Lymphoma is one of the most common malignant tumor of the hematologic system. The genome instability is not only an important molecular basis for the development of lymphoma, but also has important value in the diagnosis and prognosis of lymphoma. There are 2 types of genome instability: Microsatellite instability (MSI/MIN) at gene level and chromosomal instability at chromosome level. Through the study on genes associated with lymphoma, the unstable genes associated with lymphoma could be found, meanwhile the mechanism of its occurrence and development of lymphoma could be explored, and the important basis of molecular biology could also be provided in the field of current hot lymphoma precision medical research.
Genomic Instability ; Humans ; Lymphoma/genetics* ; Microsatellite Instability ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Neoplasms

No abstract availble.
Humans ; Lymphoma/*genetics ; Microsatellite Repeats/*genetics ; Stomach Neoplasms/*genetics

Illumina Xten was employed for shallow sequencing of Panax ginseng(ginseng) samples, MISA for screening of SSR loci, and Primer 3 for primer design. Polymorphic primers were screened from 180 primers. From the successfully amplified polymorphic primers, 15 primers which featured clear peak shape, good polymorphism, and ease of statistics were selected and used to evaluate the genetic diversity and germplasm resources of 36 ginseng accessions with different fruit colors from Jilin province. The results showed that red-fruit ginseng population had high genetic diversity with the average number of alleles(N_a) of 1.031 and haploid genetic diversity(h) of 0.172. The neighbor-joining cluster analysis demonstrated that the germplasms of red-fruit and yellow-fruit ginseng populations were obviously intermixed, and pick-fruit ginseng germplasms clustered into a single clade. The results of STRUCTURE analysis showed high proportion of single genotype in pick-fruit ginseng germplasm and abundant genotypes in red-fruit and yellow-fruit ginseng germplasms with obvious germplasm mixing. AMOVA revealed that genetic variation occurred mainly within populations(62.00%, P<0.001), and rarely among populations(39%, P<0.001), but homogenization was obvious among different populations. In summary, pink-fruit ginseng population may contain rare genotypes, which is the basis for breeding of high-quality high-yield, and multi-resistance varieties, genetic improvement of varieties, and sustainable development and utilization of ginseng germplasm resources.
Fruit/genetics* ; Genetic Variation ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Panax/genetics* ; Plant Breeding

In order to characterize the chloroplast genome and phylogenetic relationships of Isopyrum anemonoides, we performed Illumina Hiseq high-throughput sequencing to sequence the complete chloroplast genome of this plant and constructed a whole-genome map based on contig assembly and annotation. The chloroplast genome of I. anemonoides is 161 034 bp in length and has a typical tetrad structure, comprising 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The genome also contains a total of 44 dispersed repeat sequences and 47 simple sequence repeats. Among the genome's 53 678 codons, the largest proportion are leucine-encoding codons (5 251), whereas the smallest proportion encode tryptophan (712). Colinear analysis revealed an absence of inversions and rearrangements between I. anemonoides and related species at the chloroplast genome level. Whereas phylogenetic analysis indicated that I. anemonoides did not cluster in a clade with I. manshuricum, it did show a very close phylogenetic relationship with Paraquilegia microphylla. The findings of this study provide basic data that will contribute to further species identification and phylogenetic study of the genus Isopyrum.
Codon ; Genome, Chloroplast/genetics* ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Phylogeny ; Ranunculaceae/genetics*

The present study aimed to provide the protection strategies for wild germplasm resources of original plants of Viticis Fructus and a theoretical basis for the sustainable use of Viticis Fructus. The genetic diversity and genetic structures of the 232 indivi-duals in 19 populations of Vitex rotundifolia and V. trifolia were analyzed by eight SSR markers with tools such as Popgene32, GenAlex 6.502, and STRUCTURE. Bottleneck effect was detected for the population with more than 10 individuals. The results indicated that 42 and 26 alleles were detected from the populations of V. rotundifolia and V. trifolia, respectively, with average expected heterozygo-sities of 0.448 6 and 0.583 9, which are indicative of low genetic diversity. AMOVA revealed the obvious genetic variation of V. rotundifolia and V. trifolia within population(84.43%, P<0.01; 60.37%, P<0.01). Furthermore, in eight SSR loci, six from V. rotundifolia populations and two from V. trifolia populations failed to meet Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations(P<0.05), which confirmed that the populations experienced bottleneck effect. As assessed by Mantel test, geographical distance posed slight impacts on the genetic variation between the populations of V. rotundifolia and V. trifolia. Principal component analysis(PCA) and STRUCTURE analysis demonstrated evident introgression of genes among various populations. The original plants of Viticis Fructus were confirmed low in genetic diversity and genetic differentiation level. Therefore, the protection of wild resources of original plants of Viticis Fructus should be strengthened to ensure its sustainable use.
Alleles ; Fruit/genetics* ; Genetic Variation ; Geography ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Vitex/genetics*

Polymorphism, Genetic ; Gene Frequency ; China ; Genetics, Population ; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics*

To explore the genetic diversity of Asarum sieboldii this study developed SSR markers based on transcriptome sequencing results and five populations of A.sieboldii from different regions were used as samples for genetic diversity assessment using software such as GenALEx 6.5, NTSYS 2.1, and Structure 2.3.4. The results showed that 16 SSR markers with high polymorphism and good repeatability were selected from the A.sieboldii transcriptome. Primers designed based on the flanking sequences of these markers successfully amplified 56 polymorphic fragments from 150 individual samples of the five A.sieboldii populations. On average, each primer amplified 3.5 polymorphic fragments, ranging from 2 to 8. The mean values of expected heterozygosity(H_e), Shannon's diversity index(I), Nei's gene diversity index(H), and the polymorphic information content(PIC) were 0.172, 0.281, 0.429, and 0.382, respectively. The mean population differentiation coefficient(F_(ST)) was 0.588, consistent with the analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) results, which indicated greater genetic variation among A.sieboldii populations(69%) than that within populations(31%). The percentage of polymorphic loci(PPL) ranged from highest to lowest as SNJ>LN>SY>SZ>TB. Principal coordinate analysis(PCoA) and UPGMA clustering analysis further revealed genetic clustering of A.sieboldii individuals based on their geographical distribution, consistent with the results of the structure clustering analysis. In summary, the SSR markers developed from the transcriptome effectively assessed the genetic differentiation and population structure of natural A.sieboldii populations, revealing a relatively low genetic diversity in A.sieboldii, with genetic variation primarily observed at the population level and a correlation between population differentiation and geographic distance.
Humans ; Genetic Variation ; Asarum ; Transcriptome/genetics* ; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics* ; Phylogeny

OBJECTIVETo formulate recommendations in calculation of paternity index in paternity testing under considering mutations.

METHODSDifferent formulas under considering mutations were developed according to Brenner method.

RESULTSDifferent formulas under considering mutations were obtained. Both true exclusion and false exclusion of paternity were easily distinguished using these formulas when the genetic pattern was inconsistent with paternity.

CONCLUSIONThe scientific evidence for paternity testing can be obtained using these formulas under considering mutations when both the combined probability of exclusion and the paternity index meet the threshold values. However, when either the combined probability of exclusion or the paternity index can not meet the threshold values, more genetic markers should be added.

OBJECTIVETo study the distribution frequency and characteristics of nucleotide repeat of 94 923 ESTs for developing microsatellite primers, providing a theoretical basis and technical support for appropriate conservation and application of sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua).

METHODEST-SSR detection was performed using Perl program MISA. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations were formatted for input into the GOSlim program and the output was parsed to count the occurrence of each GO category. Primer 3 software was used to design 18 pairs primers, amplified products were separated on a 6% denaturing polyacrylamide gel using silver staining.

RESULTBy searching with Active Perl, totally 2 110 SSRs were detected, accounting for 8.6%. The frequency of occurrence of dinucleotide and trinucleotide was 28% and 50.4%, respectively. The most common repeat motifs of trinucleotide were ACC/GGT, accounting for 9.8%. Three hundred and twelve SSR-ESTs were annotated using GO terms. The suitable PCR system of 15 pairs primers was established, and revealed microsatellite polymorphism in 36 individuals.

CONCLUSIONThere are a variety of motifs at EST-SSR locus in sweet wormwood, and more effective amplification and polymorphism in 18 pairs detected primers. Therefore, EST resource is an effective and feasible approach to develop SSR markers, and EST-SSRs will a powerful tool for studies of sweet wormwood genetic resources.

OBJECTIVETo provide more proofs for expounding the genetic relationships among the (varietal) species in genus Fritillaria from Sichuan province.

METHODThe ISSR marker technique was used to study relationships and genetic polymorphism of nineteen populations in ten species and one varietal species of genus Fritillaria. Genetic similarities were calculated by using NTSYS software and the dendrogram was constructed by using UPGMA method.

RESULTEleven primers were selected from 35 ISSR primers, and 179 DNA fragments were amplified from 19 populations. Of which, 179 fragments were polymorphic (percentage of polymorphic bands was 86.8%). The genetic similarity among all accessions ranged from 0.569 to 0.855. Clustering analysis showed that the 19 populations of Fritillaria could be distinctively classified into 4 groups. F. cirrhosa, F. przewalskii, F. cirrhosa var. logirnectarea and F. dajitensis were in the first group; The second group was the cluster of F. cirrhosa and F. mellea (wild and cultivated species); The third group was F. sulcisquamosa, F. thunbergii, wabunesis and F. delavayi; F. hupehensis alone formed the fourth group.

CONCLUSIONISSR marker technique is suitable for the genetic diversity of Fritillaria from Sichuan province. Interspecific identifications among the four original species of Bulhus Fritillariae Cirrhosae recorded by pharmacopoeia of China, and between them and the other species of genus Fritillaria from Sichuan province could not be gained by using ISSR markers technique. In addition, the cluster result of genus Fritillaria had some relationships with the geographical distribution.