Black yeasts are a group of polymorphic yeast like fungi which produce melanin.They always grow slowly and have high stress resistance ability.The taxonomy,ecology,stress resistance,pathogenicity,and melanin of black yeasts are reviewed in this paper.Hortaea werneckii is an interesting novel model organism for studies on salt stress-responsive proteins as well as on sterol biosynthesis in eukaryotes.Aureobasidium pullulans is also like a model organism for studies on the regulation of polymorphic cell development.

Based on the data of the ISI "Journal Citation Report" in 2006 edition,a statistics for the 88 mi-crobiology science journals has been made. The results showed that these 88 learned journals were published in 16 countries with 3 languages,especially English. And the main countries were United States,England,Netherlands and Japan. The average data of articles and total cites of the 88 journals were 165 and 5226.64,respectively. Moreover,the average data of impact factor and immediacy factor were 3.154,0.45 and 5.84,respectively. Finally,fifty-five learned journals with impact factor over 2.0 were introduced from these jour-nals to be referenced.

The growth predominance and culturing potential of transgenic Synechococcus sp.PCC 7002 with mouse metallothionein-Igene are characterized and expatiated by room temperature absorption spectra,photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate,growth kinetic parameters.The results show that the spectral absorption,maximum net photosynthetic rate and saturated light intensity of transgenic Synechococcus sp.PCC 7002 are higher than wild strain,whereas its the respiration rate and compensating light intensity are lower than wild strain.The transgenic cells exhibit a higher growth rate,and the maximum cell concentration is 1.74 times higher than wild ones when cultured in shaking flask.The air lift photobioreactor is suitable for bringing its growth potential into play.

The research had screened out an Antarctic marine bacterium BSw10005,which metabolite can prominently inhibit epiphytes contributing to plant pathogens.Bacterium BSw10005 had been cultured with NaCl solution instead of seawater.Using 5L bioreactor,the growth characteristic of BSw10005 have been researched particularly through changing cultivated conditions such as temperature、supply of oxygen and pH,which provide significant information specifically how influenced the growth of bacterium if we change the cultivated conditions.White solid antifungal substances isolated from cultivated marine broth was attained.

Using waste liquor of producing monosodium glutamate, molasses and proper nutrient as medium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2016 was separately cultured in flask, 2.6 liter and 30 liter fermenters. Average yield of dry biomass and Zinc content of the yeast cells were about 14g/L and 4500 ppm respectively. The Contents of protein, ash and water of the product were in accordance with the official regulations. COD was decreased the number to 63%.

Biological antagonism was found to be only one aspeet When we Study the interactions among the microbial populations in and on the human beings. We examined the following strains of the resident flora isolated from the human healthy skin, including propionibacterium acnes (A14-1), Staphylococcus epidermidis (F65), and a number of the common dermal pathogenic micro-organisms such as staphylococcus aurcns. Ps. acruginosa snd E. coli, for their antagonistic interactions in vitro. The following results were obtained, they revealed obvious antagonism After 48h of contact in vitro antagonistic interaction to appear, and after 72h antagonism displayed obviously. On the other hand, P. acnes (A14-1) and S. epidermidis (F65) showed no antagonisim, they behaved commesaly, such commensality seemed to be important for the autoperification of the human normal skin surfaces resulting in dermal microeubiosis of the human beings.We examined the members of the transient microbial flora of the healthy human skin Lactobacterium (ad3), Bifidobacterium (Bf1) and some common pathogenic bacteria in antagonistic experiments in vitro, and discovered that they showed micropopulations appeared to be of great value to the maintenance of good health to their host.

Alpha-toxin gene was amplified from chromosomal DNA of Clostridium perfringens type C by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). PCR product was inserted into vector pGEM-T directively. The cloned recombinant plasmid pXCPA1 possesses positive nucleotide sequence of alpha-toxin. A 1.2 kb alpha-toxin gene fragment was cleaved with restriction endonucleases NcoI/EcoRI from plasmid pXCPA1, and then inserted into an expression vector pET-28c which cleaved with NcoI/EcoRI by blunt-end ligation. The recombinant expression plasmid pETXA1 was studied in detail by restriction endonucleases analysis and nucleotide sequencing. The results showed that the recombinant expression pETXA1 possessed a positive alpha-toxin gene sequence and reading frame. BL21(DE3) (pETXA1) could produce alpha-toxin and the expressed products were recognized by alpha-toxin monoclonal antibodies, and the expression level of the alpha-toxin proteins were about 16.28% of total cellular protein by SDS-PAGE and thin-layer gel scanning analysis.

Close relationship exists between normal bacteria flora in intestinal tract of human body with health. Health and outside enviroment conditions must maintain relative equilibrium to keep body healthy.Certain factors might destroy such equilibrium resulting the occurrence of some diseases. Following are general discussion of normal bacteria flora,their relationship with health and how to adjust dysbacteria into normal.