PURPOSE: This study was conducted in order to explore the factors affecting the hope in nursing students. METHODS: A total of 166 nursing students participated in the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS WIN 18.0. RESULTS: The mean scores for social support, self-efficacy, and hope were above-average level. There were significant mean differences in hope according to religion, academic achievement, and satisfaction with nursing majors. Hope correlated positively with social support and self-efficacy. The significant predictors of hope included social support and satisfaction with the nursing major. The regression model explained 12.7% of hope. CONCLUSION: To improve hope in nursing students, nursing educators should focus on promoting their social support and satisfaction with the nursing major.
Hope* ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: The study was undertaken to assess levels of aggression, and to determine factors affecting aggression among South Korean middle school students. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted using self-report questionnaires. The participants were 340 girls and boys from two middle schools and 302 questionnaires were used for the final data analysis. Aggression, academic stress, depression, self esteem, decision-making competency, and happiness were measured. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics including t tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regressions. RESULTS: Aggression had significant correlations with academic stress (r = .21, p < .001), depression (r = .43, p < .001), self esteem (r = -.25, p < .001), decision-making competency (r = -.25, p < .001), and happiness (r = -.21, p < .001). Mean score for aggression was 2.49 out of 5. Significant explanatory variables for aggression were grade (t = 4.39, p < .001), academic stress (t = 2.78, p = .006), and depression (t = 5.03, p < .001). The explanatory power of these factors was 26.9%, and this was statistically significant (F = 16.06, p < .001). CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that depression, academic stress, and grade (second grade) influence aggression. To decrease aggressive behavior, it is necessary to provide systematic and political programs in schools and local communities that can ameliorate negative emotional factors like depression and academic stress. Additionally, development of positive factors such as self esteem, decision-making skills, and happiness in middle school students is important to reduce aggression.
Aggression/*psychology ; Decision Making ; Depression/psychology ; Female ; Happiness ; Humans ; Male ; *Psychology, Adolescent ; Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Factors ; Self Concept ; Stress, Psychological/psychology ; Students/*psychology

OBJECTIVES: This study examines recently revised Korean government legislation addressing global infectious disease control for public health emergency situations, with the aim of proposing more rational, effective and realistic interpretations and applications for improvement of law. METHODS: The Korea reported its first laboratory-confirmed case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus on May 20, 2015. Since the first indexed case, Korean public health authorities enforced many public health measures that were not authorized in the law; the scope of the current law was too limited to cover MERS. Korea has three levels of government: the central government, special self-governing provinces, and si/gun/gu. Unfortunately, the Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Act does not designate the specific roles of each level of government, and does not state how these governmental branches should be vertically integrated in a state of emergency. RESULTS: When thinking about these policy questions, we should be especially concerned about introducing a new act that deals with all matters relevant to emerging infectious diseases. The aim would be to develop a structure that specifies the roles of each level of government, and facilitates the close collaboration among them, then enacting this in law for the prevention and response of infectious disease. CONCLUSIONS: To address this problem, after analyzing the national healthcare infrastructure along with the characteristics of emerging infectious diseases, we propose the revision of the relevant law(s) in terms of governance aspects, emergency medical countermeasure aspects, and the human rights aspect.
Communicable Diseases ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging ; Cooperative Behavior ; Coronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; Delivery of Health Care ; Emergencies ; Epidemiology ; Human Rights ; Jurisprudence* ; Korea ; Public Health ; Thinking

OBJECTIVES: This study examines recently revised Korean government legislation addressing global infectious disease control for public health emergency situations, with the aim of proposing more rational, effective and realistic interpretations and applications for improvement of law.METHODS: The Korea reported its first laboratory-confirmed case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus on May 20, 2015. Since the first indexed case, Korean public health authorities enforced many public health measures that were not authorized in the law; the scope of the current law was too limited to cover MERS. Korea has three levels of government: the central government, special self-governing provinces, and si/gun/gu. Unfortunately, the Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Act does not designate the specific roles of each level of government, and does not state how these governmental branches should be vertically integrated in a state of emergency.RESULTS: When thinking about these policy questions, we should be especially concerned about introducing a new act that deals with all matters relevant to emerging infectious diseases. The aim would be to develop a structure that specifies the roles of each level of government, and facilitates the close collaboration among them, then enacting this in law for the prevention and response of infectious disease.CONCLUSIONS: To address this problem, after analyzing the national healthcare infrastructure along with the characteristics of emerging infectious diseases, we propose the revision of the relevant law(s) in terms of governance aspects, emergency medical countermeasure aspects, and the human rights aspect.
Communicable Diseases ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging ; Cooperative Behavior ; Coronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; Delivery of Health Care ; Emergencies ; Epidemiology ; Human Rights ; Jurisprudence ; Korea ; Public Health ; Thinking

PURPOSE: We explored whether the deviation angle in patients with intermittent exotropia was greater when the prism adaptation test was used rather than the prism cover test. METHODS: From January 2013 to December 2017, we performed the prism cover and adaptation tests on patients with intermittent exotropia. If the deviation angle increased by more than 5 PD after the prism adaptation test, surgery was performed. The outcomes of patients followed-up for more than 1 year after surgery were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: In total, 76 of 100 patients (76.0%) exhibited deviation angle increases of over 5 PD, the mean increase was 9.8 ± 6.3 prism diopters (PD) for near vision and 3.6 ± 3.5 PD for distance vision. Satisfactory motor alignment was achieved in 57 patients; 42 were undercorrected and 1 was overcorrected. The success rate was 62.5% in the non-responder group (n = 24, patients in whom the deviation angle did not increase after prism adaptation) and 68.9% in the full augmentation group (n = 45, in whom the deviation angle was increased). In the partial augmentation group (n = 31), where the surgical target was a 50% increase in the deviation angle, the success rate was lower than in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS The preoperative prism adaptation test can be used to determine the angle of deviation and improves the surgical outcomes of patients with intermittent exotropia.

PURPOSE: Nurses experience burnout related to various factors. For this descriptive research job stress, compassion satisfaction, and compassion fatigue were examined as to their relationship to burnout in nurses from children's hospital. METHODS: The participants were 305 nurses working in children's hospital. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure job stress, compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and burnout. RESULTS: Nurses in children's hospital experienced a greater than moderate degree of job stress, compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and burnout, whereas differences existed according to general characteristics. Job stress, compassion fatigue and burnout showed a significant positive correlation and results of compassion fatigue and burnout were similar. Also, job stress, compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue were associated with burnout in nurses working in children's hospital. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that as longer work experience is accompanied by higher job stress and burnout, it is necessary to develop intervention programs to reduce burnout among career nurses exposed to greater job stress in children's hospital.
Compassion Fatigue* ; Empathy*

PURPOSE: The study was undertaken to identify factors affecting perception of the importance and practice of patient safety management (PSM) among hospital employees in Korea. METHODS: This study was conducted using a descriptive design and a self-report questionnaire. Two hundred and eighty employees were recruited from three hospitals using a convenience sampling method. Measures were perception of the importance, practice, and characteristics of PSM. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics including t test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression. RESULTS: Factors affecting perception of the importance of PSM were whether hospital employees were in contact with patients while on duty, weekly working hours, education on PSM, and perceived adequacy of PSM system construction. Factors affecting the practice of PSM were perceived adequacy of work load, perceived adequacy of PSM system construction and perception of its importance. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate a need for developing strategies to improve perception of the importance and practice of PSM among all hospital employees, and provide a reference for future experimental studies.
Humans ; Korea ; Patient Safety ; Safety Management ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The study was undertaken to investigate effects of decision making competency, nursing professionalism and job satisfaction on turnover impulse, and identify factors contributing to turnover impulse among nurses. METHODS: The study was a descriptive study with 231 nurses from 4 general tertiary hospitals participating. Data were collected during March, 2013 using a structured self-report questionnaire. Decision making competency, nursing professionalism, and job satisfaction were measured with validated instruments, and turnover impulse was measured with one question using a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression. RESULTS: The significant predictors of turnover impulse among nurses were professionalism (beta=-0.18, p=.015) and job satisfaction (beta=-0.18, p=.009). These variables explained 12% of the variance in turnover impulse among nurses. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that nursing managers need to put efforts in improving nurses' job satisfaction and to develop plans to increase nursing professionalism in order to reduce nurses' turnover impulse.
Decision Making* ; Job Satisfaction* ; Nursing* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tertiary Care Centers

Hyperlipidemia and hypertension are among the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and they often co-exist within a single patient. Recently, many studies published results regarding the potential role of statins in decreasing blood pressure (BP) however there is still a controversy over the efficacy of statin therapy on BP. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of rosuvastatin in BP lowering properties in Korean population. Data were taken from three randomized, multiple-dose cross over studies for rosuvastatin, angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and metformin monotherapies and the combined therapy of rosuvastatin and ARB, in total of 91 healthy male normotensive subjects. Measurements of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at the baseline before treatment begins and for 24 hours after the last dose were used in the analysis. The analysis variables used were (i) the mean change in steady-state BP from the baseline, symbolized as ΔBP, and (ii) the difference in ΔBP between the ARB monotherapy and the combined therapy, symbolized as ΔBP,d. The ΔBP and ΔBP,d for SBP from each study varied in -0.1 ~ -1.3 mmHg and 1.2 ~ 1.6 mmHg, respectively, and were not significantly different from zero. The ΔBP and ΔBP,d for DBP from each study varied in -2.8 ~ -1.4 mmHg and -2.9 ~ -1.8, respectively, which were statistically significant for ΔBP (p < 0.05) but was not for ΔBP,d (p > 0.05). These results indicated that the rosuvastatin monotherapy may produce small blood pressure lowing effect in DBP.
Blood Pressure* ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cross-Over Studies ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors* ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Male ; Metformin ; Receptors, Angiotensin ; Risk Factors ; Rosuvastatin Calcium*