Lipid Metabolism ; MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules, about 22 nucleotides in length, and highly conserved in evolution. They participate in a variety of important biological processes, including the development, differentiation, and apoptosis of eukaryotes. Recent studies have discovered that miRNAs play important roles in the development of primordial germ cells, spermatogenesis, and the process of fertilization.
Animals ; Male ; Mice ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Spermatozoa ; metabolism

The microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs regulating protein translation via mRNAs silencing. Studies have shown that microRNAs play critical roles in allergic diseases, tumors, and infections. The allergic airway diseases are characterized by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the respiratory tract. Several miRNAs are found to be involved in a series of pathophysiologic processes in allergic airway diseases including inflammatory cells infiltration, cytokines' expressions, airway hyperresponsiveness, and proliferation and change in phenotype of smooth muscle cells. Therefore, miRNAs may be new therapeutic targets for these allgeric diseases. This article reviews the roles of miRNAs in asthma and allergic rhinitis and their molecular biological mechanisms.
Asthma ; physiopathology ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Rhinitis ; physiopathology

Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; genetics

MicroRNA are a group of non-coding RNA which, through regulating expression of proteins at post-transcription level, plays an important role in modulating growth and development of nervous system, cell differentiation and functions. Altered expression of microRNA in the brain may influence development and advance of Alzheimer's disease from multiple perspectives. Research on microRNA will facilitate in depth understanding of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Alzheimer Disease ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism

MicroRNAs are a kind of small non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules that negatively regulate the gene expression by binding to imperfect complementary sites in the 3' untranslated region of targeted mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level. Aberrant expressions of some miRNAs like miR-221/222, miR-146a and miR-125b have been found to be significantly associated with androgen-independent progression of prostate cancer. By analyzing the aberrant expressions and regulation mechanisms of miRNAs in cell lines, tissues and peripheral blood samples, we hope to provide a new theoretic base for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of androgen-independent prostate cancer.
Androgens ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism

Cell Line ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo highlight the current understanding of mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL).

DATA SOURCESWe collected the relevant articles in PubMed (from 1985 to present), using the terms "mixed phenotype acute leukemia", "hybrid acute leukemia", "biphenotypic acute leukemia", and "mixed lineage leukemia". We also collected the relevant studies in WanFang Data base (from 2000 to present), using the terms "mixed phenotype acute leukemia" and "hybrid acute leukemia".

STUDY SELECTIONWe included all relevant studies concerning mixed phenotype acute leukemia in English and Chinese version, with no limitation of research design. The duplicated articles are excluded.

RESULTSMPAL is a rare subgroup of acute leukemia which expresses the myeloid and lymphoid markers simultaneously. The clinical manifestations of MPAL are similar to other acute leukemias. The World Health Organization classification and the European Group for Immunological classification of Leukaemias 1998 criteria are most widely used. MPAL does not have a standard therapy regimen. Its treatment depends mostly on the patient's unique immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features, and also the experience of individual physician. The lack of effective treatment contributes to an undesirable prognosis.

CONCLUSIONOur understanding about MPAL is still limited. The diagnostic criteria have not been unified. The treatment of MPAL remains to be investigated. The prognostic factor is largely unclear yet. A better diagnostic criteria and targeted therapeutics will improve the therapy effect and a subsequently better prognosis.

To explore the effects of miR-101-3p on IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury and its underlying mechanisms.
 Methods: Chondrocytes were divided into 4 groups: a control group (NC group), a IL-1β group, a negative control group (IL-1β+miR-NC group), and a miR-101-3p group (IL-1β+miR-101-3p group), which were treated with IL-1β after transfecting with miR-101-3p mimic or negative mimic. The expressions of miR-101-3p-5p and stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) at different concentrations of IL-1β (1, 5, 10 ng/mL)-induced chondrocytes were detected by Western blotting and real-time PCR. MTT assay was used to detect cell proliferation rate, while caspases assay kits and flow cytometry were used to measure the cell caspase and apoptosis level. Western blotting assay was used to detect the expression levels of pro-inflammatory and ECM-related protein, such as matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and collagen Type II. In addition, 3'-untranslated regions (UTR) of wild-type STC1 (STC1-3'-UTR-WT) or 3'-UTR of mutant STC1 (STC1-3'-UTR-MUT) were co-transfected with miR-101-3p mimic or miR-NC, respectively, while luciferase reporter assay was used to examine the regulative role of miR-101-3p in STC1. In order to detect whether STC1 was involved in the effect of miR-101-3p on chondrocytes, miR-NC (miR-NC group), miR-101-3p (miR-101-3p group), anti-NC (anti-NC group) and anti-miR-101-3p (anti-miR-101-3p group) were respectively transfected into the cells, and the expression of STC1 protein was detected by Western blotting. Subsequently, the cells were randomly divided into a miR-101-3P group (IL-1β+miR-101-3p group), an over-expression control group (IL-1β+miR-101-3p+ad-GFP group), and an over-expression STC1 group (IL-1β+miR-101-3p+ad-STC1 group) to investigate whether STC1 was involved in the role of miR-101-3p in chondrocyte. Similarly, MTT assay was used to detect cell proliferation rate, caspases assay kits and flow cytometry were used to measure the cell caspase and apoptosis level. Western blotting assay was used to detect the expression levels of pro-inflammatory and ECM-related protein MMP9 and collagen Type II.
 Results: Compared with the 0 ng/mL IL-1β, the expression of miR-101-3p was decreased in chondrocyte at different concentration of IL-1β (1, 5, 10 ng/mL) (all P<0.05), while the level of STC1 was increased (P<0.05). Compared with the NC group, the chondrocyte proliferation rate was down-regulated (P<0.05), while the apoptosis rate, the levels of caspases, IL-6 and TNF-α were increased in the IL-1β group (P<0.05). Moreover, the MMP9 levels were increased obviously, and the protein levels of collagen Type II were decreased in the IL-1β group compared with the NC group (both P<0.05). Compared with the IL-1β+miR-NC group, the proliferation rate was increased (P<0.05), whereas the apoptosis rates, the caspase-3/9 levels, the IL-6 and TNF-α levels were increased in the IL-1β+miR-101-3p group (all P<0.05). Then MMP9 levels were decreased obviously (P<0.05), and the protein levels of collagen Type II were increased in IL-1β+miR-101-3p group compared with the IL-1β+miR-NC group (both P<0.05). In addition, the double luciferase assay showed that the STC1 levels could be inhibited in the miR-101-3p group compared with the miR-NC group (P<0.05). STC1 levels were decreased in the miR-101-3p group compared with the miR-NC group (P<0.05), and the STC1 levels were increased in the anti-miR-101-3p group compared with those in the anti-NC group (P<0.05). The results of miR-101-3p+ad-STC1 group showed that compared with the miR-101-3p+ad-GFP group, the STC1 could reverse the effects of miR-101-3p on IL-1β-induced proliferation, apoptosis, inflammatory responses and ECM protein of chondrocytes.
 Conclusion: The regulation of miR-101-3p/STC1 signal pathway may have a role in reducing the IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury.
Cell Proliferation ; Chondrocytes ; Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; MicroRNAs

The growth and development of skeletal muscle is an important factor affecting pork production and quality, which is elaborately regulated by many genetic and nutritional factors. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a non-coding RNA with a length of about 22 nt, which binds to the 3'UTR sequence of the mRNA of the target genes, and consequently regulates its post-transcriptional expression level. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that miRNAs are involved in various life processes such as growth and development, reproduction, and diseases. The role of miRNAs in the regulation of porcine skeletal muscle development was reviewed, with the hope to provide a reference for the genetic improvement of pigs.
Swine ; Animals ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism* ; Muscle Development/genetics*