No abstract available.
Animals ; Langerhans Cells* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H*

This study was undertaken to investigate the recovery of epidermal Langerhans cells in relation to time after UVA irradiation through different amounts and ways of exposure in CH mice. We irradiated the ears of C2H mice with UVA 200J/cm2 and 400J/cm2 in a single dose at one time or 5 fractionated doses for 5 days and performed biopsies on the ears of the control and experimental groups after 2, 7, 14, 21days of irradiation and stained them with immunoperoxidase method. The results are summarized as follows, l. We observed a significant decrease in the number of the Ia-positive epidermal Langerhans cells in the single-dose-exposed group compared to the fractionated- dose-exposed group on 7th and 14th days irradiated with UVA 200J/cm. 2. There was no significant difference in the change in the number of the Ia- positive epidermal Langerhans cells until 21 days of exposure between the single- dose-exposed group and the fractionated-dose-exposed group irradiated with UVA 400 J/cm 3. In the group irradiated with UVA 2003/cm, the reduced number of the Ia-positive epidermal Langerhans cells returned to normal on the 14th day after irradiation in the fractionated-dose-exposed group and on the 21st day in the single- dose-exposed group. In the group irradiated with 400J/cm, the number returned to normal on the 21st day of irradition both in the fractionated-dose-exposed group and in the single-dose-exposed group.
Animals ; Biopsy ; Ear ; Langerhans Cells* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H*

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on hypoxic cell fraction and metabolic status in fibrosarcoma (FSa II) of C3H mouse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fibrosarcoma (Fsa II), 6mm in diameter, growing in the right hindleg muscle of C3H mouse was used for estimation of hypoxic cell fraction using comparison of TCD50. Radiation was given one hour after administrationof GBE (100 mg/Kg, i.p.) with or without priming dose of GBE (100 mg/Kg, i.p.) given 24 hours earlier. Radiation was also given under air breathing condition or clamp hypoxia withour GBE as controls. 31P NMR spectroscopy was performed before and one hour after administration of GBE with or without priming dose of GBE. RESULTS: TCD50/120's were 81.7(77.7-86.0) Gy when irradiated under clamped hypoxia, 69.6 (66.8-72.5) Gy under air breathing condition,67.5(64.1-71.1) Gy with a single dose of GBE (100 mg/kg) given one hour before irradiation, and 62.2(59.1-65.5) Gy with two doses of GBE given at 25 hours and one hour before irradiation. The hypoxic cell fractions, estimated from TCD50/120's were 1.6% under air breathing ondition, 7.2% after single dose of GBE, and 2.7% after two doses of GBE. He results of 31P NMR spectroscopy were as follows. PCr/Pi ratio was 0.27 +/- 0.04 and 0.40 +/- before nd one hour after a single dose of GBE(p<0.01). These findings indicate that the metabolic status is slightly improved after a single dose and markedly after repeated administrations. CONCLUSION: GBE decreases the hypoxic cell fraction and improves the metabolic status of tumor, probably by increasing the blood flow and delivery of oxygen and nutrients, resulting in increased radiosensitivity of tumor.
Animals ; Anoxia ; Fibrosarcoma* ; Ginkgo biloba* ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H* ; Oxygen ; Radiation Tolerance ; Respiration

PURPOSE: Tumor hypoxia can be overcome with hypoxic cytotoxin. In mouse tumor, tirapazamine's efficacy of the potentiating radiation effect was tested by the tumor oxygenation status combined with hyperfactionated radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The control and hypoxic mouse tumors were established by inoculation of RIF-1 tumor cells into the normal or previously irradiated back and thigh of C3H mice. When the tumors reached a proper size, both the control and hypoxic tumors were given hyperfractionated treatments (8 fractions/4 days) with saline (0.02 ml/g), tirapazamin (0.08 mM/0.02 ml/kg), irradiation (2.5 Gy), irradiation combined with tirapazamine given 30 minutes prior to each irradiation. The response was evaluated by the growth delay assay by measuring tumor size from day 0 (12 hrs prior to the first fractionation) to the day when the volume had 4-fold increase or cross sectional area had 2-fold increase. RESULTS: Overall growth pattern showed that tirapazamine potentiated radiation effect in back and thigh tumors grew in the normal and preirradiated tumor bed. With growth delay assay using reference point of initial tumor volume or cross sectional area, tirapazamine potentiated radiation effect 1.9 times for the control and 2.4 times for the hypoxic tumors in back, and 1.85 times for the control and 1.6 times for the hypoxic tumors. With reference of 4-fold increase of the initial volume or 2-fold increase of the cross sectional area, tirapazamine potentiated radiation effect 1.48 times for the control and 2.02 times for the hypxic tumors in back, and 1.85 times for the control and 1.6 times for the hypoxic tumors. CONCLUSION: Present result indicated that radiation response of hypoxic tumors was potentiated by tirapazamine in the back or thigh tumors grew in the control or preirradiated tumor bed, and potentiation of the hypoxic tumors was equal to or greater than that of the control tumors in the back or thigh.
Animals ; Anoxia* ; Mice* ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Oxygen ; Radiation Effects ; Radiotherapy ; Thigh ; Tumor Burden

BP201, porcine lung tissue-derived phospholipids, consists of phosphatidylcholine as a major phospholipid species. BP201 promoted hair growth after application onto the shaved backs of BALB/c and C3H mice. Its effect was enhanced when applied together with minoxidil (MNX) in C3H mice. When the tissue specimens prepared from the shaved skins of BP201-treated and control mice were microscopically examined, the total numbers of hair follicles in both anagen and telogen phases of BP201-treated mice were significantly higher than those of control mice. The numbers of hair follicles in the anagen phase of BP201-treated mice were also higher than those of control mice. In combination with MNX, BP201 further increased the total number of hair follicles, but did not alter the percentage of hair follicles in the anagenic phase. BP201 also increased the proliferation of human hair follicle dermal papilla cells. Collectively, BP201 possesses hair growth promoting potential, which would suggest its use singly or in combination for hair growth products.
Animals ; Hair Follicle ; Hair* ; Humans ; Lung* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Minoxidil ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Phospholipids* ; Skin

Experiments have been carried out with C3H mouse fibrosarcoma (FSa II) to determine the effect of different sequence and time intervals between irradiation and administration of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(cia-DDP) with gross tumors (6 mm in diameter), microscopic tumors (3 days after transplantation of 103 cells) and cells in culture. The drug was administered either 24, 12, 8, 4, 2, 1, 0.5 hour before irradiation, immediately before irradiation, or 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 hours after irradiation. In case of in vivo studies, tumor growth delay was used as an end point. Clonogenic cell surviving fraction was used for in vivo studies. Tumor growth delay for gross tumor after 10 Gy radiation plus 10 mg/kg cis-DDP ranged from 0.3 to 10.66 days and the enhancement ratio ranged from 1.37 to 2.23. The most effective combination was whets cis-DDP was given 4 hours before irradiation. Tumor growth delay for microscopic tumor after 5 Gy of radiation and 5 mg/kg of cia-DDP ranged from 3.55 to 11.98 days with enhancement ratio from 2.05 to 6.92. Microscopic tumors showed response significantly greater than additive in every time interval and the most effective treatments were when cis-DDP was given 2 and 1 hour before irradiation. In in vitro experiment, the surviving fraction after 6 Gy of radiation and 1 hour exposure to 4 mu cia-DDP fluctuated as a function of time between treatments, but the difference between maximum and minimum surviving fractions was very small. According to the above results the sequence and time interval between irradiation and chemotherapy is very critical especially for the management of microscopic tumors as in the case of postoperative adiuvant treatment.
Animals ; Cisplatin* ; Drug Therapy ; Fibrosarcoma* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H* ; Radiation Dosage

To examine humoral immune responses in the host, we measured serum antibody levels in different strains of mice (ICR, BALB/c, and C3H) experimentally infected with Neodiplostomum seoulense. Specific IgG antibody levels were increased remarkably with little difference among 3 strains of mice infected with N. seoulense from day 7 to 35 post-infection. More target proteins of adult parasites reacted with IgG at the time when the worm recovery decreased compared with other times. More than 20 protein bands, from 14 kDa to 94 kDa in size, were separated from the crude antigen of N. seoulense adults by SDS-PAGE, and among them 26, 30, 35, 43, 54, 67, and 94 kDa proteins were the major antigenic proteins. The results suggest that significant IgG antibody responses occur against N. seoulense in mice and this may be related with expulsion of worms.
Animals ; Antibodies, Helminth/*blood ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Trematoda/classification ; Trematode Infections/*blood/*immunology

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to prove the superiority of ACP vector containing ITR, and to establish animal model quantifying angiogenesis in vivo. METHODS: hVEGF121, therapeutic gene, was inserted to various vectors (pcDNA3.1, pcDNA 3.2, pActin, pDesm, pACP vector), and these vectors were transfected to various cells using FuGENE6. We cultured for 48hrs, and then quantified amounts of hVEGF121 of supernatants by ELISA. The long-term transfection was assessed for 14 days. Optimal condition of transfection was evaluated by change of the ratio of DNA to FuGENE6, amount of DNA, and confluence of cells. ACP-hVEGF121 was transfected to C2C12 and these transfected C2C12 cells were mixed with Matrigel, and then injected to C3H mouse subcutaneously. Seven days later, hemoglobin assay and pathology of Matrigel were reviewed for angiogenesis. RESULTS: The level of hVEGF121 gene expression using pACP vector was significantly higher than those of others. In 2 weeks culture study, pACP vector showed the highest gene expression and produced VEGF until 2 weeks. The highest gene expression was obtained when the concentration of DNA was 7 microgram, the confluence was up to 80% and the ratio of DNA to FuGENE6 was 1:3. The hemoglobin level in Matrigel of VEGF group was significantly higher than the one of the control group, and active angiogenesis was noted in the VEGF group. CONCLUSIONS: pACP vector might be an efficient vector for angiogenic gene delivery, and animal model using Matrigel and transfected C2C12 cell could be a useful tool for quantitative angiogenesis assay.
Animals* ; DNA ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gene Expression ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Models, Animal* ; Pathology ; Transfection* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

OBJECTIVETo develop and evaluate a mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by a high-fat and high-fructose (HFHFr) diet.

METHODSSix-week-old C3H mice were randomly divided into groups for HFHFr diet experimental modeling, high fat-only (HF) diet controls, high fructose-only (HFr) diet controls, and standard chow (SC) diet controls. The standard HFHFr diet was modified so that it consisted of 76.5% standard chow, 12% lard, 1% cholesterol, 5% egg yolk powder, 5% whole milk powder, and 0.5% sodium cholate, along with 20% fructose drinking water. At the end of experimental weeks 4, 8, and 16, measurements were taken for the NASH-related parameters of body mass, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lipid profile, and wet liver weight (upon sacrifice). In addition, histological changes in the liver were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and oil red O staining. The significance of differences between groups was assessed by statistical analysis, using the

METHODSof t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, x2 test, F test or Fisher's test as appropriate.

RESULTSAs compared to the mice in the SC group at the corresponding time points, the mice in the HFHFr and HF groups showed significantly higher body mass and wet liver weight, as well as more extensive and robust lipid disposition in hepatic tissues as evidenced by oil red O staining. However, HE staining indicated that the HFHFr and HF groups had different degrees of macrosteatosis accompanied with intralobular inflammatory foci, with the former showing more remarkable NASH-related histological changes. Analysis at the end of week 16 showed that about 80% of the mice in the HFHFr group had developed NASH [nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score (NAS): less than 5]. The levels of low-and high-density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL) cholesterol, as well as the levels of ALT and AST, were increased from the end of week 4 to the end of week 8 for the HFHFr and HF groups. At the end of week 16, the two groups differed in the extent of increase in total cholesterol and LDL and HDL cholesterol, with only the HFHFr group showing statistically significant changes. Specifically, at the end of week 16, the HFHFr group showed ALT levels of 108.5 +/- 93.34 U/L (F=5.099, P =0.005 vs. HF group: 44.30 +/- 35.71 U/L, HFr group: 46.70 +/- 17.95 U/L, SC group: 24.70 +/- 6.57 U/L), AST levels of 316.30 +/- 208.98 U/L (F=6.654, P=0.001 vs. HF: 132.12 +/- 75.43 U/L, HFr: 143.30 +/- 38.53 U/L, SC: 122.60 +/- 12.76 U/L), total cholesterol levels of 5.18 +/- 0.58 mmol/L (F=72: 470, P =0.000 vs. HF: 3.94 +/- 0.75 mmol/L, HFr: 2.30 +/- 0.50 mmol/L, SC: 2.02 +/- 0.24 mmol/L), HDL cholesterol levels of 3.05 +/- 0.49 mmol/L (F=25.413, P =0.000 vs. HF: 2.65 +/- 0.54 mmol/L HFr: 1.77 +/- 0.47 mmol/L, SC: 1.58 +/- 0.16 mmol/L), LDL cholesterol levels of 1.11 +/- 0.23 mmol/L (F =83.297, P =0.000 vs. HF: 0.72 +/- 0.17 mmol/L, HFr: 0.27 +/- 0.04 mmol/L, SC: 0.20 +/- 0.05 mmol/ L).

CONCLUSIONThe present study suggests that a mouse model of NASH can be successfully induced by a 16-week modified HFHFr diet.

The effect of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DDG) on C3H mouse fibrosarcoma (FSall) was studied. Metabolic status, especially for energy metabolism, was studied using in vivo 31P-MRS, proliferative capacity was observed on flow cytometry (FC) and growth rate was measured after transplantation of 106 viable tumor cells in the dorsum of foot of C3Hf/Sed mice. One gram of 2-DDG per kg of body weight was injected intraperitoneally on 12th day of implantation. Average tumor size on 12th day of implantation was 250mm3. Growth rate of FSall tumor was measured by tumor doubling time between tumor age 5-12 days was 0.84 days with slope 0.828 and tumor doubling time between tumor age 13-28 days was 3.2 days with slope 0.218 in control group. After 2-DDG injection, tumor doubling time was elongated to 5.1 days with slope 0.136. The effect of 2-DDG studied in vivo 31P-MRS suggested that the increase of phosphomonoester (PME) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) by increasing size of tumor, slowed down after 2-DDG injection. Flow cytometry showed significantly increased S-phase and G2+M phase fraction suggesting increased proliferative capacity of tumor cells in the presence of 2-DDG. Authors observed an interesting effect 2-DDG on FSall tumor and attempt to utilize as an adjunct for radiotherapy.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Deoxyglucose* ; Energy Metabolism ; Fibrosarcoma ; Flow Cytometry* ; Foot ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Radiotherapy