AIMTo study the effects of different acute hypoxia on blood pressure, heart rate and microvessels and free radical in rabbits.

METHODSThe experiment model was carried out with acute hypoxia on two groups of rabbits, using artificial inspiration 12.5% O2 and 87.5% N2, 8.5% O2 and 91.5% N2 (equivalent to altitudes of some 4 000 m and 6 500 m) keeping hypoxia for 5, 10, 15, 20 min. During the course of it, the changes of blood pressure, heart rate and microvessels response, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) were recorded accordingly.

RESULTS(1) systolic pressure was slightly up, then down in 5 mins. Diastolic pressure was significantly down (P < 0.05) in 20 min. (2) Heart rate showed reduced and prolonged, particularly in 8.5% hypoxia group (P < 0.05). (3) Vas bores of microvessle expanded (P < 0.05) and the blood stream became slow gradually (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in following acute hypoxia time. (4) SOD was significantly down (P < 0.05), MDA was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in 20 mins.

CONCLUSIONAcute hypoxia could cause the blood pressure and heart rate to decrease, vas bore of microvessle to expand, the blood circulation to slow down and free radicals would increase.

Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Free Radicals ; metabolism ; Heart Rate ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Microvessels ; physiopathology ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and microvessel density (MVD), in nasal polyps and its significance. METHOD: The expression of VEGF, in nasal polyps from 50 patients and inferior turbinates from 10 patients were studied with immunohistochemical methods, measuring their grey score, the relations between expression microvessel density were analyzed. RESULT: (1) The differences between the VEGF expression in nasal polyp gland and vascular were significant (P < 0.05). (2) The differences between the microvessel quantities in nasal polyps and inferior turbinates were significant (P < 0.05). (3) The association between VEGF expression in vascular of nasal polyps and microvessel density was significant (r = -0.664 (< 0. 05). CONCLUSION In nasal polyps, VEGF, expression increased. Those results show that the abnormal expression of VEGF and MVD may play an impotent role in the development of nasal polyps. There was an important value for proper treatment and prediction of nasal polyps.
Humans ; Microvessels ; pathology ; Nasal Polyps ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

Pigmented extraadrenal paraganglioma is an unusual neoplasm that has rarely been reported in the literature. Based on histochemical staining or electron microscopy, pigment has been classified as lipofuscin, neuromelanin or true melanin. We report a case of pigmented extraadrenal paraganglioma in the posterior mediastinum of a 70-year-old woman. Histologically, the tumor had a characteristic organoid architecture of "zellballen" pattern with rich delicate microvasculature. Tumor cells contained numerous coarse brown-black pigment granules. Ultrastructurally, the tumor showed abundant large electron-dense pigment granules that vary in size and shape and smaller membrane-bound neurosecretory granules. The larger granules were consistent with neuromelanin or lipofuscin. Histochemically, the pigment is most likely neuromelanin, which is a waste product of catecholamine metabolism.
Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Lipofuscin ; Mediastinum ; Melanins ; Metabolism ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microvessels ; Organoids ; Paraganglioma* ; Waste Products

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in laryngeal carcinoma and its relations to clinical and pathophysiological characteristics, and determine the effect of HIF-1alpha, VEGF in the processing of angiogenesis. To offer the theoretical basis for the pathogenesis of laryngeal carcinoma and the new ideas for early diagnosis of laryngeal carcinoma. METHOD: The major was divided into two groups:60 specimens of laryngeal carcinoma and 20 specimens of normal tissues beside the carcinoma. The expression of HIF-1alpha, VEGF was detected in 60 specimens of laryngeal carcinoma tissues and 20 specimens of normal tissues beside the carcinoma as controls by immunohistochemical staining technique. Microvessel was stained by antifactor CD105 antibody to analyse microvessel density. RESULT: Positive rate of HIF-1alpha and VEGF protein expression was 71.67% (43/60) and 65.00% (39/60) respectively in laryngeal carcinoma tissues, which was significantly higher than that in normal laryngeal tissues (10.00% and 20.00%, respectively). HIF-1alpha expression was closely related to P-TNM stage, the grade of cell differentiation and lymph node status; VEGF expression was closely related to P-TNM stage and lymph node status. The coincidence rate of the expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF was 56.67% (34/60), showing a close relation between them. MVD was much higher in tumor with HIF-1alpha(+)/VEGF(+) than that in tumor with HIF-1alpha(--)/VEGF(--) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION HIF-1alpha protein and VEGF was over-expressed in laryngeal carcinoma. The positive expression of HIF-1alpha, VEGF and MVD in laryngeal carcinoma have a synergistic effect on the neovascularization of the tumor.
Female ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; blood supply ; metabolism ; Larynx ; metabolism ; Male ; Microvessels ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; etiology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the bone marrow microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and their clinical significance in patients with aplastic anemia (AA).

METHODSBone marrow biopsies in 51 newly diagnosed patients with AA were evaluated the MVD and VEGF expression by immunostaining with anti-factor VIII related antigen and VEGF monoclonal antibodies at regular time points after immunosuppressive therapy (IT).

RESULTSThe mean bone marrow MVD in AA group was 5.5 +/- 3.5, being significantly lower than that in normal control group (8.7 +/- 3.4, P < 0.05). MVDs of SAA and NSAA patients were 7.4 +/- 2.9 and 4.3 +/- 3.4, respectively, being significantly different (P < 0.01). The VEGF expression in AA group was significantly lower than that in control group [(6.7 +/- 8.4)% vs (14.7 +/- 6.1)%, P < 0.01], but there was no difference between SAA and NSAA. Bone marrow MVD and VEGF were significantly increased after IT in 22 responded AA patients.

CONCLUSIONBone marrow MVD and VEGF expression are low in AA patients which may be one of pathophysiologic mechanisms of bone marrow failure in AA. Proangiogenic and ameliorating microcirculation agents together with IT might accelerate the recovery of hematopoiesis in AA patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anemia, Aplastic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Bone Marrow ; blood supply ; metabolism ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microvessels ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes of cytoskeletal filamentous actin in primary isolated pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) from wild-type and RAGE knock-out mouse.

METHODSThe lungs of wild-type and RAGE knock-out mice were digested with collagenase type I to obtain endothelial cells purified by anti-CD31-coupled magnetic beads. The PMVEC identified by factor VIII labeling were stimulated with LPS at different concentrations and the changes of filamentous actin were observed by confocal microscopy.

RESULTSThe cultured primary cells showed typical endothelial cell phenotype as examined with factor VIII labeling. LPS stimulation caused rearrangement of the cytoskeletal filament F-actin in wild-type mouse PMVECs with stress fiber formation, but such changes were not obvious in RAGE knock-out mouse PMVECs.

CONCLUSIONMouse PMVECs of a high purity can be obtained by immune magnetic beads. RAGE is involved in LPS-induced destruction of mouse PMVEC cytoskeletons.

Actins ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoskeleton ; metabolism ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Lung ; cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Microvessels ; cytology ; Phenotype ; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products ; Receptors, Immunologic ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To confirm the expression and distribution of aquaporin 1 in laryngeal carcinoma, and analyze the correlation to micro angiogenesis in the development of laryngeal carcinoma. METHOD: The expression and distribution of aquaporin 1 were examined by immunohistochemical technique in laryngeal carcinoma. New vessels were labelled using CD105 monoclonal antibody. Systematic analysis had been done on IMVD and data of clinical pathology. RESULT: Positive AQP1 cells and IMVD in primary carcinoma were higher than that in normal laryngeal mucosa. The expression of AQP1 was gradually increased with the decrease of differentiation grade of laryngeal carcinoma. The expression of AQP1 in lymphatic metastasis groups was higher than that of controls. CONCLUSION The expression of AQP1 in tumor cells and IMVD of primary laryngeal carcinoma are higher than normal. Not only is increased expression of AQP1 positive relevant to IMVD, but to lymphatic metastasis and malignant cell grading from laryngeal carcinoma. The increased AQP1 expression in epithelial cells of carcinoma and vascular endothelial cells may play a considerable role in growing, infiltrating, metastasis of malignant tumor by promoting vascular permeability.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aquaporin 1 ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; blood supply ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; blood supply ; metabolism ; Male ; Microvessels ; Middle Aged ; Neovascularization, Pathologic

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and correlation of Aquaporin-1 (AQP1), VEGF and MVD in nasopharyngeal tumor and non-tumor tissues. METHOD: Thirty nasopharyngeal biopsy samples were collected and examined with both immunohistochemistry and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) to detect the expression level of AQP1 and VEGF in tissues. MVD were then calculated. RESULT: Both immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR showed higher expression of AQP1 and VEGF in tumor tissues than in non-tumor tissues. The two factors were positively correlated. CONCLUSION In nasopharyngeal carcinoma, AQP1 may participate in angiogenesis by VEGF. Thus it may facilitate the tumor's growing and metastasis.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aquaporin 1 ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microvessels ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To investigate microvessel density (MVD) and expressions of phosphor-STAT3 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in nasal polyps, to explore their pathogenetic correlations. METHOD: All selected cases were measured up the standard of enrollment. Thirty samples of nasal polyps were obtained from patients undergoing nasal polypectomy, and 10 samples of inferior turbinate tissues were from patients undergoing nasal septal construction. p-STAT3,VEGF and MVD in nasal polyp tissues from 30 nasal polyposis patients and 10 samples of inferior turbinate tissues were detected with immunohistochemistry (sp) method. RESULT: In nasal polyp tissues, The positive rates of p-STAT3 and VEGF expression were 60% and 70% respectively, all were significantly higher in nasal polyps than in control inferior turbinates (P < 0.01). MVD was significantly higher in nasal polyps than in control inferior turbinates (22.78 +/- 7.89 vs 7.12 +/- 2.84, P < 0.01). p-STAT3 expression was positively correlated with VEGF expression and MVD. CONCLUSION p-STAT3, VEGF and MVD were overexpressed in the tissues of nasal polyps, and p-STAT3 expression was positively correlated with VEGF expression and MVD; p-STAT3 was positively correlated with the neovascularization of nasal polyps, The inhibition of STAT3 pathway may inhibit the neovascularization, and then inhibit the formation and recurrence of the nasal polyps.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microvessels ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Polyps ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the pathological variations in internal hemorrhoid and evaluate the expression of nitric- oxide synthase(NOS),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),matrix metalloproteinase- 2(MMP2) and MMP9.

METHODSNormal anal cushion and internal hemorrhoids tissue samples were obtained from 24 patients with iii degree hemorrhoids after procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids(PPH) procedure. The expression of NOS, VEGF, MMP2, MMP9 and CD34 were detected by immunohistochemical staining; the microvessel density (MVD) was counted by anti- CD34 antibody; the elastic fibers were detected by orcein staining.

RESULTSThere were statistically significant differences in the expression of MVD, VEGF, MMP9 between internal hemorrhoid tissue and normal anal cushions(P< 0.05). iNOS was significantly increased in hemorrhoid tissue, but no significant difference between normal anal cushions and hemorrhoid tissue. Morphological abnormalities such as breaking, distortion, mortality, hyaline degeneration were found in elastic fibers of internal hemorrhoid tissue, but not in normal anal cushions.

CONCLUSIONAngiogenesis is evident in hemorrhoid tissue, suggesting the possible mechanism in the pathogenesis of hemorrhoids. The direct degeneration effect of MMP9 on supporting structure elastic fibers in anal cushion is another important mechanism. The high expression of iNOS suggests the inflammatory factors involve in the pathogenesis of hemorrhoids, and NO may be involve in pathological effect on hemorrhoids.

Adult ; Elastic Tissue ; metabolism ; pathology ; Hemorrhoids ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Microvessels ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; pathology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism