Circadian rhythm,as the most common biological rhythm of the biosphere,exists in almost all organisms.The circadian rhythm center of mammals and humans is in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus and circadian oscillation is also found in peripheral organ.By the united integration of neurohumor and external synchronous,these two regulate various physiological activities and behavior processes of organisms.The disturbance of circadian clock causes impaired glucose tolerance and insulin secretory abnormalities,which further results in abnormal glucose metabolism.Another reason for impaired glucose metabolism is the movement of circadian clock phases caused by glucose,illumination,shift and diet.The review summarizes the clock genes'regulatory influence on saccharometabolism.

Objective To study the infection status of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and sensitivity to commonly used antibiotics in Taizhou district,Zhejiang province. Methods 39 099 cases aged between 5 and 95 years old(mean as 48.42 years)were involved during January 2010 to December,2013 for this study. Sex ratio was 1 ∶ 0.95. Yearly distribution of the number of cases were 5 031,6 709,11 902 and 15 457 in 2010,2011,2012 and 2013,respectively. Gastric mucosal specimens were collected and H. pylori strains were isolated and cultured in the same platform in Zhiyuan Medical Inspection Institute of Hangzhou. Resistance tests of all the H. pylori isolates were performed to 6 commonly used antibiotics:metronidazole,clarithromycin,amoxicillin,gentamicin, levofloxacin and furazolidone with the agar dilution method. The antibiotic resistance rates of H. pylori strains isolated during year 2010-2013 and the changing trends were analyzed. Results Resistance rates to levofloxacin and clarithromycin kept at higher level and the highest was in 2011 and then decreased in both 2012 and 2013 (P<0.01). The resistance rates to both levofloxacin and clarithromycin reached the highest in 2011(P<0.01),and decreased thereafter,with no significant change in 2013 to 2012(P>0.05). Conclusion Antibiotic resistance rate against metronidazole for HP isolate was highest. Resistance rate against amoxicillin and furazolidone,gentamicin was low. Clinical treatment should choose amoxicillin and furazolidone,gentamicin. The resistance rates to levofloxacin and clarithromycin had been seen at a significantly downwarding trend since 2011. However,the combined resistance rates to levofloxacin and clarithromycin did not seem to reduce since 2012.

OBJECTIVETo study the infection status of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and sensitivity to commonly used antibiotics in Taizhou district,Zhejiang province.

METHODS39 099 cases aged between 5 and 95 years old (mean as 48.42 years) were involved during January 2010 to December, 2013 for this study. Sex ratio was 1 : 0.95. Yearly distribution of the number of cases were 5 031, 6 709, 11 902 and 15 457 in 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively. Gastric mucosal specimens were collected and H. pylori strains were isolated and cultured in the same platform in Zhiyuan Medical Inspection Institute of Hangzhou. Resistance tests of all the H. pylori isolates were performed to 6 commonly used antibiotics:metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, gentamicin, levofloxacin and furazolidone with the agar dilution method. The antibiotic resistance rates of H. pylori strains isolated during year 2010-2013 and the changing trends were analyzed.

RESULTSResistance rates to levofloxacin and clarithromycin kept at higher level and the highest was in 2011 and then decreased in both 2012 and 2013 (P < 0.01). The resistance rates to both levofloxacin and clarithromycin reached the highest in 2011 (P < 0.01), and decreased thereafter, with no significant change in 2013 to 2012 (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAntibiotic resistance rate against metronidazole for HP isolate was highest. Resistance rate against amoxicillin and furazolidone, gentamicin was low. Clinical treatment should choose amoxicillin and furazolidone, gentamicin. The resistance rates to levofloxacin and clarithromycin had been seen at a significantly downward trend since 2011. However, the combined resistance rates to levofloxacin and clarithromycin did not seem to reduce since 2012.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Helicobacter pylori ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult