Migration ; seconds ; Proximal ; Cysts

Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is one of the most widely used family planning methods. Although considered to be generally safe, it can be associated with problems such as missing IUCD. There have been many reports of isolated missing IUCD but reports of two missing IUCDs in the same patient are very rare. We report the case of a 35-year-old lady with such an occurrence that was diagnosed incidentally on a routine kidney, ureter and bladder (KUB) radiography.
Complications ; Contraception ; Intrauterine Device Migration

Mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA) and the non-recombining region of the Y chromosome are passed down, unaltered, from generation to generation, matrilineally and patrilineally, respectively. Therefore, the Y-chromosome DNA and mtDNA are known as lineage markers, and they play important roles in studies based on human migration and evolutionary history. Y-chromosome DNA is used in forensic analysis to identify individuals involved in cases of sexual assault. In this paper, we review the methods of statistical evaluation of lineage markers used in forensic identification. We also review the combined approach of autosomal and lineage marker evidence.
DNA ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Human Migration ; Y Chromosome

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube has been used to provide long-term nutritional support for patients who are unable to maintain sufficient oral intake. Buried bumper syndrome (BBS) is an uncommon complication of PEG tube insertion that can be associated with serious complications. We report a case an 82-year-old man who presented with BBS that occurred eight months after PEG tube insertion. The migrated PEG tube was removed and fortunately, the patient's swallowing had improved to allow sufficient oral intake. Clinicians should consider BBS in any patients with PEG tube who present with difficulty with feeding or tube blockage.
Complications ; Foreign-Body Migration ; Endoscopy ; Gastrostomy

The migration and distribution pattern of spargana in mouse body was observed after experimental infection through mouth. The spargana were obtained from the snake, Natrix tigrina lateralis, caught in Hoengseong-gun, Kangwon-do. A total of 28 male mice (ICR strain), 21-25g in body weight, were fed each with 5 scolices (and necks) of spargana and killed after 10 minutes to 14 days. Systemic autopsy was performed on each mouse to recover the spargana. The results are as follows: The spargana were found to penetrate into the stomach or duodenal wall of mice as early as 10 minutes after infection. They completed the penetration within 30 minutes and appeared in abdominal cavity. It was observed that spargana did not migrate tangentially along the gut wall but directly perforated the wall. After 1 hour to 1 day the majority of spargana distributed in abdominal cavity of mice except few which migrated to muscles or subcutaneous tissues. It was within 7 days that nearly all of the spargana migrated to subcutaneous tissues. Out of total 28 in number found from subcutaneous tissues, 13 distributed around neck region, 12 around trunk and other 3 on head of mice and the most common sites were submandibular and subscapular areas. There was nearly no host tissue reaction to migrating spargana. The initial length of spargana given was 4 mm in average but it increased to 12 mm after 7 days and to 35 mm after 14 days. The results suggest that spargana orally given to mice penetrate the gut wall within 30 minutes followed by escaping into abdominal cavity, and after passing through thoracic cavity or abdominal wall they finally localize in subcutaneous tissues chiefly around neck region within 7 days.
parasitology-helminth-cestoda ; sparganosis ; sparganum ; mouse ; migration

migration of the mandibular third molar without cystic lesion is unknown. So periodical X-ray taking is essential.]]>
Mandible ; Molar ; Molar, Third ; Tooth Migration

Transmigration of an impacted tooth through the symphyseal suture is a rare and special developmental anomaly of unknown etiology that is unique to the mandibular canine. Maxillary canine transmigration is even rarer. Transmigrated canines are particularly significant due to the aesthetic and functional importance. A maxillary lateral incisor crossing the mid-palatal suture has never been reported in the literature. The aim of this report is to present the first case of simultaneous transmigration of a lateral incisor and canine in the maxilla. The paper also reports four unusual cases of unilateral canine transmigration in the maxilla and mandible and successful eruption of one of the transmigrated mandibular canines following orthodontic traction. Etiology of transmigration and its clinical considerations are also discussed.
Cuspid ; Incisor ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Sutures ; Tooth Migration ; Tooth, Impacted ; Traction

PURPOSE: To investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) on the proliferative and migratory effects of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in retinal pigment epithelial cells. METHODS: After exposure to 10 nM, 1 micrometer, or 100 micrometer TA for four days, with or without co-exposure of antioxidant N-acetylcyteine, the proliferation and nitrite production of ARPE19 cells were assessed with MTT and Griess assays, respectively. Additionally, a cell migration assay was performed. RESULTS: Cellular survival increased after exposure to TA at low concentration but decreased at high concentration. TA decreased the production of NO and cellular migration significantly, and these effects were abolished by N-acetylcysteine. CONCLUSIONS: TA showed a biphasic response on the proliferation and decreased cellular migration in ARPE19 cells, which may be mediated by nitric oxide.
Cell Migration Assays ; Nitric Oxide ; Retinaldehyde ; Triamcinolone ; Triamcinolone Acetonide

Mice were infected by feeding the embryonated eggs of Toxocara canis and Ascaris lumbricoides. Each mouse was killed daily for a week and then at several days interval after infection and the distribution of larvae in the various tissues of mice was investigated after the macerating the tissues and digesting with artificial gastric juice. It was confirmed that the migratory behaviour of larvae of T. canis and A. lumbricoides is referred to as the somatic and tracheal type of migration in the mice respectively. Toxocara larvae were found in the carcass on the third day after infection and in the brain after the sixth day of infection. From the thirty-fifth day to the seventy-sixth day after infection, Toxocara larvae were not found in the tissues of mice except in the carcass and brain and they did not develop further than the second-stage larvae. The size of Ascaris larvae, from the embryonated eggs was 0.228-0.271 mm length by 0.010-0.013 mm width and in the third day of infection the size of larvae was 0.271-0.343 mm length by 0.017-0.020 mm width. Between the fifth and tenth day after infection, lavrae molted twice in the lungs and grew to the fouth-stage larvae; 1.357-2.0 mm by 0.034-0.071 mm. These larvae migrated to the intestinal canal after the tenth day of infection and disappeared from the mouse after the twenty-fifth day of infection. No larvae were found in the carcass and brain. The inflammatory reactions in the tissues of infected mice were also observed.
: parasitology-helminth-nematode-Toxocara cani ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; mouse ; migration ; animal

The following results were obtained in the present study concerning the effectiveness of thiabendazole upon the larvae of the migrating stages. In the early observation group: The average number of larvae of the group treated with single dose and the group treated with three doses were reduced in proportion of 52.2%, 58.5 % respectively compared with control group. In the late observation group: The reduction rate in the group treated with singel dose and group treated with three doses were 59.3 % and 63.2 % respectively compared with control group. The reduction rates of larvae from liver and lungs in the early drug administration group were 72.9 % and 59.7 % respectively, and 14.9 % and 54.8 % in the delayed drug administration group. In the group of drug given before and after infection, the number of recovered larvae were reduced 42.2 % and 31.1 % respectively compared with the control group. The peak number in organs was delayed 1 to 2 days in the treated group than that of control group. The survival period of the infected mouse was prolonged by the drug administration. The pathological changes were reduced by the administration of the drug. Through above results, it was concluded that thiabendazole reduced the number of migrating larvae and delayed the normal migration of the larvae in tissues and reduced the pathological changes in the tissues.
parasitology-helminth--nematode-Ascaris lumbricoides ; chemotherapy-thiabendazole ; migration ; thiabendazole