The effects of four Kampo medicines, Ninjin-to, Hange-shashin-to, Rikkunshi-to and Sho-hange-ka-bukuryo-to, were investigated in a rat model of postoperative ileus. The postoperative ileus model was made by incising the abdomen and exposing the small intestine and caecum for five minutes under ether anesthesia. The gastrointestinal transit was estimated by the migration of a charcoal marker. In contrast to the animals anesthetized only, the gastrointestinal transit was markedly decreased in control animals. First, we studied the gastrointestinal prokinetic drugs (cisapride, mosapride and metoclopramide), the anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin, and the Kampo medicine Dai-kenchu-to in this model. They significantly increased the transit as compared with the control. Using the same method, Rikkunshi-to and Sho-hange-ka-bukuryo-to were demon-strated to be almost inactive. However, Ninjin-to and Hange-shashin-to not only significantly improved the gastrointestinal mobility compared to the control, but also showed stronger effects than those of Dai-kenchu-to. These results suggest that in addition to Dai-kenchu-to, Ninjin-to and Hange-shashin-to are also effective Kampo medicines for postoperative ileus.