PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing health promoting lifestyle of urban bus driver in small-sized companies. METHODS: This study included 118 urban bus drivers who completed questionnaires. The data were collected from 6 small-sized bus companies located in a metropolitan city, from January to February 2015. Analyses were done using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analysis. SPSS/Win 18.0 was used. RESULTS: The scores of HPLP of urban bus drivers were 2.7 (on a 4-point scale). Mean of HPLP sub-scores were self-fulfillment (3.0+/-0.5), interpersonal relationship (2.9+/-0.5), physical activity (2.9+/-0.7), health responsibility (2.7+/-0.5), healthy diet (2.6+/-0.6), and stress management (2.5+/-0.5). Among independent variables, job satisfaction and presence of religion were significantly related to health promoting lifestyle (explained 39.2%). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that there is a need to strengthen job satisfaction for urban bus drivers' health promoting lifestyle.
Diet ; Health Promotion ; Job Satisfaction ; Life Style* ; Motor Activity

Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) causes ischemic symptoms; it is the rarest type, occurring in 5% of all TOS cases. This paper is a case report of a 38-year-old male patient diagnosed with arterial TOS, displaying symptoms of acute critical limb ischemia caused by thromboembolism. Brachial artery of the patient has been diffusely damaged by repeated occurrence of thromboembolism. It was thought to be not enough only decompression of subclavian artery to relieve the symptoms of hand ischemia; therefore, bypass surgery using reversed great saphenous vein was performed.
Adult ; Brachial Artery ; Decompression ; Extremities ; Hand ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Male ; Saphenous Vein ; Subclavian Artery ; Thoracic Outlet Syndrome* ; Thromboembolism ; Vascular Grafting

BACKGROUND: Upper limb ischemia is less common than lower limb ischemia, and relatively few cases have been reported. This paper reviews the epidemiology, etiology, and clinical characteristics of upper limb ischemia and analyzes the factors affecting functional sequelae after treatment. METHODS: The records of 35 patients with acute and chronic upper limb ischemia who underwent treatment from January 2007 to December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The median age was 55.03 years, and the number of male patients was 24 (68.6%). The most common etiology was embolism of cardiac origin, followed by thrombosis with secondary trauma, and the brachial artery was the most common location for a lesion causing obstruction. Computed tomography angiography was the first-line diagnostic tool in our center. Twenty-eight operations were performed, and conservative therapy was implemented in seven cases. Five deaths (14.3%) occurred during follow-up. Twenty patients (57.1%) complained of functional sequelae after treatment. Functional sequelae were found to be more likely in patients with a longer duration of symptoms (odds ratio, 1.251; p=0.046) and higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (odds ratio, 1.001; p=0.031). CONCLUSION: An increased duration of symptoms and higher initial serum LDH levels were associated with the more frequent occurrence of functional sequelae. The prognosis of upper limb ischemia is associated with prompt and proper treatment and can also be predicted by initial serum LDH levels.
Angiography ; Brachial Artery ; Embolism ; Epidemiology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ischemia* ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Thrombosis ; Upper Extremity*

Objective: To report the authors’ experience in performing thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for zone 2 lesions after traumatic aortic injury (TAI). Materials and Methods: This retrospective review included 10 patients who underwent zone 2 TEVAR after identification of aortic isthmus injury by CT angiography (CTA) upon arrival at the emergency room of a regional trauma center from 2016 to 2019. Patients were classified into two groups: those who underwent left subclavian artery (LSA) embolization concurrently with the main TEVAR procedure, and those in whom LSA embolization was not performed during the main procedure, but was planned as a bailout treatment if type II endoleak was noted on follow-up CTA images. Pre-procedural and procedurerelated factors and post-procedure prognosis were compared between the groups. Results: There were no differences in pre-procedural factors, occurrence of endoleaks, and post-procedure prognosis (including mortality) between patients in the two groups. The duration of the procedure was shorter in the non-LSA embolization group (61 minutes vs. 27 minutes, p = 0.012). During follow-up, type II endoleak did not occur in either group. Conclusion Delaying preventative LSA embolization until stabilization of the patient would be desirable when performing zone 2 TEVAR for TAI, in the absence of endoleak on the completion aortography image taken after complete deployment of the stent graft.

BACKGROUND: Patients who are born without spleen or who have impaired splenic function due to disease or splenectomy become vulnerable to sepsis caused by bacteria. Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI) occurs at an estimated incidence of 0.23-0.42% per year with a lifetime risk of 5%. The risk of OPSI with encapsulated bacteria is generally considered greatest in the first 2 years after splenectomy but the increased risk remains lifelong. Because vaccination doesn't completely protect against infection with encapsulated bacteria that prevent OPSI, use of prophylactic antibiotics are recommended for prevention of infection after splenectomy.METHODS: A retrospective review of 41 patients who underwent splenectomy from January 1990 to December 2012 in Inje University Busan Paik Hospital were identified through the medical records.RESULTS: Of 41 patients, 100% (41/41) were vaccinated in pneumococcal vaccines, 27% (11/41) were vaccinated in HIB vaccines. Prophylactic antibiotics (penicillin G benzathine IM every 4 weeks) were prescribed in 73% (30/41) of patients. We could not find any septic events.CONCLUSION: Because of the high mortality, the fulminant course, and the refractoriness to common treatment of overwhelming infections caused by encapsulated bacteria, prevention through vaccination and antibiotic prophylaxis is the basis of the management of patients who have had splenectomy or have hyposplenism. Prophylactic antibiotics using Penicillin G benzathine every 4 weeks is effective for preventing septic events in splenectomized patients. But further improvement in coverage of recommended vaccines and continuous prophylactic antibiotics after splenectomy is needed to reduce the risk of serious infection.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Bacteria ; Ethylenediamines ; Haemophilus influenzae type b ; Humans ; Incidence ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Penicillin G Benzathine ; Pneumococcal Vaccines ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis ; Spleen ; Splenectomy ; Vaccination ; Vaccines

BACKGROUND: Hemophilia A and hemophilia B are characterized by prolongation of bleeding and hemorrhages in the joints and soft tissues. There is no ultimate treatment, if patients did not properly manage who can lead to chronic disease and lifelong disabilities. Many patients with hemophilia continue to seek medical attention, for several reasons in the emergency department (ED). In this retrospective study, we examined the overall ED use by patients with hemophilia in a single center, particularly in order to examine visits related to clinical characteristics.METHODS: There were 210 patients with hemophilia for a 16-year period. Among them, 96 patients visited the ED. We evaluated the history, laboratory findings, image study, clinical course.RESULTS: There are 170 hemophilia A, 40 hemophilia B. Bleeding is the most common reason for ED visits. Bleeding site is joint, intracranial, muscle, subcutaneous, gastrointestinal in regular sequence. Life threatening bleeding was reported 23 episodes of Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), 12 episodes of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, 6 episodes of iliopsoas bleeding and 2 episodes of pulmonary hemorrhage. In the case of ICH, seizure is usual symptom. In the case of gastrointestinal bleeding, hematochezia is the common symptom. In the case of iliopsoas bleeding, lower extremity pain and edema, limitation of motion are common symptoms.CONCLUSION: In order to minimize complications, we must perform fast, accurate judgement and treatment when the patients with hemophilia visit ED.
Chronic Disease ; Edema ; Emergencies ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Hemophilia A ; Hemophilia B ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Joints ; Lower Extremity ; Muscles ; Overall ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures

Background: When an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is created using the basilic or deep cephalic vein, it is additionally necessary to transfer the vessels to a position where needling is easy; however, many patients develop wound-related postsurgical complications due to the long surgical wounds resulting from conventional superficialization of a deep AVF or basilic vein transposition. Thus, to address this problem, we performed videoscopic surgery with small surgical incisions. Methods: Data from 16 patients who underwent additional videoscopic radiocephalic superficialization, brachiocephalic superficialization, and brachiobasilic transposition after AVF formation at our institution in 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Needling was successful in all patients. No wound-related complications occurred. The mean vessel size and blood flow of the AVF just before the first needling were 0.73±0.16 mm and 1,516.25±791.26 mL/min, respectively. The mean vessel depth after surgery was 0.26±0.10 cm. Percutaneous angioplasty was additionally performed in 25% of the patients. Primary patency was observed in 100% of patients during the follow-up period (262.44±73.49 days). Conclusion Videoscopic surgery for AVF dramatically reduced the incidence of postoperative complications without interrupting patency; moreover, such procedures may increase the use of native vessels for vascular access. In addition, dissection using a videoscope compared to blind dissection using only a skip incision dramatically increased the success rate of displacement by reducing damage to the dissected vessels.

Objective: To report the authors’ experience in performing thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for zone 2 lesions after traumatic aortic injury (TAI). Materials and Methods: This retrospective review included 10 patients who underwent zone 2 TEVAR after identification of aortic isthmus injury by CT angiography (CTA) upon arrival at the emergency room of a regional trauma center from 2016 to 2019. Patients were classified into two groups: those who underwent left subclavian artery (LSA) embolization concurrently with the main TEVAR procedure, and those in whom LSA embolization was not performed during the main procedure, but was planned as a bailout treatment if type II endoleak was noted on follow-up CTA images. Pre-procedural and procedurerelated factors and post-procedure prognosis were compared between the groups. Results: There were no differences in pre-procedural factors, occurrence of endoleaks, and post-procedure prognosis (including mortality) between patients in the two groups. The duration of the procedure was shorter in the non-LSA embolization group (61 minutes vs. 27 minutes, p = 0.012). During follow-up, type II endoleak did not occur in either group. Conclusion Delaying preventative LSA embolization until stabilization of the patient would be desirable when performing zone 2 TEVAR for TAI, in the absence of endoleak on the completion aortography image taken after complete deployment of the stent graft.

Purpose: South Korea ranked 18th out of the 162 participating countries in the 2019 report on sustainable development goals (SDGs). Among the 17 specified goals, it has the most difficulty in achieving gender equality (SDG 5). This shortcoming is manifested in the lack of studies on gender-sensitive indicators. The study aims to establish the significance of the development of a comprehensive health matrix to concretize the concept of gender-sensitivity which is often considered as abstract. Methods: An integrated analysis of health determinants was conducted through a convergence study involving medical, social and natural sciences. This analysis was based on both literature reviews and focusgroup discussions. The 6 following focal points were chosen based on the SDGs: gender equality, medicine, education, economy, nutrition, and environment. Objective quantitative indicators were then designated to each of the 6 areas and comparatively analyzed for South Korea, North Korea, and the other SDGs countries. Four areas on sexual and reproductive health were also selected. Results: The results indicated that South Korea scored much lower than North Korea and the other SDGs countries in terms of gender equality. It was also behind North Korea in education, although North Korea had a comparatively lower ranking in the rest of the areas. On the other hand, it fared better than the aforementioned countries with respect to environment, nutrition, medicine, and economy. Conclusion A comprehensive gender-sensitive health matrix was developed to refine the abstract concept of gender-sensitivity through objective quantitative indicators that assess the health status of a country by means of a scoring system. Gender equality was also confirmed as a common and significant component in the disciplines of sexual and reproductive health and comprehensive health.