Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; genetics

MicroRNA are a group of non-coding RNA which, through regulating expression of proteins at post-transcription level, plays an important role in modulating growth and development of nervous system, cell differentiation and functions. Altered expression of microRNA in the brain may influence development and advance of Alzheimer's disease from multiple perspectives. Research on microRNA will facilitate in depth understanding of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Alzheimer Disease ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism

The growth and development of skeletal muscle is an important factor affecting pork production and quality, which is elaborately regulated by many genetic and nutritional factors. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a non-coding RNA with a length of about 22 nt, which binds to the 3'UTR sequence of the mRNA of the target genes, and consequently regulates its post-transcriptional expression level. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that miRNAs are involved in various life processes such as growth and development, reproduction, and diseases. The role of miRNAs in the regulation of porcine skeletal muscle development was reviewed, with the hope to provide a reference for the genetic improvement of pigs.
Swine ; Animals ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism* ; Muscle Development/genetics*

microRNAs are one kind of endogenous no-encoding RNA with about 22 nucleotides in length, and inhibited the translation of mRNAs by partially complementary binding to the 3' UTR of target mRNAs in the post-transcriptional level. Recent research shows that miRNAs function in the physiological and pathological processes of heart, especially involved in the occurrence and progress of arrhythmias. Abnormal miRNAs alters the protein expression of ion channels, causes the cardiac dysfunction, and triggers heart arrhythmias. The article summarized recent advances about roles of miRNA in arrhythmias and related cardiomyopathy, and discussed the therapeutic potential of miRNAs for heart diseases.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cardiomyopathies ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism

Since Epstein Barr virus was shown to encode microRNAs(miRNAs) in 2004, more than 470 miRNAs have been discovered in α-, β-, and γ-herpesviruses. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules and generally only have 18-25 nucleotides in length, which can regulate the expression of target genes by targeting its transcripts. Herpesvirus-encoded miRNAs not only target the key genes from latency to lytic replication, but also regulate various host cellular genes. Current data manifest that herpesvirus-encoded miRNAs can regulate viral latent infection and lytic replication, immune recognition, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the targets and their fuction of hepesvirus-encoded miRNAs, in order to provide theoretical support for further analysis herpesviral pathogenesis.
Animals ; Herpesviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Herpesviridae Infections ; virology ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; metabolism

microRNA (miRNA) are small non-coding RNA molecules of 19 - 25 nucleotides in a variety of eukaryotic systems, that control gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by degrading or translational repressing target messenger RNA (mRNA). Many studies have addressed the role of miRNA in normal hematopoiesis, giving an interpretative key to the aberrant expression observed in human hematological diseases. Here, the advances of main studies on the role of miRNA in normal hematopoiesis, and identify the association of miRNA with the development, progression of myeloproliferative diseases, including miRNA and lymphopoiesis, miRNA and erythropoiesis, miRNA and megakaryopoiesis, miRNA and myelopoiesis, miRNA and myeloproliferative neoplasm with positive BCR-ABL-chronic myeloid leukemia, miRNA and myeloproliferative neoplasm with negative PCR-ABL (PV.IME, ET), and so on are reviewed.
Gene Expression Regulation ; Hematopoiesis ; genetics ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics

Diabetes mellitus has become one of the most common chronic diseases, thereby posing a major challenge to global health. Characterized by high levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia), diabetes usually results from a loss of insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas, leading to a deficiency of insulin (type 1 diabetes), or loss of insulin sensitivity (type 2 diabetes). Both types of diabetes have serious secondary complications, such as microvascular abnormalities, cardiovascular dysfunction, and kidney failure. Various complex factors, such as genetic and environmental factors, are associated with the pathophysiology of diabetes. Over the past two decades, the role of small, single-stranded noncoding microRNAs in various metabolic disorders, especially diabetes mellitus and its complications, has gained widespread attention in the scientific community. Discovered first as an endogenous regulator of development in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, these small RNAs post-transcriptionally suppress mRNA target expression. In this review, we discuss the potential roles of different microRNAs in diabetes and diabetes-related complications.
Animals ; Diabetes Complications ; genetics ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus ; genetics ; metabolism ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Homeostasis ; genetics ; Humans ; Insulin ; metabolism ; MicroRNAs ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; metabolism

Gastrectomy ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; analysis ; Statistics as Topic ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism

Gastric cancer is caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. MicroRNA (miRNA) is involved in many cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis and plays an important role in pathogenesis of gastric cancer, as demonstrated in many recent studies from perspectives including miRNA profiling, reciprocal modulation between epigenetic and miRNA, and Helicobacter pylori infection. MiRNA is highly stabe in blood, and therefore non-invasive diagnosis of gastric cancer using circulating miRNA may be promising.
Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics