1.Roles of microRNAs in epilepsy.
Jing GAN ; Qian-Yun CAI ; De-Zhi MU
Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 2015;17(2):201-206
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs that function as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression by controlling the translation of messenger RNAs. Epilepsy is a chronic and debilitating brain disorder and occurs frequently in childhood. The brain expresses several unique miRNAs which are associated with epileptogenesis. As a new layer of gene expression in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, miRNAs have shed a new light on the potential to transform an understanding of the underlying mechanisms promising novel therapeutic targets and effective antiepileptogenic medications. This article reviews the roles and mechanisms of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of seizure-damage and pathophysiology of epileptogenesis.
Epilepsy
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etiology
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Humans
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MicroRNAs
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physiology
2.miRNA deregulation in multiple myeloma.
Chinese Medical Journal 2011;124(19):3164-3169
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy and is the second most common hematological cancer. It is characterized by complex, recurrent genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. Recent publications have linked miRNAs, a novel class of gene regulators to cancer including MM. miRNAs are about 20 nucleotide, single strand, non-coding RNAs that repress gene expression by mRNA degradation or translational repression. Aberrant miRNA expression profiles have been described in MM, and their functional roles in MM pathogenesis are being increasingly recognized. This review summarizes the current literature on the role of miRNAs in MM and offers perspectives on future research and utilization of miRNAs in MM management.
Humans
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MicroRNAs
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physiology
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Multiple Myeloma
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genetics
3.Function of microRNAs in development of immune system and in regulation of immune response.
Qing-yun CHEN ; Qing-qing WANG
Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences 2010;39(3):326-332
microRNAs function as effective molecules in regulation of many biological functions of organisms; in most case they regulate gene expression moderately. Emerging evidence suggests that microRNAs play a key role in the regulation of immunological functions including innate and adaptive immune responses. The research on microRNAs would be helpful in elucidation of the mechanisms of human immune system and in development of potential therapies based on microRNAs.
Gene Expression Regulation
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Humans
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Immune System
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physiology
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MicroRNAs
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genetics
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physiology
4.Role of microRNAs in endothelial function.
Xian-bing CHEN ; Si-dao ZHENG ; Hong-jin WU
Chinese Medical Journal 2013;126(9):1779-1786
5.Research advances on role of microRNAs in congenital heart diseases.
Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 2014;16(10):1070-1074
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs, which mainly regulate gene expression through post-transcriptional process. They are highly conserved, tissue-specific and highly specific in miRNA-binding on 3'-untranslated regions. MicroRNAs have been identified as crucial regulators in myocardial cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, migration of cardiac neural crest cells, cardiac morphogenesis and cardiac patterning processes, which may provide a new insight into the research on developmental mechanism of congenital heart diseases. The research on miRNAs in congenital heart diseases includes clinical research and animal experiments. This article reviews two types of research advances, the mechanism of congenital heart diseases, and the current status and limitation of the domestic reports.
Animals
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Heart Defects, Congenital
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etiology
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Humans
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MicroRNAs
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physiology
6.Progress in research on genetic variations in miRNA regulatory pathway.
Zhen GUO ; Honghao ZHOU ; Wei ZHANG
Chinese Journal of Medical Genetics 2015;32(1):109-112
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of highly conserved small noncoding RNAs which can regulate gene expression by post-transcriptional degradation or translational repression. miRNAs are involved in the regulation of cell apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation and other physiological processes, and are closely related with development of cancer. More recently, it has been proposed that the presence of genetic variations in microRNA genes, their biogenesis pathway and target binding sites can affect the miRNA processing machinery and targeting, therefore have a significant genetic effect. Since polymorphisms in a miRNA regulatory pathway can result in the loss or gain of a miRNA function and can affect the expression of hundreds of genes, more and more evidence suggested a strong association of miRNA polymorphisms with disease progression, diagnosis and prognosis. Whether in the pathogenesis research of complex diseases or finding biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, polymorphisms in the miRNA regulatory pathway have an extremely important value for research.
Animals
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Gene Expression Regulation
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Genetic Variation
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Humans
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MicroRNAs
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genetics
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physiology
7.Integrated analysis of microRNA and mRNA expressions in peripheral blood leukocytes of Warmblood horses before and after exercise
Hang Ah KIM ; Myung Chul KIM ; Na Yon KIM ; Doug Young RYU ; Hong Seok LEE ; Yongbaek KIM
Journal of Veterinary Science 2018;19(1):99-106
Exercise capacity is a valuable trait in horses, and it has been used as a horse selection criterion. Although exercise affects molecular homeostasis and adaptation in horses, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not fully described. This study was carried out to identify changes in the blood profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs induced by exercise in horse leukocytes. Total RNAs isolated from the peripheral blood leukocytes of four Warmblood horses before and after exercise were subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) and microarray analyses to determine the miRNA and mRNA expression profiles, respectively. The expressions of 6 miRNAs, including 4 known and 2 novel miRNAs, were altered by exercise. The predicted target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs identified by NGS were matched to the exercise-induced mRNAs determined by microarray analysis. Five genes (LOC100050849, LOC100054517, KHDRBS3, LOC100053996, and LOC100062720) from the microarray analysis were matched to the predicted target genes of the 6 miRNAs. The subset of mRNAs and miRNAs affected by exercise in peripheral blood leukocytes may be useful in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of exercise-associated physiology in horses.
Homeostasis
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Horses
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Leukocytes
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Microarray Analysis
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MicroRNAs
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Physiology
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RNA
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RNA, Messenger
8.Roles of microRNAs in hematopoietic cell differentiation and the related tumors.
Gui-hua YANG ; Fang WANG ; Jun-wu ZHANG
Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae 2007;29(3):425-429
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of 21-25 nucleotide small nonprotein-coding RNAs. They regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level by mRNA degradation or translation repression. Hematopoiesis is one of the most important highly regulated multistage process, which includes orderly turn-on and turn-off of many genes; any wrong modulation may result in blood diseases. Several miRNAs have been found to be involved in hematopoiesis and hematopoietic tumor genesis.
Blood Cells
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physiology
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Cell Differentiation
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Hematologic Neoplasms
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pathology
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Hematopoiesis
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physiology
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Humans
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MicroRNAs
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physiology
9.MicroRNAs in microglia polarization and CNS diseases: mechanism and functions.
Xue FANG ; Wei-Xing TAN ; Cheng HE ; Li CAO
Acta Physiologica Sinica 2015;67(1):32-40
Microglia are resident macrophages of central nervous system (CNS), and thus act as the crucial stuff of immune response and play very important roles in the progress of various CNS diseases. There are two different polarization statuses of activated microglia, M1 and M2 phenotypes. M1 polarized microglia are important for eradicating bacterial and promoting inflammation, whereas M2 cells are characterized by anti-inflammation and tissue remodeling. Recently, more and more evidence indicated that different polarized microglia showed diverse microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles. MiRNAs regulate microglia polarization, and thus affect the progress of CNS diseases. Fully exploring the polarization status of microglia during CNS diseases and the role of miRNAs in microglia polarization will be very helpful for a deep understanding of the roles of microglia in immunopathologic mechanism of different CNS diseases and offer the theoretical foundation of searching more effective therapies for these disorders.
Central Nervous System Diseases
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physiopathology
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Humans
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Inflammation
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Macrophages
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physiology
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MicroRNAs
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physiology
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Microglia
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physiology
10.Research and advancement of RNA.
Xiao-han XIAN ; Jin-song HU ; Zhang-min YANG ; Yi-li WANG ; Lü-sheng SI
Chinese Journal of Pathology 2003;32(3):276-278