A survey has been under way on the incidence of cerebral apoplexy among the inhabitants (pop. 105, 185, National Census, 1970) of the Saku district of Nagano Prefecture since April 1972.
This survey, which constitutes a WHO cooperative study, has been under way with cooperation rendered by the local Medical Association, Association of Public Health Nurses in Saku District and Saku Public Health Center with the Saku Central Hospital acting as the survey center.
In the period of two years till March 1974, 585 persons were registered as having been seized with cerebral apoplexy. The annual incidence rate stood at 265 per 100, 000 population. Classified by types of cerebral apoplexy, cerebral hemorrhage accounted for 26%, cerebral thrombosis for 57%, cerebral embolism for 3%, subarachnoid hemorrhage for 9%, and other types for 5%.
By sexes, the incidence rate among males was 1.3 times higher than among females. By ages, the incidence was highest in the seventies.
When the prognosis of cerebral apoplexy is viewed in terms of deaths in the early period of less than three weeks after the onset, the mortality rate stood at 45%.
The hospitalization rate of patients seized with cerebral apoplexy was 55%. There was a significant difference in the mortality rate between inpatients (with 28%) and outpatients (65%).
The ratio of concurrence of autopsy and clinical diagnosis stood at 83% with Okinaka's criteria and 79% with Ikeda's CVD index.
The incidence of hypertension before the onset of cerebral apoplexy was extremely high among the patients seized with cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction.With respect to the treatment of hypertension, the discontinuance of treatment and the failure to undergo it are high in percentage among the patients seized with cerebral hemorrhage. With reference to cerebral infarction patients of 70 years and older in age, there is little defference between the group who discontinued or failed to undergo treatment and the group who underwent it.
The recurrence of cerebral apoplexy stood at 11% for cerebral hemorrhage, 19% for cerebral infarction, and 11% for subarachnoid hemorrhage.

The purpose of this study was to examine total energy expenditure (TEE) in Japanese men under free-living conditions using various field methods, and compare these methods with the doubly labeled water method (DLW) . Ten Japanese men, aged 24.2±1.8 (mean±SD) yrs, were studied for 14 consecutive days. TEE was assessed by DLW, activity record method (AR ; using relative metabolic rate and calculated basal metabolic rate), heart rate monitoring methods (Two-line and FLEX-HR methods), and accelerometer method (AC) . Energy intake (EI) was also evaluated over the same period. Although TEE estimated by AR (2730±139 kcal⋅day^-1), Two-line (2925±433 kcal⋅day^-1), and FLEX-HR (2949±506 kcal⋅day^-1) did not differ significantly from the TEE determined by DLW (2910±524 kcal⋅day^-1), there was no significant relationship between each of these methods and DLW. In addition, El (2963±482 kcal⋅day^-1) and TEE determined by DLW were similar, and there was a significant correlation (r=0.809, P<0.01) . Compared with DLW, AC (2697±541 kcal⋅day^-1) underestimated TEE at the group level ; however, AC was the only method to show a significant correlation with DLW (r=0.871, P<0.001) . Therefore, it seems possible that AC would accurately estimate TEE at the individual level by improving both the instrument and its methodology.

Our examination was performed on 1, 541 men and 3, 803 women. Reviewed were blood pressure, obesity, anemia, fatty tissue (lipide), liver function, urine-suger and protein, urobilinogen, and their abnormalities.
(1) High blood pressure was found in 53.7 % of the men and 68.3 % of the women, with higher rates found in the middle to older age groups of both men and women.
(2) Obesity, by the Minowa method, was found to be over 20 %, with the higher rate being in women. The tendency to obesity in men was found to decrease with age. In females, abnormalities of blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, thickness of subcutaneous fatty tissue (of the upper arm and shoulder blade areas) were discovered to be greater in proportion to obesity.
(3) Abnormalities in GPT were seen as 15.3 % in men and 7.3 % in women. According to age group in men: Those in their 30's, 21 %, in the 40's, 27.2 %, 50's, 12.7%, 60's, 9.1 %.
A study on the effects of alcholic beverage consumption will be included in the 1983 survey.

Guidelines recommend that clinical laboratories perform phenotypic tests (nitrocefin-based test and penicillin 10-U [P10] or 1-U [P1] zone edge tests) to detect penicillinase in Staphylococcus aureus isolates. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of blaZ encoding penicillinase and perform various phenotypic tests in S. aureus isolates from Japan. We prospectively collected 200 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates from June 2015 to January 2016 and performed six phenotypic tests (nitrocefin-based test, P10 zone edge test/P10 diffusion test, penicillin 2-U [P2] zone edge test/P2 diffusion test, and cloverleaf test) on each sample. We confirmed the presence of blaZ (two blaZ-positive isolates) using PCR. Using blaZ PCR as a standard, we observed a low sensitivity (50%) and positive predictive value (PPV, 50%) of the nitrocefin-based test, low PPV (18.2%) of the P10 zone edge test, low sensitivity (50%) of the P10 diffusion test, low PPV (50% and 22.2%) of the P2 zone edge test and P2 diffusion test, respectively, and low sensitivity (50%) of the cloverleaf test. These data suggest a low performance (sensitivity and PPV) of these six phenotypic tests because of the low prevalence (1%) of blaZ in S. aureus isolates from Japan.
Diffusion ; Japan* ; Penicillinase* ; Penicillins ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence* ; Prospective Studies ; Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus*