No abstract available.
Human ; Liver/*blood supply/ultrasonography ; Liver Cirrhosis/*pathology ; Microcirculation/ultrasonography

Chronic wounds pose a clinical challenge. Such wounds may present all over the body although the majority appear on the lower extremities. In the main, wounds are caused by hypertension (venous or arterial), diabetes, although infection, trauma, and animal bites can result in non-healing wounds. It is vital to have a reliable diagnosis in order to plan treatment. Despite advances in diagnostics and the development of standard care packages, chronic wounds present a growing burden to all societies. One of the problems faced is the poor understanding of the pathophysiology of wounds; it is commonly accepted that microcirculation is impaired in lower extremity chronic wounds. This paper is focused on the significance and assessment of impaired microcirculation.
Diabetic Foot ; pathology ; Humans ; Microcirculation ; Wound Healing ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the distribution, phenotype and development of pericytes in infantile hemangioma.

METHODSFifty-two infantile hemangioma samples were included in our study. alpha-SMA was used as the marker antigen to observe the distribution of pericytes. Transmission electron microscope and TUNEL method were used to analyze the apoptosis of pericytes.

RESULTSIn the early and middle proliferating stage, there existed many pericytes in hemangioma; Pericytes together with endothelial cells generated vasculogenesis. In the late proliferating stage, many pericytes became apoptotic. In the early involuting stage, there were only a few of pericytes around the microvessels; After that, the microvessels became obstruction progressively and pericytes disappeared finally.

CONCLUSIONSThe pericyte is one of the major constitutive cells of hemangioma. The vasculogenesis, development and disappearance of microvessels undertaken by pericytes and endothelial cells lead to the pathologic evolution of infantile hemangioma.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hemangioma ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Microcirculation ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; pathology ; Pericytes ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo set up a venous congested flap model to study the mechanism of necrosis through long-term microcirculation observation.

METHODSA specially deviced chamber was assembled to one side of the ears in an adult white rabbit, about 7 approximately 10 days after the operation the congested flap model was made and the microcirculatory status of the flap was dynamically observed under a vivo-microscope for a long time.

RESULTSThe venous crisis phenomenon of flap was well studied and the microcirculation of the flap was observed carefully, finally the variational rule of the congestion flap microcirculation was made clear.

CONCLUSIONSThe model could well simulate the venous crisis flap in clinic, and the microcirculation could also be observed for a long time.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Male ; Microcirculation ; Rabbits ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; pathology ; Veins ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the changes in bulbar conjunctiva microcirculation (BCM) and the therapeutic effect of Pentoxifylline on BCM disturbance after high-voltage electrical burn (HEB) in rabbits.

METHODSForty-five rabbits were divided into control group (C), electrical burn group (EB), and Pentoxifylline treatment group (PT) according to random number table, with 15 rabbits in each group. Model of HEB was reproduced in rabbits from EB and PT groups with voltage regulator and experimental transformer. Rabbits in C group were sham injured with the same devices without electrification. Changes in BCM were observed with microcirculation microscope at 15 minutes before HEB and 5 minutes, 1, 2, 4, 8 hour(s) post HEB (PHM or PHH), including: (1) morphology of microvessels, such as the discernible, diameters of arterioles, venules, and capillaries, the unevenness in caliber, and ischemic area; (2) dynamic changes in microvascular blood flow, such as blood flow speed in arterioles, venules, and capillaries, erythrocyte aggregation, and microthrombi formation; (3) condition of tissues surrounding microvessel, such as bleeding and exudation. Measurement data were processed with t test; enumeration data were processed with Fisher's exact test.

RESULTS(1) Morphology of microvessel: discernible of microvessels in EB and PT groups was decreased, but that of PT group was better than that of EB group. At PHM 5, diameter of arterioles, venules and capillaries was respectively (7.3+/-2.5), (12.3+/-2.4), (3.5+/-0.7) microm in EB group, all narrower than those of the control group [(14.6+/-3.1), (27.2+/-3.5), (9.0+/-1.4) microm, with t value respectively 5.23, 13.66, 14.04, P values all below 0.05]. Diameters of the microvessels in PT group [(10.2+/-3.8), (21.5+/-3.1), (7.1+/-1.2) microm] were larger than those in EB group (with t value respectively 2.21, 8.99, 10.18, P values all below 0.05). Diameters of arterioles, venules and capillaries in EB and PT groups recovered to the before HEB size at PHH 1. From PHH 2 to 8, arterioles and capillaries decreased gradually in caliber, venules dilated gradually in EB and PT groups, but the changes in PT group were not obvious. Thickness of microvessel was observed uneven in EB group at PHM 5, which lasted until PHH 8. Ischemia of the tissue was observed in EB group at PHM 5, which improved at PHH 2. Situation in PT group was better. (2) Dynamic changes in microvascular blood flow: at PHM 5, blood flow speed in arterioles, venules and capillaries was respectively (202+/-53), (198+/-44), (46+/-12) microm/s in EB group, all slower than those of the control group [(544+/-37), (359+/-32), (220+/-19) microm/s, with t value respectively 20.47, 11.51, 30.02, P values all below 0.05], and those of PT group [(335+/-42), (260+/-35), (119+/-23) microm/s] were faster than those of EB group (with t value respectively 7.55, 4.26, 14.85, P values all below 0.05). Blood flow speed in EB and PT groups recovered to the before HEB level at PHH 1. From PHH 2 to 8, blood flow speed decreased gradually in EB and PT groups, but that of PT group was faster than that of EB group. Erythrocyte aggregation in venules and capillaries was observed in EB group at PHM 5, which eased up at PHH 1, but aggregated at PHH 2, lasting until PHH 8. Obvious microthrombi were observed in EB group at PHH 2, which increased gradually. These changes were less obvious in PT group. (3) Condition of surrounding tissues of microvessel: in EB group, exudation was observed around microvessels at PHH 1, bleeding at PHH 2, with a worsening tendency. Changes in those in PT group were less obvious.

CONCLUSIONSHEB causes disturbance in BCM, but it can be ameliorated by Pentoxifylline.

Animals ; Burns, Electric ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Conjunctiva ; blood supply ; Microcirculation ; Microvessels ; pathology ; Pentoxifylline ; therapeutic use ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo observe the changes in surface microcirculation of pancreas after high-voltage electric burn (HEB).

METHODSThirty rabbits were divided into electrical injury (E) group and control (C) group in a simple random method, with 15 rabbits in each group. Rabbit model of HEB was reproduced from E group with TC-30-20KVA type voltage regulator and YDJ-10KVA type experimental transformer. Rabbits in C group were shamly burned with the same equipment as in E group but not electrified. Intravenous blood of rabbits in both groups was drawn 15 mins before HEB and 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 h after to determine the levels of serum amylase and blood glucose. The morphology of the pancreas microvessels and its surrounding tissues, and the dynamic changes in microvascular blood flow were observed with WX-9 microscope and its image analytical system.

RESULTSThe level of serum amylase of rabbits in E group increased gradually and peaked (849 +/- 39) U/L at 8 post HEB h (PHH), which decreased gradually reaching the nadir (153 +/- 21) U/L at 8 PHH in C group (P < 0.05). The blood glucose levels of rabbits in E group and C group increased gradually, with the former level obviously higher than the latter (P < 0.05). Arteriole, venule and capillary network on the surface of pancreatic lobules of rabbits in both groups were clearly seen and well-distributed in the natural way before HEB. In E group, arterioles of rabbits contracted at 0 PHH, and increased gradually in caliber size at 1 PHH; venules of rabbits were unevenly thickened at 2 PHH, and dilated at 8 PHH; the capillaries were contracted or with interrupted flow or completely obstructed at 0 PHH, and their thickness were uneven at 2 PHH, showing exudation at 8 PHH. There was no obvious change of microvessels in rabbits in C group at each time point. There was no exudation and bleeding around the microvessels on the pancreas surface of rabbits in both groups before HEB. In E group exudation was observed around microvessels at 1 PHH, bleeding was observed at 2 PHH and became obvious at 4 PHH; exudation and diffuse bleeding from capillaries were observed at 8 PHH. There was no exudation and bleeding in rabbits in C group as observed at each time point. Before HEB, blood flow speed in microvessels of rabbits in 2 groups was similar to each other (P > 0.05), and no erythrocyte aggregation or microthrombus was found in both groups. In E group, blood flow speed slowed down at 0 PHH as compared with that before HEB, it accelerated at 1 h and slowed down later; erythrocyte aggregation in venules and capillaries was found at 0 PHH, and it aggregated gradually. No above-mentioned change was found in C group.

CONCLUSIONSHEB produces microcirculation disturbance and functional disturbance of pancreas.

Animals ; Burns, Electric ; blood ; pathology ; Female ; Male ; Microcirculation ; Pancreas ; blood supply ; pathology ; Rabbits

To investigate the state and significance of bone marrow angiogenesis in hematological diseases, bone marrow microvascular density (BM-MVD) in plastic-embedded section was examined using acetone-fixed bone marrow tissues embedded in glycol-methacrylate (GMA) resin and by the method of immunohistochemistry. The results showed that bone marrow MVD increased greatly in newly diagnosed hematological malignancies before treatment. BM-MVD in patients with acute leukemia decreased down to the normal range as the controls at the time of complete remission. In the non-remission group, BM-MVD decreased less, but when relapsed it increased again up to the same range as the newly diagnosed hematological malignancies, significant increase of BM-MVD was found in patients with anemia, but in less degree than that in hematological malignancies. It is concluded that bone marrow angiogenesis plays a key role in the pathogenesis and development of hematological malignancy. Antiangiogenic therapy may be able to constitute a novel strategy for the treatment of hematological malignancies including leukemia.
Acute Disease ; Bone Marrow ; blood supply ; pathology ; Hematologic Diseases ; blood ; pathology ; Humans ; Leukemia ; blood ; pathology ; Microcirculation ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; blood ; pathology

BACKGROUNDIn the case of hypertension, lesions in the microvessels of the target organs precede and deteriorate further after arteriosclerosis in the small arteries. Thus coronary microvascular lesion (CML) was considered the crucial factor contributing to damage to the target organs. The purpose of this study is to observe the characteristics and differences of CML in autopsies of elderly patients with essential hypertension (EHT), coronary heart disease (CHD), or EHT with CHD, given the same degree of left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT).

METHODSA retrospective study was performed on 246 cases of patients over 60 years old with EHT, CHD, or EHT with CHD, and on 26 cases without cardiovascular disease as controls, out of a total of 3195 consecutive autopsied cases. The arterioles (with diameter 10 - 60 microm) and the capillaries in the cardiac muscle layer were examined by haematoxylin and eosin staining, elastic van Gieson staining, and CD31 immunohistochemistry. To quantify CML severity, measurements were taken of arteriole density (AD), the ratio of wall-to-lumen area of arteriole (RWL), and capillary density (CD), using light microscopy and computer image analysis. Based on LVWT, the cases were divided into four degrees, from I to IV. The EHT, CHD, and EHT with CHD groups all rated LVWT I-IV, and the control group rated LVWT I. SAS software was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTSWith the aggravation of LVWT, both AD and RWL increased while CD decreased significantly in the EHT group (P < 0.05 - 0.0001); there were similar but more severe changes in the EHT with CHD group (P < 0.001 - 0.0001); and AD increased (P < 0.001) while RWL and CD did not change significantly in the CHD group.

CONCLUSIONComparing EHT with CHD patients, there are similar patterns of change to AD, but different patterns of change to RWL and CD. CML is much more severe in EHT patients with CHD. We conclude that CML is one of the main causes of decreased coronary flow reserve and myocardial damage in both EHT patients and EHT patients with CHD.

Aged ; Autopsy ; Coronary Disease ; pathology ; Coronary Vessels ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; pathology ; Male ; Microcirculation ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Animals ; Chronic Disease ; Endothelium, Vascular/*ultrasonography ; Human ; Liver/*blood supply ; Liver Diseases/*pathology ; Microcirculation/ultrasonography ; Rats

Microcirculation of liver cancer is the micro-vascular system which comes from the tissue of liver cancer. It can offer the nutritional requirement for accelerating the cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. The intrinsic mechanism of angiogenesis is the key link in the formation of liver cancer microcirculation system. Liver regeneration microenvironment also plays an important role in the construction of liver cancer microcirculation, through the improvement of liver regeneration microenvironment affecting tumor microcirculation is the new strategy of prevention and treatment of liver cancer. In recent years, it is found that many kinds of Chinese medicine can inhibit angiogenesis, decrease the microvessel density, and delay or prevent the development of liver cancer.
Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; therapy ; Liver Regeneration ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Microcirculation ; Tumor Microenvironment