Objective: To evaluate factors that affect recurrence ofⅠb-Ⅱa cervical cancer after surgery or radiation therapy, and to provide evidence for prevention and personalized treatment of cervical cancer recurrence. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clini-cal and pathological data of 193 patients with stageⅠb-Ⅱa cervical cancer who were diagnosed and treated in Affiliated Cancer Hos-pital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2010 to April 2015. The patients were assigned into the following two groups: postop-erative radiotherapy recurrence group (36 cases) and non-recurrence group (157 cases). Factors related to recurrence after postopera-tive radiotherapy were analyzed. Results: The incidence rates of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and other cervical cancer types were 90.2% (174/193), 5.7% (11/193), and 4.1% (8/193), respectively. The recurrence rates of squamous cell carcinoma, adeno-carcinoma, and other cervical cancer types were 16.7% (29/174), 45.5% (5/11), and 25.0% (2/8), respectively. The difference was statis-tically significant (χ2=12.463, P<0.05). The proportion of patients with age≤40 years, adenocarcinoma, vaginal margin, vascular inva-sion, lymph node metastasis, and parametrial invasion was higher in the relapse group than in the non-relapse group; the difference was statistically significant between the two groups (P<0.05). The odds ratio (OR) values for positive vaginal margin, positive vascular invasion, and positive parametrial invasion were above 1 (P<0.05). Therefore, these three factors were independent risk factors for cer-vical cancer recurrence after radiotherapy. Conclusions: Among stage Ib-IIa cervical cancer cases, squamous cell carcinoma had the highest recurrent incidence. However, the rate of recurrence after surgery or radiation therapy was the highest for adenocarcinoma. Postoperative pathology suggests that patients with positive vaginal margins, positive vascular infiltration, and positive parametrial in-vasion have a high risk of recurrence after radiotherapy and should be followed-up carefully.