Obesity associated with unhealthy diet and lack of exercise is shown to contribute to the onset and/or aggravation of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes, thus placing affected individuals at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Plasma adiponectin levels are decreased in obesity, which causes insulin resistance and diabetes. Therefore, we identified adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) as the therapeutic target. It was suggested that, similarly to caloric restriction and exercise, activation of the AdipoRs may have the potential not only to improve lifestyle-related diseases but to contribute to prolonged the shortened lifespan on a high caloric unhealthy diet. To this end, we have identified "AdipoRon" as an adiponectin receptor agonist. Indeed, AdipoRon ameliorated diabetes associated with obesity as well as to increase exercise endurance, thus prolonging shortened lifespan of obese mice fed on a high fat diet. Additionally, we have recently determined the crystal structures of the human AdipoRs. The seven-transmembrane helices of AdipoRs are structurally distinct from those of G-protein coupled receptors. It is expected that these findings will contribute not only to the elucidation of the AdipoR-related signal transduction but to the development and optimization of AdipoR-targeted therapeutics for obesity-related diseases such as diabetes.
Adiponectin ; Animals ; Caloric Restriction ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diet ; Diet, High-Fat ; GTP-Binding Proteins ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Mice ; Mice, Obese ; Obesity* ; Plasma ; Receptors, Adiponectin ; Signal Transduction

Objective: Primary care physicians on remote islands and specialists in mainland are expected to collaborate using telemedicine. This survey aimed to identify diseases for which primary care physicians on remote islands consider telemedicine necessary.Materials and Methods: A mail survey was conducted at rural public clinics on remote islands. Participants were asked to select diseases for which telemedicine with mainland specialists was necessary.Results: A total of 23 physicians participated in this survey. The most common disease category for telemedicine was psychiatric/psychosomatic diseases, followed by neurological and endocrine/nutrition/metabolic diseases.Conclusion: These data may be useful for the future development of telemedicine involving primary care physicians on remote islands and mainland specialists.