and more behavior-oriented in consideration of activities.
Disasters ; Education* ; Emergencies ; Fires ; Humans ; Korea ; Play and Playthings ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Sports ; Staff Development

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to describe the perception of parental sex role held by university students and to examine differences in perception of parental sex role according to student characteristics. METHOD: The participants were 336 university students in Gangreung city. The instrument of parental sex role was developed by the researcher and consisted of 3 subcategories; general parent role, parental sex role as a father and parental sex role as a mother. RESULTS: The most positive item of parental sex role as a father is 'the Father's role is teaching about the value of society'. The most positive item of parental sex role as a mother is 'the Mother's role is to be a counselor or friend'. There were significant differences in perception of a father's role according to sex, type of college, fathers who lived with student during childhood, the relationship with the parent, the plan of marriage and having a child, responsibility of child-rearing, and the need for education for the parental role. There were significant differences in perception of the mother's role according to sex, grade, type of college, birth order, type of family, persons who lived with student during childhood, the relationship with the parent, plan of marriage and having a child, responsibility of child-rearing, and the need for education for the parental role. CONCLUSION: The parental sex role changes overtime. Thus, it is important to identify university student's perception of parental sex roles as pre-parent preparation for parenting.
Birth Order ; Child ; Counseling ; Education ; Fathers ; Gender Identity* ; Humans ; Marriage ; Mothers ; Parenting ; Parents* ; Ritodrine

No abstract available.
Obesity*

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of sex communication with friends and sexual double standard on contraceptive self-efficacy among university students. METHODS: With a survey design, data were collected from 251 university students from three universities in G city from September 2016 to October 2016. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: Sex communication with friends, sexual double standard, and contraceptive self-efficacy scores of participants were 58.82±8.78, 21.73±6.00, and 44.20±5.91, respectively. Sex communication with friends and sexual double standard were related to contraceptive self-efficacy. Sexual double standard, sex communication with friends, female, contraceptive education, and contraceptive experience explained 33% of contraceptive self-efficacy of participants. CONCLUSION: Sexual double standard and sex communication with friends were influencing factors of contraceptive self-efficacy. To improve contraceptive self-efficacy of university students, a program is needed to eliminate sexual double standard and improve sex communication with friends among university students in Korea.
Contraception ; Education ; Female ; Friends* ; Humans ; Korea

It is inconvenient to perform serum lipid analysis in fasting state in diabetic patients with drug treatment. In patients with statin treatment and Asian diet, it has not been clearly known whether non-fasting values could be used for the clinical decision making in diabetic patients. In this study, fasting and post-prandial plasma lipid profiles of hospitalized type 2 diabetic patients taking statin, were measured in whom standard diabetic breakfast in traditional Korean style were provided. In repeated-measures ANOVA, there were no significant differences among fasting, post-prandial 2 and 4 hr low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol values. When compared to fasting levels, both post-prandial 2 hr and 4 hr LDL cholesterol levels were misclassified as not achieved target goal only in 4% of patients. Post-prandial HDL cholesterol matched with fasting values in women, without exception. In conclusion, the fasting and post-prandial LDL and HDL cholesterol levels are not significantly different each other and can be used in the assessment of achieving target goal in type 2 diabetes taking statin after Korean diet.
Aged ; Cholesterol, HDL/*blood ; Cholesterol, LDL/*blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*blood/drug therapy ; Diet ; Fasting ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/*therapeutic use ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Postprandial Period ; Pregnancy

A histopathological study was performed on nevus sebaceus to observe its aging effect based on 75 cases of neuvs sebaceus those were collected during the past 10 years from three university hospitals in Seoul. The results are as follows: 1) Clinical findings The incidence was most frequent in the teenage group. The 75 cases consisted of 41 males and 34 females with a sex ratio of 1.2:1. Most of cases developed in the head and neck areas with 62.7% on the scalp and 29.3% on the face. 2) Histopathologic findings. The epidermal changes such as acanthosis(40%), papillomatosis(73%), hypergranulosis(44%) were most remarkable in the second decade and gradually decreased with aging. The apparent proliferation of sebaceous gland was observed in 73% and it was most prominent in the second decade. Apocrine glands were absent before the first decade but apparently increased after then. Proliferation of eccrine gland was not significant in all the age groups. Mild increase of immature hair follicles were noted in 49% of our cases with gradually decreasing tendency in the older age. The dermal inflammatory infiltrates were noted from the 2nd decade(28%) and thereafter gradually increased. Associated neoplasms were one apocrine adenoma, one sebaceous adenoma, two trichilemmomas and two arteriovenous hemangiomas. The majority of tumors occured in the third decade. Therefore, it is observed that neuvs sebaceous undergoes dynamic histopathologic changes according to the age of patient and later develop various secondary neoplastic changes. The pathogenesis of the nevus sebaceus is suggested to be closely related with developmental anomalies of primitive hair germ units in fetal stage.
Adolescent ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence