The use of the computer in medicine has been increasing rapidly. Despite this growing use of them, however, they have yet to assume a major role in assisting the physician. The purpose of this article, using dBASE ll, is to assist an anesthesiologist by rapid search of his(her) own references in preparing educational material or do research and so on. This software was written to be an efficient alternative to the conventional manual searching and to provide the following features: 1) personnel unfamiliar with computer technology could achieve satisfactory results. 2) rapid data entry of raw data with conventional keystrokes. 3) extensive data editing and manupulation capabilities. 4) entering each data typed by user was indexed alphabetically in sequence of authors' name. 5) easy search of data through the authors name, title, keyword and identifying of them in CRT displays or printer. Using a microcomputer for data processing had several advantages over a conventional manual method.: 1) less time required to retrieve information. 2) visual presentation of data was facilitated. 3) data were more readily obtainable. But the major disadvantage of a computerized system were the initial time consumed during the input of the data.
Microcomputers*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Microcomputers*

Building a database file in the medical literature using personal computer enables individualized computer user to search with a small amount of time and effort. We developed a computer program for searching medical literature. This program was developed with Clipper database language, and runs on IBM-PC-compatible computers. The data is based on the Index of Korean Journal of Urology which was revised in 1991. The program is focused on the function of retrieving and printing of keywords, authors and titles, etc. We expect more advanced and beneficial program for searching of medical literature based on this program.
Microcomputers ; Urology*

PURPOSE: We compared the calculated percent depth dose curves of 6 MeV electron beam to that of measured to evaluate the usefulness of Monte-Carlo simulation method in radiation physics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The radiation dose values of 6 MeV electron beam using EGS4 code with one million histories in water were compared values that were measured form the depth dose curve of electron beam irradiated by medical accelerator ML6M. The central exis dose values were calculated according the changing field size, such as 5 X 5, 10 X 10, 15 X 15, 20 X 20 cm2. RESULTS: The value calculated showed a very similar shape to depth dose curve. The calculated and measured value of Dmax at 10 X 10cm2 cone is 15mm and 14mm respectively. The calculated value of the surface radiation dose rate is 65.52% and measured one is 76.94%. The surface radiation dose rate has vaied from 64.43% to 66.99. The calculated values of Dmax are in the range between 15mm and 18mm. The calculated value was fitted well with measured value around the Dmax area, excluding build up range and below the 90% depth dose area. CONCLUSION: This result suggested that the calculation of dose value can be replace the direct measurement of the dose for radiation therapy. Also, EGS4 may be a very convenient program to assess the effect of radiation dose using by personal computers.
Microcomputers ; Water

Serially sectioned images (MR, CT, and anatomical images) of the whole body are helpful in anatomy education because three dimensional images can be reconstructed with the serially sectioned images, and then the three dimensional images can be sectioned and rotated. To make the most important anatomical images of serially sectioned images, sectioned surfaces should be inputted into the personal computer after serial sectioning of the cadaver's whole body. In this study, equipments (digital camera and strobes) and techniques for inputting the sectioned surfaces into the personal computer to make anatomical images and for processing the anatomical images have been developed. By using these equipments and techniques, the anatomical images with the actual feature of the sectioned surfaces, the right alignment, and the constant brightness could be made. These anatomical images will be the basis for making good three dimensional images which are helpful in anatomy education.
Education ; Microcomputers

No abstract available.
Humans ; Microcomputers*

We have measured the saccadic velocties of nystagmoid and normal ocular movements. The ocular motions of normal subjects and of patients with nystagmus were videotaped using a 3 CCD(color) high resolution camera at 30 frames per second. 8.5-second video segments were selected for analysis. The data was processed digitally using a commercially available image analysis program in a standard 32-bit microcomputer. Measurements were replicated by two analysts. Saccadic velocities of each type of ocular movement were calculated and displayed. Measurement errors between observers and with repeated trials were less than 3%. This new technique is non-invasive, efficient and requires only a camera to obtain video data. It has less noise than conventional methods because of the utilization of video lenses providing very good spatial resolution(1 pixel, 0.33mm), so motion range is much larger than pixel size.
Humans ; Microcomputers ; Noise

No abstract available.
Humans ; Microcomputers* ; Stomach Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: We performed this study to evaluate the reliability of dynamic stereoacuity test with new personal computer program. METHODS: Twenty subjects (5 men, 15 women) were examined for dynamic stereo-threshold measured by new computer program at 94cm test distance. On fifty tested subjects, variant dynamic stereoacuity was created with the random spherical lenses from +0.5 to +3.0 diopter before the right eye. To evaluate the intraobserver reliability of the test, stereoacuity was measured five times on five separate days by the same examiner. To evaluate the interobserver reproducibility, stereoacuity was measured two times by two different examiners. RESULT: The Cronbach's alpha (internal consistency) of intraobserver was 0.99 (P<0.001). The Spearman correlation coefficient of interobserver was 0.99 (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: This method of dynamic stereoacuity measurement has a high reliability.
Humans ; Male ; Microcomputers*

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to develop an intraoperative navigation system as the first step toward image-guided surgery and robotic surgery, and to evaluate its accuracy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The navigation system was composed of an optical tracking system (Polaris, Northern Digital) and a personal computer. The registration error and target localization error of fiducial registration and surface registration were measured using a phantom. Each of the errors was measured 30 times, and the average values and the standard deviations were calculated. RESULTS: The registration error was 0.84 +/- 0.28 mm at fiducial registration and 0.81 +/- 0.21 mm at surface registration. The target localization error was 1.54 +/- 0.34 mm at fiducial registration and 1.46 +/- 0.32 mm at surface registration. CONCLUSION: We have developed an intraoperative navigation system using an optical tracker, and could assure ourselves that its accuracy is adequate for many orthopaedic surgeries. However, it still requires improvement in the accuracy and development of specific software and instruments for various operations.
Microcomputers ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted